詞匯學(xué)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法

1、詞匯學(xué)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法第1頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三轉(zhuǎn)化法 Conversion 英語中有些單詞,詞形不變, 詞性卻可以由一種轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種。這就是轉(zhuǎn)化。單詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的意義往往與未轉(zhuǎn)換前的意義有密切的聯(lián)系。也叫做“零位后綴派生法”或“零位派生法”；第2頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三tasten. 味道v.嘗起來It has a good taste.It taste very good.record n.記錄v. 記錄He broke the record.He lies to record something while reading a bo

2、ok.第3頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三轉(zhuǎn)化法名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞其他詞類之間的轉(zhuǎn)化第4頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三 water, drop, hard, show, face, walk, visit, lateCould you _me the position of the station on the map ?A lot of ancient things are on _in the museum. Flowers should be _every day.Its important fo

3、r our human beings to save _._in the countryside is very comfortable.The old man often have a _after supper.She studies _than any other students in her class. The problem was too _ for us to work it out.第5頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三water, drop, hard, show, face, walk, visit, lateWhat is the _news t

4、oday ?She came to school _ this morning.Her parents were on a _to Xinjiang.The Great Wall is _by millions of people every year.There was a big smile on the teachers _.The little girl was crying because she was _a tiger.We _in on one of our friends last Saturday. A _of ink fell onto his clothes.第6頁，共

5、20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞表示物品、器具和地點的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞，表示把放人，或置于之中。如：The books have already been shelved.表示人物稱呼的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞表示具有這類人的典型特征。如：Whenever I am sick, my mother doctors me and nurses me carefully.表示人體各部分的名詞幾乎都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞，通常用來表示工具。如：He tried very hard to elbow his way to the front.表示動物，植物及其典型動作的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞時，有

6、很強的隱喻含義。如：The company has branched out all over the world.表示物質(zhì)和實物的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞通常表示結(jié)果，具有“使成為”，或“把變成”的含義.如：Where can we cash some money? 抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。如：We are angered by his unruly behavior.表示時間的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。如：He has been dating the pretty girl for about five years.第7頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三練習(xí)Have you booked y

7、our ticket？ It can seat a thousand people. Well back you up. Well head for Yunnan tomorrow. If so, we shall be badly fooled. We were hosted by members of the embassy. This helped to bridge over our difficulties.For six days and nights they battled to save his life.Through my childhood, I had hungere

8、d for education.Over 1,000 students stormed into the building.第8頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞1) 大多數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化動詞既可以用作及物動詞，表示to make，也可以用作不及物動詞，表示to become，如:emptyto makeempty: The boy empties the litter bin everyday.to became empty: The room emptied quickly after school.類似的詞還有：calm, warm, narrow, clea

9、r, dim, cool等等。2）有的形容詞只能轉(zhuǎn)化為及物動詞，如bare(暴露)、free（釋放）、humble（降低身份）、blind（使失明）。如：She freed the bird from the cage.We will never humble ourselves to talk to this stupid man.第9頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三練習(xí)(1)The train slowed down to half its speed.(2)This is the chief way of narrowing the differences bet

10、ween them.(3)Please warm up the dish over the stove.(4)The room gradually quieted down.(5)Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.(6)Nothing dries sooner than a tear.(7)Shelly was unable to calm her. (8)They braved the bitter cold to complete the railway.(9)Most of these rivers empty into th

11、e Pacific Ocean.(10)Dont dirty your clothes. (11)He felt himself wronged.(12)The newspaper had been yellowed by sunlight.(13)He lowered his voice. 第10頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三3.其他此類轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞1)由副詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的動詞如：She downed a glass of milk.2)由連詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的動詞如：But me no buts.第11頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞 轉(zhuǎn)化后詞

