定語從句與非謂語動詞演示教學(xué)

1、定語從句與非謂語動詞精品資料二定語從句：定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞（被修飾的那個名詞或代詞）；第二看從句缺少什么成份 （如主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的引導(dǎo)詞。從句中所缺成份指人指物主語thatwhothatwhich賓語(thatwho whom)(thatwhich)時間狀語when =相應(yīng)的介詞 + which地點狀語Where =相應(yīng)的介詞 + which-的whose 或 of which注意：引導(dǎo)詞在介詞后，指人只能用whom指物只能用 which高考對定語從句的考查常涉及以下幾個方面：【考點6】正確區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)；理解關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句

2、中的作用；特別注意指代整個主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句，從意義上來說，是對主語的補(bǔ)充說明，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，先行詞和定語從句之間用逗號隔開，He makes great progress in his Englishlearning, which makes his mother very happy.I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; that

3、D. when; that (2004 北京東城 )【考點 7】關(guān)系代詞 that ， who， which 以及 as 的用法區(qū)別。指人時常只用who 不用 that 的情況；指物時只用 which 不用 that 的情況；只用 that 不用 which 的情況；關(guān)系代詞 as與 which 的用法區(qū)別；the same that 與the same as 的區(qū)別 :1 其中 that, who(whom) ，都可以指人，那么他們在指人時有什么區(qū)別呢。 本條記憶技巧：用who 不用 that的情況“ there be ”，“ones， anyone， nobody, those 被分”割。

4、 那里有 (there) 很多萬 (one)被那些人 (those)分割。 先行詞為 those, one, anyone, nobody 等詞時，用 who 不用 that,例如： The one who knows me well is Tom. 在分隔型定語從句中 ，若先行詞是人，用 who 不用 that, 例：A new teacher will come who will teach you German.在本句中，先行詞“teacher和”修飾限定它的從句“who will teach you German分”離，所以我們用who 不用 that。先行詞為 “ there be”

5、結(jié)構(gòu)的主語時，例如There is a man who wants to see you.在本句子當(dāng)中 a man 是 There is a man 這句當(dāng)中的主語，所以用 who 不用 that 2 其中， that 和 which 都可以指物，它們在指物時的區(qū)別：用 that 不用 which 先行詞前有形容詞最高級,序數(shù)詞 ,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last等修飾時，例如：I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行詞為all, few, noth

6、ing, everything, little, much等不定代詞時：He did all that he could do to help us. 主語以 who 或 which 開頭時Who is the man that just called you just now? 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語時China is not the country that is was. 既指人又指物時He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 2精品資料2, 先行詞表示物時, 用

7、which 不用 that 的情況 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,例如 :She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做介詞賓語時,例如 :He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.在上一例句中,引導(dǎo)詞 “ which作”了介詞 “ in的”賓語 ,所以不可以用“ that代”替 .關(guān)于 as1 在一些結(jié)構(gòu)，如“ such as ”“ the same as ”等結(jié)“構(gòu)as中，定as語”從句的引導(dǎo)詞經(jīng)常要用到as，例如This is n

8、ot such a book as I expected.the same as和 the same that 的區(qū)別。例句：This is the same tool as I used last time.This is the same tool that I used last time.在例句中，第一句的意思是這個工具和我上次用的一樣，但是第二句的意思是這就是我上次用的工具2 as 和 which 的比較相同點 ：兩者都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞都可以是整個句子，都可以在從句中做主語，賓語表語。不同點 : as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首和句尾，而which 引導(dǎo)的從句只可放在句尾

9、。as 還有正如、正象的意思。As Marx pointed out, labor created man himself.當(dāng)先行詞，雖然表示時間地點，但是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不是做狀語，而是做賓語時，不能用when, where 引導(dǎo)，而只能用 that, which 等引導(dǎo)。比較以下兩個句字：I will never forget the days when I first went to Beijing .I will never forget the days that (which) we spent togetherThere is no such place _ you dream o

10、f in all this world. (2004北京西城 5 月)A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as【考點 8】區(qū)別 that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句與 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時， that 是純連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分； that 引導(dǎo)定語從句時， that 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語等。比較：The news that they had won the game arrived soon.The news that you told me yesterday is true. Is this the reason _ at the

