【12】中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 句子的類型Ⅱ 復(fù)合句

1、（十二）句子的類型復(fù)合句01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對(duì)復(fù)合句的考查主要包括賓語(yǔ)從句(包括直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的互換)、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。預(yù)計(jì)年對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的考查仍然會(huì)是賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)，狀語(yǔ)從句中連詞的選擇和時(shí)態(tài)；對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查重點(diǎn)是關(guān)系代詞的選用。02 定義 概念清晰化1.賓語(yǔ)從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句，常常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，作賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是由賓語(yǔ)從句的句子類型決定的，?？嫉囊龑?dǎo)詞有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等，賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)由主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定。2.直接引語(yǔ)指的是直接引用別

2、人的原話，兩邊用引號(hào)標(biāo)出；間接引語(yǔ)是指用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)在句型、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等方面都要進(jìn)行變化。3.在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子叫狀語(yǔ)從句，在句中起到狀語(yǔ)的作用。?？嫉臓钫Z(yǔ)從句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(由when,while,before,notuntil等引導(dǎo))、條件狀語(yǔ)從句(由if,unless,as long as等引導(dǎo))、原因狀語(yǔ)從句(由because,since等引導(dǎo))、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(由so that,sothat等引導(dǎo))、目的狀語(yǔ)從句(由in order that等引導(dǎo))、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(由though,alth

3、ough等引導(dǎo))。4.定語(yǔ)從句是指在句中作定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞的句子。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞叫做先行詞，在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語(yǔ)從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,that,which,關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化賓語(yǔ)從句與直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)分類圖解用法例句當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)時(shí)，用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句或間接引語(yǔ)，其中的that無(wú)具體意義，一般可以省略。He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.He said (th

4、at) the bank was near the hotel.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)是由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)時(shí)，用if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句或間接引語(yǔ)，意思是“是否”。從句或間接引語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)序。She asked me if/whether she could join us.He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)是由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)詞就是賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞。從句或間接引語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)序。Do you know who broke the door?She asked me wh

5、ose pen that was.特例清單1.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether，如果從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether。如：I dont know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。She is worried about whether it is true.她正擔(dān)心著這件事是否是真的。2.賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則從句可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需要用各種相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句必須用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我記得

6、他昨天給了我一本書。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告訴我他將會(huì)參加跳高比賽。3.賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 know, remember, forget, learn等詞時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.她不知道下一步該做什么。4.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型

7、。如：“Dont make any noise.” she said to the children.She told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她對(duì)孩子們說(shuō)。5.在賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中如果敘述的是客觀真理、客觀事實(shí)等，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說(shuō)光比聲音的傳播速度要快得多。6.直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和某些具有方向性的動(dòng)詞要作相應(yīng)的變化。具體見(jiàn)下表：【題組訓(xùn)練】( )1.(2014金

8、華)Jimmy，the 2014 FIFA World Cup is coming.Do you know _ the first match will be on?On June 13th.A.how B.where C.why D.when( )2.(2014安徽)Its so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?But I dont know _ I can do it if not now.A.why B.when C.how D.where( )3.(2014昆明)Excuse me，could you please tell me _?Ye

9、s，there is a history museum.A.how often do you go to the history museumB.are there any good museums in KunmingC.how long it takes to get to the history museumD.if there are any good museums in Kunming( )4.(2014鎮(zhèn)江)Granny，the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.Oh，could you tell me _?A.h

10、ow did you go to the parkB.what you did in the tripC.that you saw something beautifulD.if your friends had played with you( )5.(2014十堰)Could you please tell me_ ?Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.A.where is Mount WudangB.how can I get to Wulong RiverC.what is Shennongjia famous forD.if there

11、will be a new airport in Shiyan狀語(yǔ)從句分類圖解分類連接詞例句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/while/as, before,after,since,until,as soon asShe was cooking when someone knocked at the door.He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin.I didnt go to bed until she came back.條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,as long as,unlessIll go to see you if I have ti

12、me.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as,forHe didnt catch the first bus because he got up too late.We should study hard since we are students.目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that,in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so that,sothat/suchthatIts so

13、 hot that we want to go swimming.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though/although,even,ifAlthough its raining hard,they are still working hard in the field.比較狀語(yǔ)從句than,asas,not as/soasHe ran as fast as Mike.【題組訓(xùn)練】( )6.(2014重慶)Id like to have a try，_ I may fail.A.since B.thoug