12、形不變，詞義基本保持原來的含義或略微有所引申。如：Every student has a say here. 這類名詞前加不定冠詞表示一個動詞時，常常和get，give，have，take等連用，常構(gòu)成動詞短語。如：have a swim/drink/talk/disputemake a deal/guess/survey/showtake a look/walk/glance/restgive a cry/laugh/grunt/start多數(shù)直接轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞和加后綴構(gòu)成的名詞之間具有一些微妙的差別。轉(zhuǎn)化名詞通常表示的是某一次的短暫動作或狀態(tài);而派生的詞則表示一般現(xiàn)象或通常發(fā)生的動作，如:Ou

13、r next move will be decided very soon.He stands in front of the audience without movement.第12頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞可分為兩類，一類是完全轉(zhuǎn)化(full conversion), 另一類是部分轉(zhuǎn)化(partial conversion)完全轉(zhuǎn)化：完全轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的形容詞具有名詞的全部特征，能作不可數(shù)名詞表示抽象概念，能加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，加s構(gòu)成所有格，也可以用形容詞來修飾。如：blackblackthe blacks the blacks tr

14、adition the injured black一些表示有某些特征或表示有某種信仰，某一國籍或某一組織的人稱名詞很多來自形容詞，如：American, Catholic, Christian, Socialist等；有些則是短語的修飾成分，經(jīng)過縮略后變成名詞，如：shorts=short trousers; a wrong=a wrong thing.部分轉(zhuǎn)化: 部分轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的形容詞通常不具有名詞的全部特征，一般帶有定冠詞，作為復(fù)數(shù)來表示一個整體，如一類人或物。與完全轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的形容詞相比具有以下三個特征:多數(shù)無詞尾變化，不能表示多數(shù);無所有格;仍存在形容詞特征，可用副詞修飾，有比較級和最

15、高級。如：The young should take good care of the old.He is always interested in the new.We are trying our hardest to finish the task before the deadline.第13頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三練習(xí)(1)Nobles constituted seven per cent of the population. (2)When is your French oral?(3)Their jobless total reached a re

16、cord high since 1940. (4)There is only one black in my class.(5)She is investigating the ancients conception of the universe. (6)He is a natural for the job. (7)It is necessary to make a distinction between right and wrong. (8)They are running in the final .(9)Our six-year-old is at school. 再如: in s

17、hort, for short, in general, for free,in red, in public, in common等. 第14頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三其它詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞除了動詞和形容詞之外，還有一些詞類可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，但是為數(shù)不多，而且用法也比較固定。如:Are you talking about a she or he?I dont want those seconds, because they have some defects.I dont know any ifs, ands, buts; do it at once!I want t

18、o know the ins and outs of the whole event.第15頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三練習(xí)1. Dont allow doubts to occur in it.2. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement.3. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little

19、 house.4. I love this feeling of protecting you and dreaming of all I have in store for you. 5. Some of the diseases spread is due to global warming. 第16頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三其它詞類之間的轉(zhuǎn)化除了以上詞類的轉(zhuǎn)化外，還有其它詞類的轉(zhuǎn)化。雖然這些轉(zhuǎn)化涉及各類詞，但是構(gòu)成的詞類數(shù)量有限。如:How long does it take to go to Beijing and back? (名詞副詞)Stupid!

20、Dont do that again! （形容詞感嘆詞）Easy come, easy go.（形容詞副詞）I dont have one; neither do I want.（形容詞連詞）Take your hand off mine! （副詞介詞）Why did you first talk to him? （數(shù)詞副詞）詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的靈活多樣，使一些詞匯具有了高強的生命力，大大豐富了英語詞匯。 第17頁，共20頁，2022年，5月20日，7點50分，星期三 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞 telephone電話打電話slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down

21、 向下?lián)舻筯and手 交給warm 暖的使溫暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 錄音記錄 empty 空的倒空noble 貴族高貴的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 較好 改善key 鑰匙 關(guān)鍵的name 名字 命名cool 涼爽 使冷face 臉 面對 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞一些形容詞前加the后轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞 drink 喝飲料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首領(lǐng)the wounded受傷的人們 study 學(xué)習(xí)書房fit 適合 適合的first 第一的 第一個the blind盲人們look at have a look at wrong 錯誤的 錯 誤the beautiful美麗的東西 第18