高考英語語法精品教案：專題11名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句始終備受高考命題者的關(guān)注,近幾年來的高考題主要考查在詳細(xì)語境中連接詞的挑選,特殊是連接詞what和 that的辨析,以及 whether 與 if 表示“是否 ”時的區(qū)分；因此,正確區(qū)分名詞 性從句的類型,依據(jù)在從句中的作用和所表達(dá)的意義,確定恰當(dāng)?shù)?連接詞是一輪復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)；此外,名詞性從句和定語從句的辨析,也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)；一、熟悉各種名詞性從句 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別作句子的主語、表語、賓語和 同位語；因此,名詞性從句詳細(xì)分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從 句和同位語從句；名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞 that / whether / / if ,連接 代詞 what / wh

2、om/ which / whose / whatever whoever / whomever / whichever ,連接副詞 where / when / why / how ；從名詞性從句在句中所起的作用來說,名詞性從句是句子不行缺少 的一部分,和句子的其他成分之間也不會用逗號隔開；而定語從句 和狀語從句是句子中的修飾成分,去掉之后不會影響句子主體結(jié)構(gòu) 的完整性；這是判定是否是名詞性從句最主要的特點(diǎn)；如：1 / 22 I wonder how much these shoes cost. 賓語從句,不行省 去 He is the very man I look after. 定語從句,

3、修飾 the man You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 狀 語從句 1主語從句 Who will go is not important. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. 形式主語 it 代替后面的真正的主語從句 留意： that 引導(dǎo)主語從句放于句首時,不能省略；That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 2表語從句The question was who could go t

4、here. My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work. That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet. It looked as if it was going to rain. 3 . 賓語從句 I hope that everything is all right. 留意： 1that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,常可省略,但假如有兩個以上的賓語從句時,最終一個從句的that不能省略；如：I know that he has just graduated from college

5、and that 2 / 22 he is looking for a job. 2 假如動詞賓語后又有補(bǔ)語,那么要使用it作形式賓語,然后把賓語從句放在補(bǔ)語之后；如：I make it known that well be invited to the ball. 3 假如主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是一般過去時,那么從句的時態(tài)要采納相應(yīng)的與過去有關(guān)的時態(tài),但假如從句描述的是客觀事實(shí),從句時態(tài)不行調(diào)整 “呼應(yīng)”；如：She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate. Our teacher said that light t

6、ravels faster than sound. 4同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise 等之后,說明該名詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容；如：I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 留意：在動詞：一堅(jiān)持 insist 、二命令 order ,command、三建議suggest , advise , recommend 、 四 要 求 demand , re

7、quire ,request ,ask后的賓語從句和這些動詞的過去分詞后的主語從句,以及這些動詞的名詞引出的表語從句和同位語從句中,謂語部分常3 / 22 用shoulddo 形式；如：He insisted that he should try once again. His advice is that everyone should do his best to help the poor girl. It is required that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures. 二、名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的連接詞是

8、名詞性從句中最核心的問題,也是高考 的?？键c(diǎn)；連接詞的挑選要考慮它在從句中的作用和所表達(dá)的意 義；在句中所連接詞詞義例句作成分The problem is 從that / / that we dont have屬enough money.連詞if/ 是否/ The question is whether whether they have so much money.4 / 22 在句中所連接詞詞義例句作成分連who/原 疑 問 代 詞 的Pay attention 意義； what更to what the whom/常 表 示 ： the 主 語 、 賓teacher said. which

9、/thing that / 語、表Who kept the whose/the that 語、定語door open all 接what所 的 東 西night was 代whoever/ unknown.詞Whoever 無論誰 / 無論哪主 語 、 賓breaks the law whomever個 些 / 無論什語、表will be punished. / whichYou can take ever/ 么語、定語whichever book whatever you like. 在句中連接詞詞義所作成例句分5 / 22 原疑問副詞的意義或“ 的時間 the time When he w

10、ill go is unknown. I wonder why 連when/ when； 的 地 點(diǎn)狀語he tried to avoid 接the place me. where/ 副where ； 的緣由This room is why/ how 詞the reason where I was why ”； 的 方 式born. This is how we 1what 與 that the way thatwork. 1 【誤】 All what he did was for you. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did wa

11、s for you. 2 【誤】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I could do for you. 【解讀】what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,what 相當(dāng)于 the thing that/ the that/ all that 等,詳細(xì)的意義要依據(jù)上下文確定；在名詞性從句中,what 既有意義,又在從句中作肯定的成分,而that 無意義,且在從句中不作成分；2who 與 whoever 6 / 22 【誤】 Who is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】

12、Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift. 【解讀】whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,意為“無論誰 ”,相當(dāng)于anyone who ；而 who 意為“誰”；3whether 與 if 1 【誤】 They dont know if to go there. 【正】 They dont know whether to go there. 【誤】 It depends on if we have enough time. 2 【正】 It depe

13、nds on whether we have enough time. 【解讀】 在以下情形只能用whether不能用 if ：作介詞賓語時,連接詞一般用whether ；It all depends on whether they will come back. 后面直接跟 or not 時,用 whether ；I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中,只能用whether ；Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided ye

