句子五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、英語(yǔ)句子五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)陳凱恩第1頁(yè)一、 句子基本成份（members of a stentence）：主語(yǔ) Subject 謂語(yǔ) Predicate賓語(yǔ) Object定語(yǔ) Attribute狀語(yǔ) Adverbial 表語(yǔ) Predicate補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Complement 同位語(yǔ) Appositive第2頁(yè) 英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，能夠發(fā)覺(jué)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)絡(luò)，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)能夠歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型： 句型一: 主+謂 S+V 句型二：主+系+表 S+V

2、+P 句型三：主+謂+賓 S+V+O 句型四：主+謂+間賓+直賓 S+V +IO +DO 句型五：主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) S +V +DO +OC第3頁(yè)基本句型 一主謂SV第4頁(yè) 該句型中動(dòng)詞為不及物，不及物動(dòng)詞詞義本身完整，不需要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足其意義，但有些動(dòng)詞詞義必須由一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)（不能沒(méi)有狀語(yǔ)）進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。 Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. We go for a walk. Jim and Tom study together every day. She is studying hard at the university. They sit under

3、 the tree.第5頁(yè)SV(不及物動(dòng)詞)1. Time 2. I 3. The moon 4. They 5. He6. He7. They8. The man9. We all 10. The little birdsflies. see. rose. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday .is playing.have gone.cooked. eat, and drink.dispeared soon.第6頁(yè)基本句型 二主系表SV P第7頁(yè)此句型句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表示一個(gè)完整意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)表語(yǔ)組成

4、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表示完整意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。除了Be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞能夠用作系動(dòng)詞，如：1.表示感官動(dòng)詞，處于某種狀態(tài)。feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. 2.表示轉(zhuǎn)變改變動(dòng)詞，狀態(tài)改變. become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.第8頁(yè)SV（謂語(yǔ)）P（表語(yǔ)）We This is The dinner everthing The weather His faceThe madicine The machine areissmellslooksbecameturnedtastes goesCh

5、inese.an English book.good.different.warmer.red.awfulwrong.第9頁(yè)基本句型 三主謂賓SV O第10頁(yè) 該句型特點(diǎn)： 謂語(yǔ)必須為及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞詞語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)必須是名詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞成份。也就是說(shuō)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能夠表示完整意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作承受者，才能使意思完整。第11頁(yè)SV(及物動(dòng)詞)O（賓語(yǔ)）WeI He He She Tom They Lily lovelike knowsenjoyslaugh atsaidatemade our country.musiceverythingreading.her.“Good mornin

6、g”.some apples.cakes.第12頁(yè) 注意一： 帶V-ing做賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有： suggest, advise,stop, enjoy, miss ,finish , mind,keep ,perfer, be busy, be used to, give up etc. She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here. I prefer standing. May is busy doing the housework.第13頁(yè) 注意二： 帶 to do 做賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有： offer, learn, intend, plan, deman

7、d, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc. I want to help him. Mary decided to leave.第14頁(yè)基本句型 四主謂間賓直賓SV IO DO請(qǐng)觀察:1. I bring him a dictionary. 2. I bring a

8、 dictionary to him. 第15頁(yè) 此句型句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表示完整意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作直接承受者(物或事)，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作間接承受者（人）。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作間接承受者在動(dòng)作直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。朗誦： I give you help. Mary teaches us English. I will show him my passport.第16頁(yè) I sent him a book. I brought May a present. I will tell you a story. She gave

9、me her telephone number. = She gave her telephone number to me. My father made me a kite =My father made a kite for me.第17頁(yè)間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 慣用動(dòng)詞有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refuse, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, et

10、c.間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for慣用動(dòng)詞有： make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.第18頁(yè)基本句型 五 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)SV DO OC第19頁(yè)此句型句子共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表示完整意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成份來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成份，賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是邏輯上主謂關(guān)系，它們一起組成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)則句意不夠完整。第20頁(yè)SVDOOC1.We 2.They 3

11、.He 4.I 5.She 6.I 7.I 8.Mum9.I named madepaintedfoundkeeps foundwishtoldsawour puppyhim the wall the bookeverything him youusa catBaby.chairman.white.easy.in good orderat workto stayto study hard.running across the road第21頁(yè)練習(xí)題：1. Horses run fast. 主+謂2. We study hard. 主+謂3. I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)4. Please pass me the salt. 主+謂+間賓+直賓5. the flower smells sweet. 主+系+表第22頁(yè)6.My dream becomes true. 主+系+表7.W