河南專(zhuān)升本考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不能作謂語(yǔ)用）包括不定式、分詞及動(dòng)名詞。一、動(dòng)詞不定式常用形式：一般主動(dòng)式todo,般被動(dòng)式tobedone完成主動(dòng)式tohavedone,完成被動(dòng)式tohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing語(yǔ)法功能：可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)（即除謂語(yǔ)之外的各種成分）。例如：1）主語(yǔ)：Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant.2）表語(yǔ)：Myjobistodrivethemtothecompanyeveryday.3）賓語(yǔ)：DoyouwanttovisittheGreatWall?Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhatt

2、odonext?4）賓補(bǔ)：Theteacheradvisedustohavearestfirst.Ididntnoticethemcomein.注：see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以后（即不定式作主補(bǔ)時(shí)）要帶to,其中l(wèi)etsb.dosth.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)式為sb.isletdosth.help（幫助）后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to,也可不帶to.即helpsb.（to）dosth.5）定語(yǔ)：不定式位于所修飾的名詞，代詞之后，如：Whowasthefirstonetosettothetopofthehillyest

3、erday?/Heisthemantodependon/tobelievein.6）狀語(yǔ)：inorderto目的狀語(yǔ)：ShereadsChinaDailyeverydaysoastoimproveherEnglish.to注：inorderto可以位于句首或句中，soasto不能位于句首。原因狀語(yǔ)：Imgladtoseeyou.注：這種“be+形容詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，其不定式有時(shí)也可視為賓語(yǔ)，如：Heiseagertogotocollege./Sheissuretocomehere.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：Theylivedtoseetheliberationoftheirhometown.他們一直活到見(jiàn)到家鄉(xiāng)

4、解放。在“tooto結(jié)構(gòu)中表“太結(jié)果不能，如：Heistooweaktodothework.注：too之前如果有only,onlytoo表“非常、“很意，此時(shí)不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。女口：Theyareonlytooluckytogoabroadforavisit.他們很幸運(yùn)去國(guó)外訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。另外，too后如果是happy,glad之類(lèi)形容詞時(shí)，不定式也表肯定意，如：Shewastoohappytomeetheroldfriendinthestreet.在“形容詞/副詞+enough+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“足以能”，如：Heisstrongenoughtodothework.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式（fo

5、rsb.todosth.），可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。for本身無(wú)意義，sb.可稱(chēng)之為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如：Ithinkitnecessaryforhimtogothereatonce.（復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式作賓語(yǔ)）注：當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，不用for,而用of,女口：Itiskindofyoutohelpme.（相當(dāng)于Youarekindtohelpme.）這類(lèi)形容詞有g(shù)ood,nice,kind,wise,clever,foolish,silly,stupid,careless,impolite（不禮貌）等。right,wrong既可用于forsb.to

6、dosth.也可用于ofsb.todosth.例如：Itsright/wronggforhimtodotheworkalone.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式：可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：Howtofinishtheworkintimeisaproblem.（主語(yǔ)）Wedontknowwhenandwheretogo.（賓語(yǔ)）動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式（nottodosth.），語(yǔ)法功能同不定式肯定式。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)形式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系：1）一般式：表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后，或沒(méi)有時(shí)間限制。例如：Theyoftenwatchusplaytabletennis.（與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)）Sheho

7、pestogothereagain.（在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后）ItisnecessaryandimportanttoreadEnglisheveryday.（無(wú)時(shí)間限制）Thefactorytomakeradiosisoverthere.（無(wú)時(shí)間限制）2）完成式：表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting./Sheseemstohavebeenateacherformanyyears.3）進(jìn)行式：表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：ShehappenedtobewritingaletterintheroomwhenIcomein.不定式的

8、被動(dòng)式：名詞、代詞為不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用不定式被動(dòng)式，例如：Whatistobedoneisunknown./Thebridgetobebulitthereisverylong.注：關(guān)于不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義用法參見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)一講。一、分詞分詞形式：有現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，現(xiàn)在分詞則有：一般主動(dòng)式doing,一般被動(dòng)式beingdone,完成主動(dòng)式havingdone,完成被動(dòng)式havingbeendone語(yǔ)法功能：在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1）語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。例如：themovi

