《化學工程與工藝專業(yè)英語》課文翻譯

1、化學工程與工藝專業(yè)英語課文翻譯化學工程與工藝專業(yè)英語,華東理工大學,胡鳴,社;1 7、10 13、20 單元,為目前網(wǎng)上最全的Unit 1 Chemical Industry化學工業(yè)1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemicalindustrystartedmuchmorerecently.Itmaybe considered t

2、o have begun during the Industrial Revolution,about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The org

3、anic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of WilliamHenryPerkinsdiscoveryifthefirstsynthetic dyestuffmauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the

4、German chemical industry having 75% of the world marketinchemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plusthe development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry

5、 out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure forthe first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak ofworld warin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1 化學工業(yè)的起源代化學工業(yè)的發(fā)展卻是非常近代（才開始的?？梢哉J為它起源1800 Na2CO3. 我們會注意到所有這些都是無機物。有機化學工業(yè)的開始是在十九世紀六十年代以William Henry Perkin 發(fā)現(xiàn)第一種合成染料苯胺紫并加以開發(fā)201914 年，德國的化