定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn) 講與練 講義-2023屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)講與練定語(yǔ)從句是三大從句之一，是高考頻繁考查的考點(diǎn)之一。在備考中，需要明 確其命題規(guī)律，掌握答題技巧，這樣才能高效備考。一、高頻考點(diǎn)剖析（一）考查關(guān)系詞的基本用法關(guān)系詞用法一覽表【考例】關(guān)系同關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whomwhowhichthatwhoseaswhenwherewhy先行詞人人物或 句子人或物人或物人、物、 句子時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因充當(dāng)I成分賓語(yǔ)二:8 、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)1In this box are some stem cells are urgently needed for apatient-please, please, yo

2、uve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. （閱讀理解改編）Louis Braille, a blind person, lived in a time the blind couldntget much education.（閱讀理解改編）The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, offers several concerts from March through June. （I閱讀改編）Tve got to a point in my life I know I am

3、smart enough to diveinto an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.（閱讀表達(dá)改編）I ran the risk of losing those students had a different style ofthinking.（閱讀改編）The reason any of us take any risks at all might have to do withearly humans.（閱讀改編）A coin is put into the cake,signifies（預(yù)示）success i

4、n the NewYear for the person who receives it.（閱讀理解改編）答案（一）單句語(yǔ)法填空whicho逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，theories為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從 句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，故填which。whereo beach為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。wh0o先行詞those指人，且空格處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ) 從句。whose。books為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作covers的定語(yǔ)，故whose 符合題意。whicho nomophobia（無(wú)手機(jī)恐懼癥）為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)， 故填whichowhereo

5、先行詞指地點(diǎn)，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故where符合題/同、owhicho an atmosphere為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，故用which作 為引導(dǎo)詞。whicho invention為先行詞，空格處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which作為引 導(dǎo)詞。whomo兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，且關(guān)系詞在從 句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，故填whom。wheno先行詞occasions指時(shí)間，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填 when。which。第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是空前的一句話內(nèi)容, 故填whichowhOo先行詞Toms mother指人，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是非限制性定語(yǔ)從

6、句， 且先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who。whereo地點(diǎn)名詞New York為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填 whereowhomo other people為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介言司賓語(yǔ)，故用whom 作為引導(dǎo)詞。aso此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是主句的一句話內(nèi)容, as is reported是常用結(jié)構(gòu)。wheno先行詞day指時(shí)間，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故when符 合題意。whose。A company為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作名詞profits的定語(yǔ)， 故填whose owhereo an easy atmosphere是先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地

7、點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)， 故填whereothato先行詞thing用The very修飾，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用 that作為引導(dǎo)詞。wheno先行詞time指時(shí)間，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副 詞 when0whyo reason為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，故用why引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句。whoseo先行詞為those,且空格處在從句中作名詞lives的定語(yǔ)，故用 whose作為引導(dǎo)詞。whichoanother wonderful discovery為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)， 故填which。whereo先行詞指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。thato先行詞pe

8、rsons and places中既有人又有物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中 作主語(yǔ)，故填that。whom。先行詞指人，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞而由的賓語(yǔ),故填whom。whereo many cases為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系 副詞whereoAso逗號(hào)前是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而位于句首的定語(yǔ)從句只能使用as引導(dǎo)。whoseoGeorge Orwell為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故填whose。whicho nine months為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故填 whichowhose0 floods為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作名詞的定語(yǔ)，故填whose。whom。先行

9、詞指人，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故whom符 合題意。when。先行詞age表示時(shí)間，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when 作為引導(dǎo)詞。whOo先行詞those指人，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故空格處填who。when0先行詞是next week,關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。which o先行詞為第二個(gè)逗號(hào)之前的一句話內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主 語(yǔ)，故填which。whomo先行詞為two people,關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，故whom 符合題意。when0 the用th grade為先行詞，且先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用 when作為引導(dǎo)詞。wher

10、iohours為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞when。Aso逗號(hào)前是位于句首的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而關(guān)系詞之中只有as有 這一用法。whom0 the old scientist為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)， 故填whomowhicho the Lincoln Memorial為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 作主語(yǔ)，故填which。whereo business為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副 詞 whereowhicho第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的一句話內(nèi)容為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)， 故填which。that。the first為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句

11、中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞that。（二）語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者家庭貧困，在圣誕節(jié)到來(lái)之際，作者 用自己賺的錢(qián)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了禮物，給家里帶來(lái)了驚喜。ao考查冠詞。名詞check在句中表示泛指，故填不定冠詞。to pay?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)use sth. to do sth.可知，空格處填 不定式。Actuallyo考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幵诰渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)，故填提示詞的副詞形式。whicho考查定語(yǔ)從句。第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是空 前的一句話內(nèi)容，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。on0考查介詞。表示在具體的某一天上午、下午或晚上，應(yīng)用介詞on。occurred

12、o考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)?？崭裉幾鳛橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。7. guiltyo考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空格處在句中作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可 知，空格處填形容詞。my。考查代詞?？崭裉幾髅~的定語(yǔ)，故空格處填物主代詞my。Holdingo考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)前為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，且與 主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞。kisseso考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的hugs和語(yǔ)境可知，空格處填寫(xiě)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。8. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place cannot be miss

13、ed when you visit the city.（閱讀理解改編）9.is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.（）10. I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.解析：that/ whicho先行詞為some stem cells,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填 that/ which o【知識(shí)拓展】（1）關(guān)系詞that不可位于介詞后，不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句。（2）關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或

14、賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that的情況：先行詞是all, everything, anything 等不定代詞；先行詞被 the only, the very, the right 等 修飾；先行詞既有人又有物；先行詞是序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修 飾。wheno先行詞指時(shí)間，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。whicho先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。【知識(shí)拓展】which可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句 中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；先行詞可指物，也可指一句話內(nèi)容。where0 point為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句?！局R(shí)

