中國(guó)堅(jiān)持通過談判解決中國(guó)與菲律賓在南海的有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議 白皮書 中英對(duì)照

1、中國(guó)堅(jiān)持通過談判解決中國(guó)與菲律賓在南海的有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea（2016年7月）中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室July 2016The State Council Information Officeof the Peoples Republic of China目錄Contents引言Introduction一、南海諸島是中國(guó)固有

2、領(lǐng)土I. Nanhai Zhudao are Chinas Inherent（一）中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)是歷史上確立的i. Chinas sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is established in the course of history（二）中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)定維護(hù)在南海的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益ii. China has always been resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea（三）中國(guó)對(duì)

3、南海諸島的主權(quán)得到國(guó)際社會(huì)廣泛承認(rèn)iii. Chinas sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is widely acknowledged in the international community二、中菲南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的由來II. Origin of the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea（一）菲律賓非法侵占行為制造了中菲南沙島礁爭(zhēng)議i. The Philippines invasion and illegal occupation caused d

4、isputes with China over some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao（二）菲律賓的非法主張毫無歷史和法理依據(jù)ii. The Philippines illegal claim has no historical or legal basis（三）國(guó)際海洋法制度的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致中菲出現(xiàn)海洋劃界爭(zhēng)議iii. The development of the international law of the sea gave rise to the dispute between China and the Philippines over marit

5、ime delimitation三、中菲已就解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議達(dá)成共識(shí)III. China and the Philippines Have Reached Consensus on Settling Their Relevant Disputes in the South China Sea（一）通過談判解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議是中菲共識(shí)和承諾i. It is the consensus and commitment of China and the Philippines to settle through negotiation their relevant disputes in the Sou

6、th China Sea（二）妥善管控南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議是中菲之間的共識(shí)ii. It is the consensus of China and the Philippines to properly manage relevant disputes in the South China Sea四、菲律賓一再采取導(dǎo)致爭(zhēng)議復(fù)雜化的行動(dòng)IV. The Philippines Has Repeatedly Taken Moves that Complicate the Relevant Disputes（一）菲律賓企圖擴(kuò)大對(duì)中國(guó)南沙群島部分島礁的侵占i. The Philippines attempts

7、to entrench its illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of Chinas Nansha Qundao（二）菲律賓一再擴(kuò)大海上侵權(quán)ii. The Philippines has increasingly intensified its infringement of Chinas maritime rights and interests（三）菲律賓企圖染指中國(guó)黃巖島iii. The Philippines also has territorial pretensions on Chinas Huangyan Dao（四）菲律賓

8、單方面提起仲裁是惡意行為iv. The Philippines unilateral initiation of arbitration is an act of bad faith五、中國(guó)處理南海問題的政策V. Chinas Policy on the South China Sea Issue（一）關(guān)于南沙群島領(lǐng)土問題i. On the territorial issues concerning Nansha Qundao（二）關(guān)于南海海洋劃界問題ii. On maritime delimitation in the South China Sea（三）關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決方式iii. On th

9、e ways and means of dispute settlement（四）關(guān)于在南海管控分歧和開展海上務(wù)實(shí)合作iv. On managing differences and engaging in practical maritime cooperation in the South China Sea（五）關(guān)于南海航行自由和安全v. On freedom and safety of navigation in the South China Sea（六）關(guān)于共同維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定vi. On jointly upholding peace and stability in the So

10、uth China引言Introduction1. 南海位于中國(guó)大陸的南面，通過狹窄的海峽或水道，東與太平洋相連，西與印度洋相通，是一個(gè)東北西南走向的半閉海。南海北靠中國(guó)大陸和臺(tái)灣島，南接加里曼丹島和蘇門答臘島，東臨菲律賓群島，西接中南半島和馬來半島。1. Situated to the south of Chinas mainland, and connected by narrow straits and waterways with the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Indian Ocean to the west, the South Chin

11、a Sea is a semi-closed sea extending from northeast to southwest. To its north are the mainland and Taiwan Dao of China, to its south Kalimantan Island and Sumatra Island, to its east the Philippine Islands, and to its west the Indo-China Peninsula and the Malay Peninsula.2. 中國(guó)南海諸島包括東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島和南