11、 meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春季 )A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained【考點 9】定語從句中謂語動詞須與先行詞在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致。He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship in three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been(2002 上海春季 )【考點 10】在先行詞為 time

12、 ，place， reason 時，?？捎?that 代替 when，where， why ，并常常省去。如： That was the reason (that) / why / for which he left home.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(2004 湖北 )A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which【考點 11】定語從句應(yīng)特別注意的幾個問題關(guān)系代詞 which例 1 The Greens will move into th

13、e new house next Monday, it will be completely finished A by the timeB by which timeC thatD which僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 3精品資料例 2 Water boils at 100, it changes to gasA at which temperatureB at whichC by which temperatureD by which析： which 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，在從句中除了作主語或賓語外，還可以作定語修飾名詞，常用于“介詞which名詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，相當(dāng)于 “and介詞

14、 this that名詞 ”。所以例 1 選 B；例 2 選 A 。關(guān)系副詞 when例 1 Could you suggest a time it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine例 2 Think of a time you were happiest(Senior3,L93)例 3 There was a time all scientists were willing to share their results（ Senior3,L3）A that B when C which D where析：當(dāng)先行詞為a time

15、(一段時間 )時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞常用when，而不采用 that，故以上例題均選 B。在我們課本中類似的句子還有：This was at a time when there was no radio, TV orcinema (Senior2,L70) It s about a time when there were black slaves in North America(Senior1,L53)關(guān)系代詞 but例： There is no one wishes peaceA whoB butC thatD whom析：本題句意為 “沒有人不希望和平。 ” but作關(guān)系代詞，在定語

16、從句中作主語。but 相當(dāng)于 who thatdont doesnt，but 本身含有否定意義。故本題選B。定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句及其他從句的混合例 1 It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhoodA which thatB that whereC which whichD where that析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，第一空應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞house。故本題選 A 。僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 4精品資料例 2The mee

17、ting was put off, was exactly we wantedAwhichwhichBasthatCwhichwhatDitthat析：由題意可知，第一空應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，第二空應(yīng)由what 引導(dǎo)表語從句。故本題選 C。非謂語動詞用法對比知識要點：1、動名詞做主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為，不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為。例如：Collecting information about children s health is his收job集有.關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的工作。It s necessarytodiscuss the problem wi

18、th an experienced teacher與.一位有經(jīng)驗的老師討論這個問題是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主語的句型有：1）It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do2）It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有：It s no good (use, fun) doing.It s (a) waste of time（one）s doing.It s wor

19、th while ingdo.4、動名詞作 need, want, require, be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。The washing-machine needs repairing（.或用： needs to be repaired）這臺洗衣機(jī)需要修理。The point wants referring to. 這一點要提到。This English novel is worth reading. 這本英文小說值得一讀。The situation in Russian required studying.俄國形式需要研究。5、 有些動詞后面既可跟動詞不定式，又可跟動名詞作

20、賓語，注意它們的不同意思。rememberdoing sthto do sth記得做過某事，（動作已記得去做某事（動作未發(fā)僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除謝謝 5精品資料發(fā)生）生）forget忘了做過某事（動作已發(fā)忘了去做某事（動作未發(fā)生）生）regret后悔過去做過的事遺憾地去做事mean意味著做某事意欲、打算做某事try試著做某事（看會發(fā)生什努力、設(shè)法、企圖做某事么）stop停止做某事停下來去做另一事go on繼續(xù)原來的事接著做另一件事can t help禁不住、情不自禁地做無法幫助去做某事某事learn學(xué)會做某事學(xué)著、開始學(xué)做某事need /某事需要被做（ = to be需要做某事

21、（主動意want/requiredone）思）6、不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后將要發(fā)生的動作。例如：He had a lot of work to do. 他有很多活要干。7、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別：動名詞做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作。a walking stick 拐杖（動名詞做定語，意為a stick for walking ）a sleeping car臥鋪車廂（動名詞做定語，意為a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太陽（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the sun which was rising）the changing world 變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the world which is changing）8、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞做定語表示完成或被動 的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示主動或進(jìn)行 的動作。如：a flying birdthe running watera well dressed woman衣著講究的女士（意同a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate停在門口的小汽車（意同a car