14、t. The question is whether they have so much time. whether可與動詞不定式連用,但if 不能；I have not decided whether to go or not. whether可引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句,表示“不管,無論 ”,而 if7 / 22 不能；Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. 4whoever 與 whomever 【誤】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please

15、 give the book to whoever needs it most. 【解讀】此處, whoever在從句中作主語,因此不能用whomever ；名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的挑選要留意其意義及它在從句中所 作的成分；5【誤】 He will win the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 【解讀】 that 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不能省略；6【誤】 What we bought was some bananas

16、. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas. 【解讀】 what 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時,如表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語 動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)；7名詞性從句的語序【誤】 So now you know what should you do. 【正】 So now you know what you should do. 【解讀】 名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語序；8 【誤】 Theres a fact that English is being accepted as an important language. 8 / 22 【正】Its a fact that English is be

17、ing accepted as an important language. 【解讀】 It is a fact that 句型中, It 為形式主語,真正的主語為后面的 that從句； it 不能換成 there ；9【誤】 He is late. Thats why he got up late this morning.【正】He is late. Thats because he got up late this morning. 【解讀】 Thats why 的緣由； Thats because 那是因?yàn)?此處起床晚是遲到的緣由,故用Thats because10【誤】 Well d

18、iscuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium. 【 正 】Well discuss the problem when/whether the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium. 【解讀】 假如用 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句意義不完整,這時可根據(jù)情形選用 whether, when 等；12022全國卷 We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A

19、that B which C what D where 【解讀】 D where 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；22022北京卷 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _it got any 9 / 22 better.Awhen B how Cwhy D if 【解讀】 D 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的挑選；句意為：最初他 不喜愛這份新工作,但是他打算給自己幾個月的時間來看一下這份工作是否會變得更好；所以用if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句；32022全國卷 Have you finished

20、 the book. discover No. Ive read up to _ the children the secret cave. Awhich B what C that D where 【解讀】 D 考查賓語從句連接詞；答句句意為：我已經(jīng)讀到孩子們發(fā)覺神奇地窖的部分；where 引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng) up to 的賓語,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)概念；42022福建卷 We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. Athat B which C w

21、hat D whether 【解讀】C 考查引導(dǎo)詞；句意為：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)敬重食物,考慮那些沒有我們擁有的東西并很好地對待食物的人們；who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 the people ,定語從句中又含有一個賓語從句,這個賓語從句中 we have 缺少賓語,所以用what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句；5 _ the flight to New York will be delayed is _Im especially worried about. 10 / 22 AIf; what BWhether; that CWhen; that DWhether; what 【解讀】 D 句意為：到紐約的航班是否會被耽擱

22、是我特殊擔(dān)心的事情；放在句首的主語從句表“是否”要用 whether 引導(dǎo),而不能用 if ,what 引導(dǎo)表語從句；表示所擔(dān)憂的事情；選 D；62022重慶卷 To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. Awhoever Bwho Cwhichever Dwhich 【解讀】 A 考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞；句意為：為了提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,我們向任何使用過我們產(chǎn)品的人征求看法；這里可以表示“任何人”的只有 whoever ,引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中作主語；正常語序應(yīng)為 as

23、ked whoever had used the products for suggestions；72022北 京 卷 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. AWhether BWhat C That D How 【解 讀】B此題考 查主語從句的引 導(dǎo)詞；在主語從 句_some people regard as a drawback 語,選 B；中,regard 缺少賓8. 2022北 京 卷 I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside.Awho

24、Bwhere C what D how 11 / 22 【解讀】C 此題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞；for 后跟賓語從句,從句中 am 后缺少表語,故用 what ,相當(dāng)于一個名詞加 that ；92022 北京卷 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel ,David Copperfield ,was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. Awhat B that C why D whether 【解讀】 B 此題考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞；當(dāng) the reason 作主語,

25、后面接表語從句時,習(xí)慣上用 that 來連接；10Mum is coming. What present_ for your birthday.Ayou expect she has got Byou expect has she got Cdo you expect she has got Ddo you expect has she got 【 解 讀 】C考 查 雙 重 疑 問 句 , 疑 問 詞 do you think/believe/expect句子的其他成分 句子用陳述句語序 ；11People believe that there is no doubt _a cure for

26、 H1N1 has been found. Awhich B that C what D whether 【解讀】 B考查同位語從句； There is no doubt that為固定句型, that 在從句中不充當(dāng)成分；122022江蘇卷 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. 12 / 22 Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.Awhere B how Cwhen D what 【解讀】A此題考查名詞性從句；w

27、here引導(dǎo)表語從句,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；留意agree 是不及物動詞；13 Father made a promise _I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary. Athat B if C whether D that if 【解讀】Dthat引導(dǎo)同位語從句；在同位語從句中又含有一個由 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；14 _ children should learn from around us is a question of great importance. AWhere B Whom C When D How