9、ngfilm動(dòng)人的電影，themovedgirl受感動(dòng)的姑娘，arunningmachine一臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的機(jī)器，astolencar一輛被盜的汽車(chē)注：關(guān)于心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一ing形式表主動(dòng)意，一ed形式表被動(dòng)意，詳見(jiàn)該講后的專(zhuān)題。時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞往往表已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：adevelopingcountry發(fā)展中的國(guó)家，adevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家4現(xiàn)在分詞的基本用法：一般主動(dòng)式用法：作定語(yǔ)：Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.(=Thechildwhoissleepingis)/Thegirlwritingale

10、ttertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.(=Thegirlwhoiswritingalettercan)ThefactorymakingTVsetsisverylarge.=ThefactorywhichmakesTVsetsisverylarge.)作表語(yǔ)：Thestorysoundsveryinteresting./Thenewsisveryexciting.作賓補(bǔ)：學(xué)用于see,watch,hear,feel,find,have,keep等動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes./IsawTomcomingout

11、ofthehouse./Dontkeepthestudentsdoinghomeworkallday.注：上述動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，而不是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)則表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。例如：IheardthemsingingintheroomwhenIpassedit.(singing不可改為sing)Doyouoftenhearthemsingintheroom?(sing不可改為singing)havesb.dosth.與havesb.doingsth.的區(qū)別：前者h(yuǎn)ave=let,后者h(yuǎn)ave有時(shí)表“keep意，有時(shí)表“employ(雇用)意。如：Illhave

12、himgowithme.我將讓他和我一塊去。Illhavehimworkinginmycompary.我將雇用他在我的公司里工作。Donthavethemachineworkingallday.不要讓機(jī)器整天工作。作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Readingtheletter,Icouldnthelpthinkingofmyschoollife.原因狀語(yǔ)：Beingill,Ididntgotoschoolyesterday.方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)：MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.完成主動(dòng)式用法：這種分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間

13、或原因狀語(yǔ)用，不能作定語(yǔ)用。例如：Havingfinishedherhomework,shewenttobed./Nothavingreceivedhisletter,shewrotetohimagain.一般被動(dòng)式用法：表示正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：Thecarbeingrepairedismine.(=Thecarwhichisbeingrepairedismine.)/Beingrepaired,thecarcantbeused.(As/Becauseitisbeingrepaired,thecarcantbeused.)完成被動(dòng)式用法：表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)

14、作，在句中多作狀語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。例如：Havingbeenpraisedasecondtime,Idecidedtomakestillgreaterprogress.5過(guò)去分詞的基本用法：1）作定語(yǔ)：Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.2）作表語(yǔ)：Theglassisbroken./WhenIgottotheclassroom,thedoorwaslocked.3）作賓補(bǔ)：Youmusthaveyourhaircut.4）作狀語(yǔ)：Givenmoretime,wecandotheworkmuchbetter.6獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)分詞有它自己的獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)（不

15、同于句子主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞）時(shí)，則是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如：Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.（=Whenthebellrang,weallstoppedtalking.）/Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.壬Therewasnobus,sowehadtowalkhome.）7使用現(xiàn)在分詞的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)：（1）作狀語(yǔ)用的現(xiàn)在分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，例如：Standingontopofthetallbuilding,wecouldseethewholecity.（正）（Standing

16、=Whenwestood）Standingontopofthetallbuilding,thewholecitycouldbeseen.（誤）Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedtheexperiment.（正）（Havingfound=After/Whentheyhadfound）Havingfoundthecause,theexperimentcontinued.（誤）（2）短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞）的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作賓補(bǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例如：Hesawtheoldmanknockeddownbythecar.（knockeddown不可改為beingknockedd

