高考英語復習備考：建筑凝固的藝術(shù) 主題閱讀

1、高考英語復習備考：建筑，凝固的藝術(shù) 主題閱讀建筑，不僅僅是遮風擋雨的地方，也是無聲的藝術(shù)和凝固的歷史。人生不過百年，但 是人在短暫的生命中創(chuàng)造出的建筑卻可默默矗立千年萬年。中國建筑，是中華文化遺產(chǎn)中的一顆明珠，是中華傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成局部。隨著時 代的開展，現(xiàn)代建筑在繼承傳統(tǒng)的基礎上，結(jié)合了時代精神、民族特色、地方風格等，迸 發(fā)出嶄新的活力，這彰顯著現(xiàn)代工匠的智慧。優(yōu)秀的建筑，就如同侵秀的人，是內(nèi)外兼修 的。欣賞建筑，就是在欣賞自然，欣賞生活，欣賞美。主題實踐中國的五大古建筑中國建筑具有悠久的歷史傳統(tǒng)，也取得了光輝的成就。下文中的建筑，你了解多少呢？1 Great old buildings

2、reflect wisdom and efforts of ancient Chinese working people. Below is a list of the five famous historic buildings in China.The Great Wall2The Great Wall is one of the greatest buildings in China. The chief part of the Great Wall began to be constructed by Emperor Qin Shi Huang to keep out nomadic

3、（游牧的） tribes from the north. The best-preserved section of the Great Wall was built during the Ming Dynasty. Today it is a powerful symbol of Chinas enduring strength.The Forbidden City3The Forbidden City in the center of Beijing is the largest and most complete imperial palace and ancient building

4、complex in China. Most of the buildings were built with wood, roofed with yellow glazed tiles （瓦片）and built on blue-and-white stone foundations, looking solemn （莊嚴的） and brilliant.The Patiala Palace4Situated on the Red Hill in central Lhasa, the Patiala Palace was built in the 7th century in the Tan

5、g Dynasty during the reign of Tibetan King Songster Campo. It is considered a model of Tibetan architecture.The Mausoleum （陵墓）of Emperor Qin Shi Huang5The Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang is located about 35 kilometers from Xian City. It is the biggest imperial mausoleum in ancient China. Qin Shi

6、Huang started building it as soon as he came into power. It was said that more than 700, 000 laborers were used in this giant project and nearly 40 years were used in building the mausoleum.Zhaozhou Bridge6Zhaozhou Bridge, also known as Anis Bridge, is a large stone-arched bridge designed by ancient

7、 architect Li Chun. The bridge is located on the Xiao River in Zhao County, Hebei Province. It is the largest and oldest stone-arched bridge in the world. It took 11 years to complete the bridge during the Sui Dynasty.Reading CheckI . Choose the best answers according to the textDetail 1. What can w

8、e learn about the Great Wall from the second paragraph?It was firstly built during the Ming Dynasty.It showed Chinas powerful strength.It was the biggest ancient building in China.It took 11 years to complete the construction.Detail 2. Which historic building will you choose if you want to visit an

9、imperialpalace in ancient China?The Great Wall.Zhaozhou Bridge.The Forbidden City.The Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.What can we learn about Zhaozhou Bridge from the last paragraph?It is a large wood-arched bridge.It was designed by architect Li Chun.It took about 40 years to finish the project.

10、It is located on the Xiao River in Anis.Inference 4. Where can the text be found?In an art magazine.In a geography book.In a research paper.In a travel guidebook.DiscussionWhat other great ancient buildings in China do you know? Please search for more in-formation about them and share it with your c

11、lassmates.Language StudyI . Discover the useful structure in the textIt is/was said that意為“據(jù)說”;be used in 意為“被用于It was said that more than 700, 000 laborers were used in this giant project and nearly 40 years were used in building the mausoleum.據(jù)說，這項巨大的工程使用 了 70 多萬人，花費了近40年的時間。Complete the following

12、 phrases according to the text.紫禁城 the City.布達拉宮the Potala.古代中國 China. 一就as as.石拱橋 bridge.持久的力量 strength.坐落于（be） at/in/on.被看作是be known美麗的四合院四合院被認為是中國傳統(tǒng)民居的優(yōu)秀代表，一座典型的四合院在設計和建造中表達了 中國傳統(tǒng)建筑之美。1The quadrangle courtyard, the traditional dwelling of people of the Han ethnic group, has a time-honored history

13、. A quadrangle courtyard is surrounded by houses on all four sides. The courtyard, which is spacious and well-arranged, and the houses of which are independent, yet connected by pathways-embodies the beauty of traditional Chinese architecture.2Quadrangle courtyards, mainly situated in North China, d

14、ate back more than 3, 000 years. The earliest typical courtyard was found among the ruins of Fengchu Village, Qishan County, in Northwest Chinas Shaanxi Province. The compound, with two layers of court-yards, was built during the Western Zhou Dynasty.3Kublai Khan, the founding emperor of the Yuan Dy