28、【解讀】 B 考查對句式和引導(dǎo)詞的判定才能；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可排除 A、C、D,也可依據(jù)句意 “孩子們該向誰學(xué)習(xí) ”得知答案；15Alice looks blue today. Yes, I asked her, but she wouldnt say _ troubled her. Awhy was it that Cit was what Bthat was why Dwhat it was that 【解讀】D考查賓語從句的語序和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；句意為：“愛麗絲今日顯得懊喪；” “是的,我問她為何,她沒說到底是什么讓她 13 / 22 難過； ”162022浙江卷 How about campin

29、g this weekend,just for a change.OK,_you want. Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever 【解讀】 C 句意： “這個周末野營怎么樣,來點(diǎn)新奇的？” “好啊,按你的意思吧！ ”答語中謂語動詞 want 缺少賓語,排除 B、D項(xiàng)； whichever 需要在語境中給出詳細(xì)范疇,所以排除 A 項(xiàng)；whatever 等于 anything that；172022陜西卷 It never occurred to me _you could succeed in persuading him to change his m

30、ind. Awhich B what C that D if 【解讀】C此題考查名詞性從句中的主語從句；It 為形式主語,真正的主語從句中不缺任何成分,依據(jù)句子意思,只需要用that 連接；18 2022四 川 卷 How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with , whether his friends or relatives. Awhat B who Chow D why 【解讀】B考查連詞詞義辨析；賓語從句中with缺少賓語,whether his friends or relatives示

31、意缺少的是指人的賓語；14 / 22 19 You know, Im English, and poor in Chinese; you are not good at Thats _ we should help each other. Awhen B where C how D that 【解讀】B考查名詞性從句；where引導(dǎo)的從句作表語,where 意為“ 的地方 ”；20 The free tickets will go to _ comes first to the concert. Awhoever Bwhomever Cwhichever Dno matter who 【解讀】

32、A 此題考查名詞性從句；題干句子空白處用whoever 連接賓語從句同時在賓語從句中作主語,指人；句意為：免費(fèi)票將送給第一個來聽音樂會的聽眾,不管他是誰；留意 no matter who 只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句,不能連接名詞性從句；1 2022陜西西安分科質(zhì)檢 After working on the maths problem for hours,he found_he thought was the key to it.Awhat Bthat Cwhere Dwhich 解讀：what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作 found 的賓語從句的主語,15 / 22 而且 what 在賓語從句中作主語； he

33、thought 為插入語；答案：A 22022 濟(jì)南其次次統(tǒng)考 The hospital nearby has just got a,_ you d call it,er.a scanner.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dhow 解讀：考查名詞性從句；該句比較口語化；句意是“鄰近的醫(yī)院剛搞來一個 你們叫它什么 對,掃描器 ”；答案：C Sometimes advertisements make3 2022濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測possible for companies to sell the customers _money can not buy.A/ ；that Bit ；what Ct

34、hat ；which Dit ；whose 解讀：句意為：有時廣告讓公司把用錢買不到的東西賣給顧客變得可能； it 是形式賓語,真正的賓語是不定式短語；what 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,并在賓語從句中作賓語；答案：B 4 2022 四川綿陽模擬 Most of_we call geniuses 天 才 are successful only because they have made 16 / 22 extraordinary efforts.Awhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhat 解讀：分析句子成分可知 of 后的賓語從句中,動詞 call 后面缺少英語補(bǔ)足語,故用 what 引導(dǎo)；答案

35、：D 5 2022寧夏銀川調(diào)研 She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever 解讀：句意為：她對我們彌足寶貴；我們已經(jīng)預(yù)備好盡一切努力挽救她的生命；這里的 whatever 既作 take 的賓語,也引導(dǎo)do 后的賓語從句；答案：C 62022 西城 5 月Why are you staring at me. You look stupid ！The way you wear is_annoys me most

36、.Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhat 解讀：考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞；所選關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)一個表17 / 22 語從句,并在從句中作主語,所以要用 what ；答案：D 72022 湖北武漢聯(lián)考 Faced with trouble or difficulty,a person takes _help that is available.Awhatever Bwhenever Cwherever Dhowever 解讀：句意為：面對困難或挫折,一個人會接受任何可能得到的幫忙； whatever 在此修飾 help ,意為 “無論什么 ”,而其他三個選項(xiàng),不作形容詞,不能修飾名詞,故排除

37、；答案：A 浙 江 溫 州 聯(lián) 考 The fact has worried many 8 2022scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dthough 解讀：句意為：近年地球越來越暖的事實(shí)讓很多科學(xué)家擔(dān)心 ； 從 句 “the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years 不缺少成分,因此選 C 項(xiàng)；that 引導(dǎo)的從句作 fact 的同位語；答案：C 18 / 22 92022日照市調(diào)研考試 Do you know her. I can t No.Her name rings a bell but remember_I read it before.Awhere Bwhat Cthat Dif 解讀：考查名詞性從句；答語語意是：我不熟悉她；她的名字似乎很熟,但我想不起來在哪兒見到過了；A、B、C 三