17、own或havingbeenknickeddown）DoyoulikethedictionaryboughtbyZhangMing?（bought不可改為beingbought或havingbeenbought）現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞用法的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞都有被動(dòng)意，但其用法是有區(qū)別的：（1）作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞則表示一個(gè)已發(fā)生過(guò)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或沒(méi)有時(shí)間性的狀態(tài)。例如：Doyouseethehospitalthere?你看見(jiàn)了那邊那個(gè)醫(yī)院?jiǎn)?？ThecontinentconnectedwithAsiaattheSuezCanalisAfr

18、ica在蘇伊士運(yùn)河處與亞洲相連的洲是非洲。（句中connected無(wú)時(shí)間性）（2）作原因狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞可以互換。例如：Beingled（=Led）bytheParty,theChinesepeoplehavewongreatvictories.（3）作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式，而用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Thesoldierslayontheground,coveredwithnothing.（4）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，若動(dòng)作先于句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，且有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間，不可用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式或完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Builtin1192,thebridgewasveryuseful.如果沒(méi)有具

19、體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可用過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Discussed（=Havingbeendiscussed）manytimes,theproblemwassettledatlast.如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，則宜用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式，而不用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Nothavingbeeninvited,shehadtostayathome.（5）在have,get之后宜用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式或不定式被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如：Illhavemyhaircut.（cut不能改為beingcut或becut）Hegothiswatchrepaired.（repai

20、red不能改為beingrepaired或toberepaired）（6）在make,order,want,like,wish等動(dòng)詞后，多用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，少用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如Thespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.（一般不說(shuō)beingheard）Hewantedhishousepainted.（一般不說(shuō)beingpainted）心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與-ed形式所謂心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是指含有使動(dòng)意，使人產(chǎn)生某種情感、心理變化的動(dòng)詞。如：surprise使驚訝；interest使感興趣。它們的-ing形式含主動(dòng)意義，-ed形式含被動(dòng)意義。皆可視為形容詞。例如

21、：surprising令人驚訝的，interesting令人感興趣的；surprised（因）感到驚訝的，interested（因）感到興趣的。下面的句子可顯示兩者的區(qū)別：Thefilmissointerestingthattheyareallinterestedinit.Shewasmuchsurprisedatthesurprisingnews.已學(xué)的心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：astonish,bore（使厭煩），delight,disappoint,discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move（使感動(dòng)），please（使高興）,puzzle（

22、使迷惑）,satisfy（使?jié)M意），surprise,shock,tire（使疲勞），trouble,upset（使不安）,worry它們的-ing形式多和物連用，如：Thenewsispleasing/exciting./aboringreport（一個(gè)令人厭煩的扌報(bào)告），atiringwalk（累人的步行）。它們的-ed形式多和人連用，如：anexcitedgirl,/Imtired.但是也有-ing形式和人連用，-ed形式和物連用的現(xiàn)象。如：aninspiringleader一位有感召力的領(lǐng)袖，anamusinggirl一個(gè)討人喜歡的女孩，apuzzledexpression一種迷惑不解

23、的表情，Shesaidinafrightenedvoice.她用受了驚嚇的聲音說(shuō)著話(huà)。三、動(dòng)名詞1形式同現(xiàn)在分詞，有四種。2動(dòng)名詞的基本用法：作主語(yǔ)：Seeingisbelieving./Talkingiseasierthandoing,/itisntnecessaryexplainingtohim./Itsnousewaitinghere.作表語(yǔ)：Myhobby(愛(ài)好)iscollectingstamps./Hisjobiswashingandcooking.作賓語(yǔ)：Whenhecamein,weallstoppedtalking./Hehasgivenupsmoking./Weoftend

24、oourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon./Areyoufondofdancing?/Theboyisntworthteaching.注有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式。動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)含義不同。詳見(jiàn)第6點(diǎn)。作定語(yǔ)：Thisisherfatherswalkingstick.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形式：his/himworkingthere,WangDongs/WangDongworkingthere語(yǔ)法功能：作主語(yǔ)：Yoursmokingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.(動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句首作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能