15、nasty, moved the dynastys capital to Beijing in 1272, and he granted （授予）land to high officials and wealthy merchants. That resulted in the large-scale building of courtyard residences in Beijing. Hutong and quadrangle courtyards were the main architectural features in Beijing during the dynasty.4Th

16、e quadrangle courtyard is a type of secluded （隱蔽的）dwelling, seen from the out-side, with the entire building enclosed by tall walls. The courtyard faces south, with the en-trance gate at the southeastern corner. A small quadrangle courtyard has only one court-yard, while a large compound has two or

17、more courtyards, depending on the wealth and social status of the household.5The quadrangle courtyard is recognized as a masterpiece of traditional Chinese dwellings. A typical Beijing quadrangle courtyard reflects both utility and aesthetics in its de-sign and construction. It is constructed with b

18、ricks and timber （木材）, with careful de-signs. The indigo bricks, grey tiles and vermilion-painted gate, the whole color creates an atmosphere of serenity and elegance. From the gables （山墻）and eaves to the pillars and panes, the structure is ingeniously designed and decorated.6Minor parts, such as th

19、e eave edge, roof ridge, stone-gate pier, wooden window and door and floor tiles are decorated with patterns that symbolize wealth and auspiciousness. They are carved or painted with images of wildlife, characters or figures. For example, the peony stands for wealth and rank, and the bat is recogniz

20、ed as a blessing, due to how it is pronounced in the Chinese language.Reading CheckI . Choose the best answers according to the textInference1. What does paragraph 1 serve as in the text?A background. B. An argument.C. A summary. D. An introduction.Detail 2. What can we learn about quadrangle courty

21、ards according to paragraph 2?A. They were usually found in Southwest China.They can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty.They enjoy a history of nearly 3, 000 years.They were first designed by Fengchu villagers.Detail 3. What can we learn about a typical Beijing quadrangle courtyard in paragr

22、aph 5?It is an important modern Chinese building.It is often completed with wood and grey bricks.It aims to create a lively and elegant environment.It usually has a complicated but practical design.Vocabulary 4. What does the underlined word “auspiciousness” mean in paragraph 6?A. Good luck. B. Nobl

23、e status.C. Huge wealth. D. Great power.II. DiscussionWhat other traditional dwellings of various ethnic groups do you know? And whats your understanding of the relationship between dwellings and tradition?Language StudyComplete the following phrases according to the text.被包圍be by.中國北方 China.追溯至ij d

24、ate to.超過 more.取決于 on.社會地位social.被認為是be as與自然和諧相處的吊腳樓吊腳樓是居住者與自然和諧相處的表達，是兼顧藝術(shù)與實用的典型建筑。1 Stilted houses are a kind of wooden houses built on stilts （支柱）. They are mainly constructed on h川sides and riverbanks, and they are in harmony with nature.2Stilted houses are traditional dwellings of various ethn

25、ic groupsincluding the Miao, Tujia, Dong, Zhuang and Bouyei-in Chinas southwestern region, including the southeastern areas of Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province, the western areas of Hunan and Hubei provinces, and the northern area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.3A stilted house is co

26、nstructed to overhang the water or hillside, as it is supported by many wooden p川ars. As it often rains, and the climate is humid, in southwestern China, living in such houses can protect inhabit-ants from miasma （瘴氣），poisonous vegetation, and venomous （分泌毒液的）insects and snakes.4Located in the mount

27、ains by Youshui River, in Youyang County, Chongqing,Hewan Village has a history of more than 600 years. It is famous for its stilted houses of the Tujia ethnic group, and for its terraced fields （梯田）.The construction technique used to build the stilted houses of the Tujia ethnic group was listed as

28、a national intangible cultural heritage in May 2011.5Pengjiazhai, a village in Xuanen County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, is also known for having stilted houses of the Tujia ethnic group. The village, like an Arcadia （世夕卜桃源），is situated at the northern foot of Wuling

29、 Mountain.6Fenghuang Ancient Town, in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in western Hunan Province, is known as one of the most beautiful towns in China. The local custom of building and living in stilted houses can be traced back to the Tang and Song dynasties. The town has well-preserve

30、d stilted houses of the Miao ethnic group.7Numerous tourists visit the town each year, and staying in a stilted house is a must forthem. Listening to the sound of the river and enjoying the beautiful scenery, people will surely be immersed in the harmony of nature.Reading CheckI . Choose the best an

31、swers according to the textStructure 1. What is the main logic applied in this text to introduce stilted houses in China?A. Time. B. Space. C. Character. D. Importance.Detail 2. Why are stilted houses mainly constructed on hillsides or riverbanks?They are dwellings of ethnic groups.They need support

32、 from hills or rivers.They can protect inhabitants from natural harm.They can better preserve the natural scenery.Detail 3. What can we know about stilted houses from the text?Hewan Village is known for stilted houses of the Tujia ethnic group.Pengjiazhai was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in2011.Fenghuang Ancient Town has more stilted h