12、沙群島。這些群島分別由數(shù)量不等、大小不一的島、礁、灘、沙等組成。其中，南沙群島的島礁最多，范圍最廣。2. Chinas Nanhai Zhudao (the South China Sea Islands) consist of Dongsha Qundao (the Dongsha Islands), Xisha Qundao (the Xisha Islands), Zhongsha Qundao (the Zhongsha Islands) and Nansha Qundao (the Nansha Islands). These 3. 中國(guó)人民在南海的活動(dòng)已有2000多年歷史。中國(guó)最早

13、發(fā)現(xiàn)、命名和開發(fā)利用南海諸島及相關(guān)海域，最早并持續(xù)、和平、有效地對(duì)南海諸島及相關(guān)海域行使主權(quán)和管轄。中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)和在南海的相關(guān)權(quán)益，是在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史過程中確立的，具有充分的歷史和法理依據(jù)。3. The activities of the Chinese people in the South China Sea date back to over 2,000 years ago. China is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and relevant water

14、s, and the first to have continuously, peacefully and effectively exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them. Chinas sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea have been established in the long course of history, and are solidly grounded in history

15、and law.4. 中國(guó)和菲律賓隔海相望，交往密切，人民世代友好，原本不存在領(lǐng)土和海洋劃界爭(zhēng)議。然而，自20世紀(jì)70年代起，菲律賓開始非法侵占南沙群島部分島礁，由此制造了中菲南沙群島部分島礁領(lǐng)土問題。此外，隨著國(guó)際海洋法的發(fā)展，兩國(guó)在南海部分海域還出現(xiàn)了海洋劃界爭(zhēng)議。4. As neighbors facing each other across the sea, China and the Philippines have closely engaged in exchanges, and the two peoples have enjoyed friendship over gener

16、ations. There had been no territorial or maritime delimitation disputes between the two states until the 1970s when the Philippines started to invade and illegally occupy some islands and reefs of Chinas Nansha Qundao, creating a territorial issue with China over these islands and reefs. In addition

17、, with the development of the international law of the sea, a maritime delimitation dispute also arose between the two states regarding certain maritime areas of the South China Sea5. 中菲兩國(guó)尚未舉行旨在解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的任何談判，但確曾就妥善處理海上爭(zhēng)議進(jìn)行多次磋商，就通過談判協(xié)商解決有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議達(dá)成共識(shí)，并在雙邊文件中多次予以確認(rèn)。雙方還在中國(guó)和東盟國(guó)家2002年共同簽署的南海各方行為宣言（以下簡(jiǎn)稱宣言）中就通過

18、談判協(xié)商解決有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議作出鄭重承諾。5. China and the Philippines have not yet had any negotiation designed to settle their relevant disputes in the South China Sea. However, the two countries did hold multiple rounds of consultations on the proper management of disputes at sea and reached consensus on resolving throug

19、h negotiation and consultation the relevant disputes, which has been repeatedly reaffirmed in a number of bilateral documents. The two countries have also made solemn commitment to settling relevant disputes through negotiation and consultation in the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in th

20、e South China Sea (DOC) that China and the ASEAN 6. 2013年1月，菲律賓共和國(guó)時(shí)任政府違背上述共識(shí)和承諾，單方面提起南海仲裁案。菲律賓把原本不屬于聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約（以下簡(jiǎn)稱公約）調(diào)整的領(lǐng)土問題，以及被中國(guó)2006年依據(jù)公約第298條作出的排除性聲明排除的海洋劃界等爭(zhēng)議加以曲解和包裝，構(gòu)成對(duì)公約爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的濫用。菲律賓妄圖借此否定中國(guó)在南海的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益。6. In January 2013, the then government of the Republic of the Philippines turned its back

21、on the above-mentioned consensus and commitment, and unilaterally initiated the South China Sea arbitration. The Philippines deliberately mischaracterized and packaged the territorial issue which is not subject to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the maritime delimita

22、tion dispute which has been excluded from the UNCLOS dispute settlement procedures by Chinas 2006 optional exceptions declaration pursuant to Article 298 of UNCLOS. This act is a wanton abuse of the UNCLOS dispute settlement procedures. In doing so, the Philippines attempts to deny Chinas territoria