25、用sbs的形式，此句中的Your不可改為You。)作賓語(yǔ)：Idontlikehis/himstayingwithus.作表語(yǔ)：Myjoyishiswinningthetabletennisgame.(his不能改為him)動(dòng)名詞的完成式：動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作為一種時(shí)間要領(lǐng)不強(qiáng)的或泛指的動(dòng)作，或是與句中謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生?；蛟谥^語(yǔ)之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，則要用完成式。例如：Wewerepraisedforhavingcompletedourtaskaheadoftime.在remember,forget,regret,excuse,apologize等動(dòng)詞之后，某些介

26、詞后，或某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：Irememberhimsomemoneybefore.Heforgotmethat./Afterfinishinghishomework,hewentoutforawalk.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞就要用被動(dòng)式。例如：Theproblemisfarfrombeingsettled.動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式往往用一般被動(dòng)式來(lái)代替，以免句子顯得累贅。例如：Istillrememberbeinginvited(代替havingbeeninvited)byafamousartistwhen

27、IwasinShanghai.6動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的用法比較作主語(yǔ)：多數(shù)情況兩者可以互換。例如：Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.Talkingiseasyanddoingisdifficult=Totalkiseasyandtodoisdifficult.如果表示一種具體、短期的行為，或表示將來(lái)的行為，宜用不定式。例如：Ittookhimtwohourstofinishthework.Tobeascientistishisdesire(愿望).如果表示一種經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為，一般用動(dòng)名詞。例如：Gettingupearlyisagoodhabi

28、t.作賓語(yǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)皆可，意義也差不多，主要有：begin,start,continue,love,prefer等。有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，主要有：wish,hope,expect,demand,refuse,decide.有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，已學(xué)過(guò)的這類(lèi)詞有：finish,imagine,insiston,enjoy,escape,consider,canthelp,admit,avoid,mind,miss,practise,putoff(延遲)=delay,suggest.feellike,lookforwardto,devoteto(doing),b

29、eworth.有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞意義有明顯差別，主要有：forget,remember,regret,stop,mean,try,want,need,require,goonforgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事=forgethavingdonesth.=forgettohavedonesth.remembertodosth.記住要做某事rememberdoingsth.記住做過(guò)某事regrettodosth.遺憾(要)做某事regretdoingsth.懊悔做了某事stoptodosth.停下(原事)去做某事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))stopdo

30、ingsth.停止做某事meantodosth.決意打算做某事meandoingsth.意味表明做某事trytodosth.努力設(shè)法去做某事trydoingsth.試圖嘗試用某一方法做某事want/need/requiretodosth.要想做某事want/need/requiredong.需要/想要被goontodosth.繼續(xù)做不同的事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做相同的事7使用現(xiàn)在分詞的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)：(1)作狀語(yǔ)用的現(xiàn)在分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，例如：Standingontopofthetallbuilding,wecouldseethewholecity.(正)(

31、Standing=Whenwestood)Standingontopofthetallbuilding,thewholecitycouldbeseen.(誤)Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedtheexperiment.(正)(Havingfound=After/Whentheyhadfound)Havingfoundthecause,theexperimentcontinued.(誤)(2)短暫動(dòng)詞(即瞬間動(dòng)詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作賓補(bǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例如：Hesawtheoldmanknockeddownbythecar.(knickeddown不可改為being

32、knockeddown或havingbeingknickeddown)DoyoulikethedictionaryboughtbyZhangMing?(bought不可改為beingbought或havingbeenbought)現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞用法的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞都有被動(dòng)意，但其用法是有區(qū)別的：作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞則表示一個(gè)已發(fā)生過(guò)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或沒(méi)有時(shí)間性的狀態(tài)。例如：Doyouseethehospitalthere?你看見(jiàn)了那邊那個(gè)醫(yī)院?jiǎn)幔縏hecontinentconnectedwithAsiaattheSuezCana

