廣東省高考英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀 猜測詞義 新課標(biāo) 人教

1、閱讀理解專題一-猜測詞義2021/8/8 星期日1 猜測詞義是考生閱讀理解能力的一個(gè)重要方面. NMET 閱讀理解主要測試考生根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜出生詞詞義或舊詞新意的能力. 2021/8/8 星期日2 猜測生詞的方法根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：（Derivation）（Conversion）（Compounding）派生轉(zhuǎn)化合成2021/8/8 星期日3派生：由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新的單詞，該法是猜測英語單詞的主要方法。A.加前綴 dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-,B.加后綴 able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -es

2、e, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -ydisable, incorrect, rebuild, unimportant, nonstop, reasonable, chemical, American, helpful, handful, active, scientist, beautify, musician, realize, friendly, fully, 2021/8/8 星期日4如：unconditional，意為“無條件的”轉(zhuǎn)化：由某一詞性轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)化成另一詞性，

3、其意義也發(fā)生一定的變化。I was asked to minute the race.“minute”轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞，意為“為計(jì)時(shí)”hand(n.)hand(v.) empty(adj.)empty(v.)The man sitting in the chair chaired the meeting.2021/8/8 星期日5合成：兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞組成一個(gè)新的單詞。如：blackboard, man-made,overthrow首字母縮略ISBN：VIP：International Standard Book Number國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖書編號(hào)very Important person貴賓、大人物

4、2021/8/8 星期日6混合詞brunch:smog: 其他VS：XL:breakfast + lunch早午餐smoke + fog煙霧versus(=against)Brazil VS Chinaextra large2021/8/8 星期日7根據(jù)上下文猜測 沒有上下文，就沒有生詞的含義，不同的上下文會(huì)使一個(gè)相同的單詞含義截然不同。根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞常?？梢越柚ㄕZ從句、同位詞、并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等等來確定。2021/8/8 星期日8 利用解釋作為從上下文猜詞的線索,即根據(jù)定義猜詞. 對(duì)生詞的解釋,往往能夠明確地告訴我們這個(gè)詞的準(zhǔn)確意思。常用的關(guān)鍵詞和句型有： .means 表

5、示.的意思，意指 .is/are .是 ., which ., where .is/ are called 被叫做 2021/8/8 星期日9.is/are known as 被稱為.can be defined as 可被定以為 例如：(a) Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. 2021/8/8 星期日10(b) A linguist, an expert on languages, is alway

6、s listening.根據(jù)上下文,后一句是前面劃線部分生詞的定義(同位語),即語言學(xué)家.2021/8/8 星期日11利用舉例作為從上下文猜詞的線索。文章的作者常常通過列舉一些名詞或事例來說明他在文章中所用的一個(gè)詞。常見的關(guān)鍵詞有：such as 例如 like 像，如especially 尤其是 for instance 例如for example 例如 例如：Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. 2021/8/8 星期日12 利用重述作為上下文猜詞的線索。當(dāng)

7、作者不能肯定讀者能夠理解他的意思時(shí)，他會(huì)用另外一種方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。常見的用來表示重述的詞或短語有： to put it another way 換句話說or. 即，或者說that is 也就是說that is to say 也就是說in other words 換句話說2021/8/8 星期日13例如： (a).In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. (b) It will be very hard but also ve

8、ry brittlethat is , it will break easily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是脆的意思。2021/8/8 星期日14利用近義詞的線索。作者可能會(huì)用一個(gè)近義詞或者同義詞去解釋另一個(gè)更難的詞，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一段落中。 例如： At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the ban

9、k. 2021/8/8 星期日15 利用反義詞作為猜詞的線索。作者常常用反義詞來使文章更具表現(xiàn)力，我們可以利用反義詞作為線索去猜句中出現(xiàn)的生詞的意思。例如：Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，expand與contract相對(duì)應(yīng)，when heated與when cooled相對(duì)應(yīng)。因?yàn)榧訜崤c使冷卻是相反的動(dòng)作，那么expand與contract也應(yīng)該是相反的。2021/8/8 星期日16Music， for instance，was once as groups experience.For many peo

10、ple now， however, music is an individual experience.析:該句將人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)音樂的欣賞和過去對(duì)音樂的欣賞做比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)過去人們以群體的形式欣賞音樂而現(xiàn)在則單個(gè)人在家里欣賞。2021/8/8 星期日17利用對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞. 例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but 一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)的結(jié)論。20

11、21/8/8 星期日18利用因果關(guān)系猜詞.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.從后面的結(jié)果永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的。2021/8/8 星期日19歷年高考題2021/8/8 星期日201.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers

12、 found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(2004年NMET全國，廣東卷)2021/8/8 星期日2165.The underlined part “the colors turned

13、the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_.had weak effects on the customersB. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose interestD.attracted the customers strongly 通過因果法可知答案為C2021/8/8 星期日22.(NMET2003,C篇,65) Fermats Last Theorem(定理). First put forward by the Frenc

14、h mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechniqu

15、e.2021/8/8 星期日2365.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit peoples imagination. 解析:同義法由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使

16、得最具數(shù)學(xué)頭腦的科學(xué)家絞盡腦汁(beat)，并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等并列關(guān)系，據(jù)此推斷出baffle為使困惑、難倒、難以理解的意思。故答案為B。2021/8/8 星期日243.(NMET2002,E篇,74) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the under lined

17、 word hassle probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests2021/8/8 星期日25解析:反義法由前句的否定doesnt與后句的肯定can be這一對(duì)比關(guān)系，可以推斷出,為了慶祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻煩,可以買一個(gè)生日開心包。hassle的意思應(yīng)該與fun相反,而與difficulty, trouble等相近。故答

18、案為C。2021/8/8 星期日26One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. (NMET 2000)2021/8/8 星期日27 Which of the following can be used in pla

19、ce of “ Quite the reverse”? A. Quite right. B . True enough. C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite2021/8/8 星期日288. The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite. (NME

20、T 2001)2021/8/8 星期日29The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to _.A. cars in the market B. car renting firmsC. cars for rent D. car makersC2021/8/8 星期日30 (A) Recently, studies have been undertaken to determine if a relationship exists between violence on tel

21、evision and violence in the streets of America. More and better research is needed to assess fully the effects of exposure to violence on human behavior; Exercises2021/8/8 星期日31however, early results seem to indicate that certain elements of society are influenced negatively by what they see on tele

22、vision.The word assess could best be replaced byA. undertakenB. determineC. indicate D. influence 2021/8/8 星期日32 Remember that People on line may not be who they seem. Because you cant see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone who says th

23、at she is a 12-year-old girl. could really be an old man. (B)2021/8/8 星期日33making a wrong judgment aboutB. understanding somebody wronglyC. giving a wrong description ofD. forming a wrong opinion about2021/8/8 星期日34 (C) Im a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily. A. frighten B. brave and careless C. firm D. angry2021/8/8 星期日35 We live in a materialistic society and trained from our earlier days to try to get more. This materialistic opinion has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days learn knowledge only for their own benefit. Every