23、l sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.7. 本文件旨在還原中菲南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的事實(shí)真相，重申中國(guó)在南海問題上的一貫立場(chǎng)和政策，溯本清源，以正視聽。7. This paper aims to clarify the facts and tell the truth behind the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea, and to reaffirm Chinas consist

24、ent position and policy on the South China Sea issue, in order to get to the root of the issue and set the record straight.一、南海諸島是中國(guó)固有領(lǐng)土I. Nanhai Zhudao are Chinas Inherent（一）中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)是歷史上確立的i. Chinas sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is established in the course of history8. 中國(guó)人民自古以來在南海諸島和相關(guān)海域生活和從事生產(chǎn)

25、活動(dòng)。中國(guó)最早發(fā)現(xiàn)、命名和開發(fā)利用南海諸島及相關(guān)海域，最早并持續(xù)、和平、有效地對(duì)南海諸島及相關(guān)海域行使主權(quán)和管轄，確立了對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)和在南海的相關(guān)權(quán)益。8. The Chinese people have since ancient times lived and engaged in production activities on Nanhai Zhudao and in relevant waters. China is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and

26、relevant waters, and the first to have continuously, peacefully and effectively exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them, thus establishing sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and the relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea.9. 早在公元前2世紀(jì)的西漢時(shí)期，中國(guó)人民就在南海航行，并在長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)了南海諸島。9. As early as th

27、e 2nd century BCE in the Western Han Dynasty, the Chinese people sailed in the South China Sea and discovered Nanhai Zhudao in the long course of activities.10. 中國(guó)歷史古籍，例如東漢的異物志、三國(guó)時(shí)期的扶南傳、宋代的夢(mèng)粱錄和嶺外代答、元代的島夷志略、明代的東西洋考和順風(fēng)相送、清代的指南正法和海國(guó)聞見錄等，不僅記載了中國(guó)人民在南海的活動(dòng)情況，而且記錄了南海諸島的地理位置和地貌特征、南海的水文和氣象特點(diǎn)，以很多生動(dòng)形象的名稱為南海諸島命名

28、，如“漲海崎頭”、“珊瑚洲”、“九乳螺洲”、“石塘”、“千里石塘”、“萬(wàn)里石塘”、“長(zhǎng)沙”、“千里長(zhǎng)沙”、“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)沙”等。10. A lot of Chinese historical literatures chronicle the activities of the Chinese people in the South China Sea. These books include, among others, Yi Wu Zhi (An Account of Strange Things) published in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), F

29、u Nan Zhuan (An Account of Fu Nan) during the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280), Meng Liang Lu (Record of a Daydreamer) and Ling Wai Dai Da (Notes for the Land beyond the Passes) in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), Dao Yi Zhi Le (A Brief Account of the Islands) in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), Dong

30、 Xi Yang Kao (Studies on the Oceans East and West) and Shun Feng Xiang Song (Fair Winds for Escort) in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and Zhi Nan Zheng Fa (Compass Directions) and Hai Guo Wen Jian Lu (Records of Things Seen and Heard about the Coastal Regions) in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). These bo

31、oks also record the geographical locations and geomorphologic characteristics of Nanhai Zhudao as well as hydrographical and meteorological conditions of the South China Sea. These books record vividly descriptive names the Chinese people gave to Nanhai Zhudao, such as Zhanghaiqitou (twisted atolls

32、on the rising sea), Shanhuzhou (coral cays), Jiuruluozhou (nine isles of cowry), Shitang (rocky reefs), Qianlishitang (thousand-li rocky reefs), Wanlishitang (ten thousand-li rocky reefs), Changsha (long sand cays), Qianlichangsha (thousand-li sand cays), and Wanlichangsha (ten thousand-li sand cays