33、lisAfrica在蘇伊士運(yùn)河處與亞洲相連的洲是非洲。(句中connected無(wú)時(shí)間性)作原因狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞可以互換。例如：Beingled(=Led)bytheParty,theChinesepeoplehavewongreatvictories.作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式，而用過(guò)去動(dòng)詞。例如：Thesoldierslayontheground,coveredwithnothing.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，若動(dòng)作先于句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，且有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間，不可用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式或完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Builtin1192,thebridgewasveryuseful.如果沒(méi)有具體過(guò)去

34、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可用過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Discussed(=Havingbeendiscussed)manytimes,theproblemwassettledatlast.如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，則宜用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式，而不用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Nothavingbeeninvited,shehadtostayathome.在have,get之后宜用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式或不定式被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如：Illhavemyhaircut.(cut不能改為beingcut或becut)Hegothiswatchrepaired.(repaired不能改

35、為beingrepaired或toberepaired)在make,order,want,like,wish等動(dòng)詞后，多用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，少用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如Thespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.（般不說(shuō)beingheard）Hewantedhishousepainted.（一般不說(shuō)beingpainted）心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與-ed形式所謂心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是指含有使動(dòng)意，使人產(chǎn)生某種情感、心理變化的動(dòng)詞。如：surprise使驚訝；interest使感興趣。它們的-ing形式含主動(dòng)意義，-ed形式含被動(dòng)意義。皆可視為形容詞。例如：surprisin

36、g令人驚訝的，interesting令人感興趣的；surprised（因）感到驚訝的，interested（因）感到興趣的。下面的句子可顯示兩者的區(qū)別：Thefilmissointerestingthattheyareallinterestedinit.Shewasmuchsurprisedatthesurprisingnews.已學(xué)的心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：astonish,bore（使厭煩），delight,disappoint,discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move（使感動(dòng)），please（使高興）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satis

37、fy（使?jié)M意），surprise,shock,tire（使疲勞），trouble,upset（使不安）,worry它們的-ing形式多和物連用，如：Thenewsispleasing/exciting.aboringreport（一個(gè)令人厭煩的扌報(bào)告），atiringwalk（累人的步行）。它們的-ed形式多和人連用，如：anexcitedgirl,Imtired.但是也有-ing形式和人連用，-ed形式和物連用的現(xiàn)象。如：aninspiringleader一位有感召力的領(lǐng)袖，anamusinggirl一個(gè)討人喜歡的女孩，apuzzledexpression一種迷惑不解的表情，Shesaidi

38、nafrightenedvoice.她用受了驚嚇的聲音說(shuō)著話(huà)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析1TheOlympicGames,in776B.C,didtincludewomenplayersuntil1919.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying析：根據(jù)題干，必須選表示被動(dòng)的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、D；因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意，不合題干之用，只有C選項(xiàng)（相當(dāng)于whichwasfirstplayed）才合用。2Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,itthemostpopularsport

39、intheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madetomake析:B、C是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在此不可用。D項(xiàng)tomake或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景。只有A.making，可作狀語(yǔ)，表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)例：Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.公共汽車(chē)被大風(fēng)雪所阻，因而耽誤了。3LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking析：根據(jù)thisevening，應(yīng)選表示將來(lái)義的選項(xiàng)，C、D應(yīng)排除。Ta

40、ke后無(wú)賓語(yǔ),必然要用被動(dòng)式，故答案為A。4Johnwasmadethetruckforaweekasapunishment.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing析：根據(jù)bemadetodosth.句式，可定答案為A。5Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating析：根據(jù)warnsb.(not)todosth.句式，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律，又可排除A，而定C。6Iusuallygothereb

41、ytrain.Whynotbyboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing析：此題可根據(jù)whynot后直接跟原形動(dòng)詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項(xiàng)改為trytogo，則要根據(jù)其與trygoing意義之別來(lái)確定答案。依據(jù)題干對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容，乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣，所以答案仍為D。7areply，hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived析：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位，B、