14、h C.until D.after( )7.(2014杭州)In summer milk will quickly go bad _ it is put into a fridge.A.though B.unless C.because D.once( )8.(2014德州)Are you going out，Mike?Its really late now.Its the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil，_ I must go now.A.if B.or C.so D.though( )9.(2014濟(jì)

15、寧)Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain_ I could stop her.A.until B.after C.before D.unless( )10.(2014廣州)Mum says _ I do my homework now，I can watch TV for an hour tonight.A.if B.thoughC.because D.while定語(yǔ)從句分類圖解分類引導(dǎo)詞例句關(guān)系代詞who,whom,which,that,whoseThe man who is working there is my brother.Th

16、is is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday.The room whose window is open is mine.關(guān)系副詞when,where,whyI still remember the day when you left for Beijing.This is the school where my mother works.特例清單定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞只能用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為anything，everything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：Is there anything that I can

17、 do for you?我能為你做點(diǎn)什么嗎？(2)當(dāng)先行詞為all，any，much，many等詞時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：Tom told her mother all that had happened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。(3)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.這是我度過(guò)的最美好的時(shí)光。(4)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通

18、過(guò)考試的人。(5)當(dāng)先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：This will be the last chance that he can get.這將會(huì)是他可以得到的最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能幫你的人。(6)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人。(7

19、)當(dāng)主句是以who，which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是who時(shí)，只能使用“that”。如：Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本書是他昨天從圖書館借的？【題組訓(xùn)練】 ( )11.(2014隨州)What are you looking for?Im looking for the book _ you lent me yesterday.A.what B.who C.when D.不填( )12.(2014河南)“Underground” is the only word in the English

20、 language _- begins and ends with the letters “und”.A.what B.that C.who D .whom( )13.(2014黃石)First Lady Peng Liyuan was watering the flowers _ were named “Cathy” with Dutch Queen Maxima.A.what B.which C.who D.whose( )14.(2014東營(yíng))When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York

21、，the people _ lived nearby called the police.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which( )15.(2014黃岡)In a text message，88 means Bye-bye.And another example is F2F _stands for face to face.A.that B.who C.whom D.it04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化( )1.Do you know if our team _ the match tonight?It is hard to say.I will tell you the re

22、sult if our team_ .A.wins;wins B.will win;will winC.wins;will win D.will win;wins( )2.I believe _ Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day.I agree with you.But Im not sure _ we can live on it.A.that;if B.that;thatC.if;that D.if;if( )3.Are you sure _ Li Ming has flown to London?Yes

23、.I saw him off at the airport just now.A.that B.ifC.whether D.when( )4.Im worried about _ I can pass the English exam.Dont worry.Im sure _ you will pass it.A.if;that B.whether;thatC.that;if D.that;whether( )5.Doctor,could you tell me_ ?Oh,nothing serious. He just has a cold. He will be fine soon.A.t

24、hat there was anything wrong with my sonB.if there was anything wrong with my sonC.that there is anything with my sonD.if there is anything wrong with my son( )6.Have you decided _ youll go to Hainan?Not yet. Maybe by plane.A.when B.howC.where D.whether( )7.What did Jack ask you about just now?He as

25、ked me how long _ when I reached the cinema.A.had the film been on B.the film had started C.the film had been on D.had the film ended( )8.Could you tell me_ ?An engineer.He works in a computer company.A.who your father isB.where your father wasC.what is your fatherD.what your father is( )9.Hello,eve

26、ryone!Can I join you?Sure,we are talking about _.A.when shall we go to the cinemaB.how can we get thereC.who should we go withD.how we can organize the farewell party well( )10.I hear that a famous doctor will come to our company.Do you know_?A.when will he give a talkB.when he will arriveC.what wil

27、l he talk aboutD.how will he come( )11.Could you tell us how long _?About three days.A.does the sports meeting lastB.the sports meeting will lastC.did the sports meeting lastD.will the sports meeting last( )12.Alen wanted to know _ after it got out of the UFO.A.what is the alien doingB.what the alie

28、n would doC.where would the alien goD.where the alien is going( )13.-Didyouasktheguard_happened?-Yes,hetoldmeall_heknew.A.what;that B.what;whatC.which;which D.that;that( )14.Icanneverforgettheday_weworkedtogetherandtheday_wespenttogether.A.when;which B.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when ( )15.Thele

29、tterisfrommysister_isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.who ( )16.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_theyrememberedintheschool.A.which B.that C.whom D.what( )17.Thefactory_wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.where B.towhich C.which D.inwhich( )18. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked( )19. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about