15、拓展】領(lǐng)先行詞是 actMty, situation, point, case, stage, scene 等抽象名詞時(shí)，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用where作為引導(dǎo)詞。who /thato先行詞those students指人，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故 填 who/ thato【知識(shí)拓展】（1） who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不可位于介詞之后。（2）關(guān)系詞 常用who的情況：先行詞為明確指人的anyone, one, ones, those等詞時(shí);在分隔式定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞指人，為了防止歧義時(shí)；領(lǐng)先行詞為人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí) 等。why。reason為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，故用why引導(dǎo)定

16、語(yǔ)從句。whicho逗號(hào)前的一句話內(nèi)容為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填 whichothato關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且先行詞place之前有the very修飾，故 應(yīng)用that作為引醇詞。ASo先行詞為逗號(hào)之后的一句話內(nèi)容，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，而定語(yǔ) 從句位于句首時(shí)，只能用as引導(dǎo)。【知識(shí)拓展】as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可位于句首、句中或句尾，常有“正 如，正像”之意，其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：as anybody can see； as we know； as is well known； as often happens； as is reported； as is often the cas

17、e； as is mentioned above； as has been pointed outwhose0 a couple是先行能I,且空格處作children的定語(yǔ)，故填whoseo（二）考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”既可用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中, 是定語(yǔ)從句的一種常見(jiàn)用法?！究祭縎he was taking the food to the refugee camp, in shedistributed it to children.Many young people, most ofwere well-educated, headed for

18、 remote regions to chase their dreams.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.解析：whicho the refugee camp為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，故用 which作為引導(dǎo)詞。whomo先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故whom符合題意。which。先行詞指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞upon的賓語(yǔ)，故填which。（三）考查分隔式定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句往往緊跟在先行詞之后，但是有時(shí)可能會(huì)在從句和先行詞之間插入 其他成分

19、，使從句與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái)，從而形成了分隔式定語(yǔ)從句（也可稱(chēng)為“間 隔式定語(yǔ)從句”）。如：Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship.（先 行詞student和定語(yǔ)從句被介詞短語(yǔ)“in his class”隔開(kāi)）湯姆是班里第一個(gè)獲 得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生?！究坚芰小?After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.解析：whoo p

20、eople為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)， 故who符合題意。（四）考查定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與 先行詞一致，即先行詞為單數(shù)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，那么從句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。【考例】Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who always （wear） evening dress.He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of which（publish） in the 199

21、0s.解析：wears。根據(jù)always和語(yǔ)境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；關(guān)系詞在從 句中作主語(yǔ)，而。ne是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，故空格處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。（one之 前如沒(méi)有the only修飾時(shí)，先行詞為womeno ）were publishedo nearly half of which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且是動(dòng)作的承受 者，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；結(jié)合先行詞books可 知，空格處填were publishedo二、高分技巧點(diǎn)撥對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句方面的試題，首先應(yīng)該找準(zhǔn)先行詞，然后再結(jié)合句子成分的知 識(shí)對(duì)關(guān)系詞在從句中的具體作用分析推敲，判斷好關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是哪一 種句子成分

22、。需要注意的是，先行詞并不能決定關(guān)系詞的使用。例如，先行詞 指時(shí)間，但是關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，那么應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作為引導(dǎo)詞，而不應(yīng)使 用關(guān)系副詞when。【考例】I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.解析：which。先行詞為book,且關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作recommended 的賓語(yǔ)，

23、故填which。此題容易誤填where或when,原因是認(rèn)為先行詞是空前 的地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間，誤認(rèn)為關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。whicho that evening雖為表示時(shí)間的先行詞，但是關(guān)系詞在從句中作介 詞about的賓語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which作為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此題 容易誤填w h e n,原因是沒(méi)有判斷女 子關(guān)系詞在從句中的作月J ,三、強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（一）單句語(yǔ)法填空Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.The next day,

24、my mother and I went to the beach wewatched some children play volleyball.Happiness and success often come to those are good atrecognizing their own strengths.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.I recently read an article about “homophobia”， is a real illness people cant suffe

25、r from the fear of being without your phone!We will be shown around the city： schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is abig challenge.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, is set to be installed in other villages in t

26、he area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.The children, all of had played the whole day long, wereworn out.We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare we have so many foods available at such low prices.Of course whenever they tur

27、ned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, made her feel like a star.Toms mother, had heard their conversation, asked if they could do it.I decided to leave home for New York, I might have a better chance to find a good job.Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk, butafter some minu

28、tes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A company profits from home markets are declining mayseek opportunities abr

29、oad.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.The very thing brought about a complete change in her lifewas the liberation.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.The reason more

30、and more young people dream ofbecoming a famous singer or musician is that they can become millionaires overnight.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.He made another wonderful discovery, I think is of great importance to science.In my opinion, Beiji

31、ng is the most beautiful city, I spent my last summer holiday.The two old friends talked about the persons and places impressed them most.Alice asked the policeman with he worked to contact himwhenever there was an accident.I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot ofEnglish words and

32、expressions but couldnt write a good essay.has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.George Orwell, real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of the sailing time was 226 days.Last month, part of

33、Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of were from Germany.We are living in an age many things are done on computer.Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day

34、have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, can be very eye-opening and rewarding.Last week, only two people came to look

35、at the house, neither of wanted to buy it.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.The film brought the hours back to me I was taken goodcare of in that far- away village.we have stressed many times, serve the people

36、is our first policy.What is known to us all is that the old scientist, for life washard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world.I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a greatchance.As I arrived in Sydney, I wanted to see everything on my