33、).11. 中國(guó)漁民在開發(fā)利用南海的歷史過程中還形成一套相對(duì)固定的南海諸島命名體系：如將島和沙洲稱為“峙”，將礁稱為“鏟”、“線”、“沙”，將環(huán)礁稱為“匡”、“圈”、“塘”，將暗沙稱為“沙排”等。明清時(shí)期形成的更路簿是中國(guó)漁民往來于中國(guó)大陸沿海地區(qū)和南海諸島之間的航海指南，以多種版本的手抄本流傳并沿用至今；記錄了中國(guó)人民在南海諸島的生活和生產(chǎn)開發(fā)活動(dòng)，記載了中國(guó)漁民對(duì)南海諸島的命名。其中對(duì)南沙群島島、礁、灘、沙的命名至少有70余處，有的用羅盤方位命名，如丑未（渚碧礁）、東頭乙辛（蓬勃暗沙）；有的用特產(chǎn)命名，如赤瓜線（赤瓜礁）、墨瓜線（南屏礁）；有的用島礁形狀命名，如鳥串（仙娥礁）、雙擔(dān)（信義礁

34、）；有的用某種實(shí)物命名，如鍋蓋峙（安波沙洲）、秤鉤峙（景宏島）；有的以水道命名，如六門沙（六門礁）。11. The Chinese fishermen have developed a relatively fixed naming system for the various components of Nanhai Zhudao in the long process of exploration and exploitation of the South China Sea. Under this system, islands and shoals have become known

35、as Zhi; reefs Chan, Xian, or Sha; atolls Kuang, Quan or Tang; and banks Shapai. Geng Lu Bu (Manual of Sea Routes), a kind of navigation guidebook for Chinese fishermens journeys between the coastal regions of Chinas mainland and Nanhai Zhudao, came into being and circulation in the Ming and Qing Dyn

36、asties, and has been handed down in various editions and versions of handwritten copies and is still in use even today. It shows that the Chinese people lived and carried out production activities on, and how they named Nanhai Zhudao. Geng Lu Bu records names for at least 70 islands, reefs, shoals a

37、nd cays of Nansha Qundao. Some were named after compass directions in Chinese renditions, such as Chouwei (Zhubi Jiao) and Dongtou Yixin (Pengbo Ansha); some were named after local aquatic products in the surrounding waters such as Chigua Xian (Chigua Jiao, chigua means red sea cucumber) and Mogua X

38、ian (Nanping Jiao, mogua means black sea cucumber); some were named after their shapes, such as Niaochuan (Xiane Jiao, niaochuan means bird string) and Shuangdan (Xinyi Jiao, shuangdan means shoulder poles); some were named after physical objects, such as Guogai Zhi (Anbo Shazhou, guogai means pot c

39、over) and Chenggou Zhi (Jinghong Dao, chenggou means steelyard hook); still some were named after waterways such as Liumen Sha (Liumen Jiao, liumen means six doorways).12. 中國(guó)人民對(duì)南海諸島的命名，部分被西方航海家引用并標(biāo)注在一些19至20世紀(jì)權(quán)威的航海指南和海圖中。如Namyit（鴻庥島）、Sin Cowe（景宏島）、Subi（渚碧礁）來源于海南方言發(fā)音“南乙”、“秤鉤”、“丑未”。12. Some of the name

40、s given by the Chinese people to Nanhai Zhudao were adopted by Western navigators and marked in some authoritative navigation guidebooks and charts published in the 19th and 20th centuries. For instance, Namyit (Hongxiu Dao), Sin Cowe (Jinghong Dao) and Subi (Zhubi Jiao) originate from Nanyi, Chengg

41、ou and Chouwei as pronounced in Hainan dialects.13. 大量歷史文獻(xiàn)和文物資料證明，中國(guó)人民對(duì)南海諸島及相關(guān)海域進(jìn)行了持續(xù)不斷的開發(fā)和利用。明清以來，中國(guó)漁民每年乘東北信風(fēng)南下至南沙群島海域從事漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)，直至次年乘西南信風(fēng)返回大陸。還有部分中國(guó)漁民常年留居島上，站峙捕撈、挖井汲水、墾荒種植、蓋房建廟、飼養(yǎng)禽畜等。根據(jù)中外史料記載和考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，南沙群島部分島礁上曾有中國(guó)漁民留下的作物、水井、房屋、廟宇、墓塚和碑刻等。13. Numerous historical documents and objects prove that the Chine