42、D皆為錯(cuò)誤形式。A項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)先于decided的動(dòng)作，只有選C項(xiàng)才表沒(méi)收到信在先，決定再寫(xiě)信在后，所以C為正確答案。8CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havingmvented析：consider表“考慮意時(shí)，其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認(rèn)為”，這時(shí)consider后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)多為todo,tohavedone,tobe等形式。據(jù)此可排除B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意，不合題用，只有C表“發(fā)明了”意，才合

43、題用，故選C。9MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited析：“被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)”，應(yīng)選表被動(dòng)意的選項(xiàng)，B不可用。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who,也應(yīng)排除。又因短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作定語(yǔ)，C也應(yīng)排除，只有A.invited(=whowereinvited)才是正確答案。10Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiredD.tied析：

44、B表主動(dòng)意，應(yīng)排除。C表“將要被捆綁”，A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意，只有D項(xiàng)填入空白才能表達(dá)“雙手被反綁著”這一意思，符合題干情景。再看一類(lèi)似例句：Hecamein,(with)hisheadheldhigh.他昂首走了進(jìn)來(lái)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)練moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenThefirsttextbooks_cameoutinthe16thcentury.A.tobewrittenB.writtenwrittenD.havingwrittenThemissingboyswerelast

45、seen_A.toplayB.playplayingA.TolostD.GivingforteachingEnglishneartheD.playinginthought,healmostranintothecarinloseB.LostD.LosingWhenpassingmehepretendedme.A.toseeB.nothavingseenD.nottohaveseenThechildreninsistedA.theygoinggoingD.goingHestillremembers_A.taking_thereonfoot.B.theywouldgoasaforeignlangua

46、geC.beingriver.C.tobefrontofhim.C.HavingC.tohavenotseenC.ontheirtoShanghaiwhenhewasB.beingveryyoung.taken_thetrainhadtakenC.takenD.havingtherailwaystation,wehadabreak,only_left.B.ComingD.Hurryingto;toA.Arrivingat;tofindto;discoveringthatC.Onarrivingat;findingouthavefoundoutWiththeboytheway,wehadnotr

47、oublethewaytoZhongshanPark.A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;toleadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;ledthesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeingandfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmorebeautiful.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seencanhardlyimag

48、inePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.tohavesailedB.tosailC.sailingD.sail12.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheairagainstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomoveisknowntoall,Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancingWh

49、ileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelpintobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuadedTherewasterriblenoisethesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedPleaseexcusemyinwithout.A.come;permittedB.coming;permittedC.comimg;beingpermittedD.

50、tocome;beingpermittedhisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeetingthen.B.Held;holdingD.Held;tobeA.Holding;beingheldC.Havingheld;heldheld18.Didyouhearherthispopsongthistimetheotherday?Yes,andIheardthissongA.sing;singingB.D.singing;sung19.Thequestionyesterday.sung;sunginEnglish.C.sung;sing

51、ingnowatthemeetingisnotthequestionA.discussed;discussedaddiscussedC.beingdiscussed;discussed20.WiththecookingA.done;tododone;doingC.tobedone;doingdone;doing21.Itisnouseyourpastmistakes.A.regrettingB.regretregretD.regretted22.Herhusbanddiedin1980andhadnothingfiveB.discussing;hD.discussing;discussing,

52、Iwentonsomesewing.B.beingD.tohaveC.totoher,onlyherchildren.A.left;toleaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;leftD.left;leavingamverybusy.Ihaveaverydifficultproblem.A.toworkB.toworkoutC.tobeworkedoutD.toworkitoutwouldappreciatebackthisaffernoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling25.Climbingmounta

53、inswas,soweallfelt.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired26.Isawsomevillagers_A.seating_onthebenchattheendoftheroom.B.seatC.seatedD.seatedthemselves27.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwellcareof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking28.Itisoneoftheimportantproblemstomorrow.A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.s

54、olvedD.solvingmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.A.DrawnB.DrawingC.TodrawD.BedrawingThereisariveraroundourschool.A.torunB.runC.runningD.toberunningHowaboutthetwoofusawalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakenwasfortunatetopickupawalletonthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset.whenIgothome.A.lying