42、se people have explored and exploited in a sustained way Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters. Starting from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese fishermen sailed southward on the northeasterly monsoon to Nansha Qundao and relevant waters for fishery production activities and returned on the southweste

43、rly monsoon to the mainland the following year. Some of them lived on the islands for years, going for fishing, digging wells for fresh water, cultivating land and farming, building huts and temples, and raising livestock. Chinese and foreign historical literature as well as archaeological finds sho

44、w that there were crops, wells, huts, temples, tombs and tablet inscriptions left by Chinese fishermen on some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao.14. 許多外國(guó)文獻(xiàn)記錄了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)只有中國(guó)人在南沙群島生產(chǎn)生活的事實(shí)。14. Many foreign documents also recorded the fact that during a long period of time only Chinese lived and worked on

45、 Nansha Qundao.15. 1868年出版的英國(guó)海軍部中國(guó)海指南提到南沙群島鄭和群礁時(shí)指出：“海南漁民，以捕取海參、介殼為活，各島都有其足跡，也有久居島礁上的”，“在太平島上的漁民要比其他島上的漁民生活得更加舒適，與其他島相比，太平島上的井水要好得多”。1906年的中國(guó)海指南以及1912年、1923年、1937年等各版中國(guó)航海志多處載明中國(guó)漁民在南沙群島上生產(chǎn)生活。15. The China Sea Directory published in 1868 by order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty of the Unite

46、d Kingdom, when referring to Zhenghe Qunjiao of Nansha Qundao, observed that Hainan fishermen, who subsist by collecting trepang and tortoise-shell, were found upon most of these islands, some of whom remain for years amongst the reefs, and that the fishermen upon Itu-Aba island Taiping Dao were mor

47、e comfortably established than the others, and the water found in the well on that island was better than elsewhere. The China Sea Directory published in 1906 and The China Sea Pilot in its 1912, 1923 and 1937 editions made in many parts explicit records of the Chinese fishermen living and working o

48、n Nansha Qundao.16. 1933年9月在法國(guó)出版的彩繪殖民地世界雜志記載：南沙群島9島之中，惟有華人（海南人）居住，華人之外并無他國(guó)人。當(dāng)時(shí)西南島（南子島）上計(jì)有居民7人，中有孩童2人；帝都島（中業(yè)島）上計(jì)有居民5人；斯帕拉島（南威島）計(jì)有居民4人，較1930年且增加1人；羅灣島（南鑰島）上，有華人所留之神座、茅屋、水井；伊都阿巴島（太平島），雖不見人跡，而發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)字碑，大意謂運(yùn)糧至此，覓不見人，因留藏于鐵皮（法文原文為石頭）之下；其他各島，亦到處可見漁人居住之蹤跡。該雜志還記載，太平島、中業(yè)島、南威島等島嶼上植被茂盛，有水井可飲用，種有椰子樹、香蕉樹、木瓜樹、菠蘿、青菜、土豆

49、等，蓄養(yǎng)有家禽，適合人類居住。16. The French magazine Le Monde Colonial Illustr published in September 1933 contains the following records: Only Chinese people (Hainan natives) lived on the nine islands of Nansha Qundao and there were no people from other countries. Seven were on Nanzi Dao (South West Cay), two of

50、 them were children. Five lived on Zhongye Dao (Thitu Island); four lived on Nanwei Dao (Spratly Island), one person more over that of 1930. There were worship stands, thatched cottages and wells left by the Chinese on Nanyao Dao (Loaita Island17. 1940年出版的日本文獻(xiàn)暴風(fēng)之島和1925年美國(guó)海軍航道測(cè)量署發(fā)行的亞洲領(lǐng)航（第四卷）等也記載了中國(guó)漁民

51、在南沙群島生產(chǎn)生活的情況。17. Japanese literature Boufuu No Shima (Stormy Island18. 中國(guó)是最早開始并持續(xù)對(duì)南海諸島及相關(guān)海上活動(dòng)進(jìn)行管理的國(guó)家。歷史上，中國(guó)通過行政設(shè)治、水師巡視、資源開發(fā)、天文測(cè)量、地理調(diào)查等手段，對(duì)南海諸島和相關(guān)海域進(jìn)行了持續(xù)、和平、有效的管轄。18. China is the first to have continuously exercised authority over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant maritime activities. In history, China has

52、 exercised jurisdiction in a continuous, peaceful and effective manner over Nanhai Zhudao and in relevant waters through measures such as establishment of administrative setups, naval patrols, resources development, astronomical observation and geographical survey.19. 例如，宋代，中國(guó)在兩廣地區(qū)設(shè)有經(jīng)略安撫使，總綏南疆。宋代曾公亮

53、在武經(jīng)總要中提到中國(guó)為加強(qiáng)南海海防，設(shè)立巡海水師，巡視南海。清代明誼編著的瓊州府志、鐘元棣編著的崖州志等著作都把“石塘”、“長(zhǎng)沙”列入“海防”條目。19. For instance, in the Song Dynasty, China established a post of Jing Le An Fu Shi (Imperial Envoy for Management and Pacification) in the regions now known as Guangdong and Guangxi to govern the southern territory. It is me

54、ntioned in Zeng Gongliangs Wujing Zongyao (Outline Record of Military Affairs) that, in order to strengthen defense in the South China Sea, China established naval units to conduct patrols therein. In the Qing Dynasty, Ming Yis Qiongzhou Fuzhi (Chronicle of Qiongzhou Prefecture), Zhong Yuandis Yazho

55、u Zhi (Chronicle of Yazhou Prefecture) and others all listed Shitang and Changsha under the items of maritime defense.20. 中國(guó)很多官修地方志，如廣東通志、瓊州府志、萬(wàn)州志等，在“疆域”或“輿地山川”條目中有“萬(wàn)州有千里長(zhǎng)沙、萬(wàn)里石塘”或類似記載。20. Many of Chinas local official records, such as Guangdong Tong Zhi (General Chronicle of Guangdong), Qiongzhou Fu

56、 Zhi (Chronicle of Qiongzhou Prefecture) and Wanzhou Zhi (Chronicle of Wanzhou), contain in the section on territory or geography, mountains and waters a statement that Wanzhou covers Qianlichangsha and Wanlishitang or something similar.21. 中國(guó)歷代政府還在官方地圖上將南海諸島標(biāo)繪為中國(guó)領(lǐng)土。1755年皇清各直省分圖之天下總輿圖、1767年大清萬(wàn)年一統(tǒng)天下圖

57、、1810年大清萬(wàn)年一統(tǒng)地理全圖、1817年大清一統(tǒng)天下全圖等地圖均將南海諸島繪入中國(guó)版圖。21. The successive Chinese governments have marked Nanhai Zhudao as Chinese territory on official maps, such as the 1755 Tian Xia Zong Yu Tu (General Map of Geography of the All-under-heaven) of the Huang Qing Ge Zhi Sheng Fen Tu (Map of the Provinces Di

58、rectly under the Imperial Qing Authority), the 1767 Da Qing Wan Nian Yi Tong Tian Xia Tu (Map of the Eternally Unified All-under-heaven of the Great Qing Empire), the 1810 Da Qing Wan Nian Yi Tong Di Li Quan Tu (Map of the Eternally Unified Great Qing Empire) and the 1817 Da Qing Yi Tong Tian Xia Qu

59、an Tu (Map of the Unified All-under-heaven of the Great Qing Empire).22. 歷史事實(shí)表明，中國(guó)人民一直將南海諸島和相關(guān)海域作為生產(chǎn)和生活的場(chǎng)所，從事各種開發(fā)利用活動(dòng)。中國(guó)歷代政府也持續(xù)、和平、有效地對(duì)南海諸島實(shí)施管轄。在長(zhǎng)期歷史過程中，中國(guó)確立了對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)和在南海的相關(guān)權(quán)益，中國(guó)人民早已成為南海諸島的主人。22. Historical facts show that the Chinese people have all along taken Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters as

60、a ground for living and production, where they have engaged in exploration and exploitation activities in various forms. The successive Chinese governments have exercised jurisdiction over Nanhai Zhudao in a continuous, peaceful and effective manner. In the course of history, China has established s