緒論-04級八年制課件

1、The scope of pediatrics Pediatrics is the study of growth and development of the child from the genetic background and moment of conception through adolescence. It is the science and art of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the diseases of children from birth through adolescence, whether these

2、 disturbances be physical, mental, or emotional. The scope of pediatrics The most characteristic feature of pediatrics is that it deals with the growth and development of the child, comprising all those changes in size and form and in complexity of function that constitute growing up. The scope of p

3、ediatrics 兒科學(xué)( pediatrics )是研究小兒各年齡階段的生長發(fā)育和疾病防治，提高小兒身心健康水平的醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)兒科學(xué)Pediatricsfetal period intrauterine life: embryonic and fetal period first trimester first 12 wksecond trimester 13 28wk third trimester 29 40wkStage of children by age兒科學(xué)Pediatrics neonatal period after birth 4wk perinatal period 28w

4、k of gestation 1wk after birthinfancy 4wk 1yrTodlerhood 2nd yr 3rd yrStage of children by age兒科學(xué)Pediatricspreschool age 3 yr6(7) yr school age 6（7）yr 11(12)yr adolescence 11 12yr-17 18yr(femal) 13 15yr-19 21yr(male)Stage of children by age兒科學(xué)Pediatrics 18yr in total population of children and adult

5、developed countries 22.4% developing countries 35.7% china 30% ( UNCF 1999 ) 18yr 400 million( china)兒科學(xué)PediatricsDisparity in occurrence and progression of disease between children and adult disparity in anatomy, physiology, and immunologic function between children and adult. the younger, the more

6、 different兒科學(xué)Pediatrics兒科學(xué)Pediatrics生后1小時2歲兒科學(xué)Pediatrics兒科學(xué)Pediatrics兒科學(xué)Pediatrics nervous system Kernig sign, Babinski sign signs of meningeal irriatation neonatal period Kernig sign, Babinski sign(+) within 34m Kernig sign (+) within 2yr Babinski sign (+) 兒科學(xué)Pediatrics neonatal period rooting refl

7、ex, Moro reflex infancy abdominal reflex () possible tendon reflex ( ) nervous system reflex兒科學(xué)PediatricsDisparity in occurrence and progression of disease between children and adult 兒科學(xué)Pediatrics age-dependent lab data, physical exam Disparity in occurrence and progression of disease between childr

8、en and adult 兒科學(xué)Pediatrics congenital anomalies、inborn errors of metabolism more common in children newborn,infants vulnerable to infection sinusitis rare in infancy infants vulnerable to obstruction in respiratory tract Disparity in spectrum of diseaseDisparity in occurrence and progression of dise

9、ase between children and adult兒科學(xué)Pediatrics pneumonia bronchial pneumonia, lobar pneumonia vit D difficiency rickets(佝僂病), malacosteon(骨軟化) Disparity in type of diseaseDisparity in occurrence and progression of disease between children and adult兒科學(xué)Pediatrics diarrhea dehydration； fever seizure Dispa

10、rity in manifestation of diseaseDisparity in occurrence and progression of disease between children and adult 兒科學(xué)Pediatrics hepatomegaly, splenomegaly common in infancy ( anemia, infection)Disparity in occurrence and progression of disease between children and adult 兒科學(xué)PediatricsProgressionRecovery

11、deterioration兒科學(xué)Pediatrics兒科學(xué)PediatricsInfant mortality 1949 1999 2000 2003 China city 15% 1.18% 0.55% rural 20% 3.7% 0.40.7%Developed Countries兒科學(xué)Pediatrics5yr death 1991 1999 2000 2003 China city 2.1% 1.4 % 0.7 % rural 7.1% 4.6 % 0.40.8%Developed Countries5yr death 93% in rural infant accounting t

12、o 80 newborn death 65 of total infant death Leading death cause: pneumonia, asphyxia, prematurity, diarrhea, congenital anomalies, (2000) 兒科學(xué)PediatricsLeading causes of death1yr 1. perinatal conditions intrauterine growth retardation respiratory distress syndrome intrauterine hypoxia/birth asphyxia

13、birth trauma 2. congenital anomalies 3. sudden infant death syndrome 4. pneumonia 5. gastrointestinal disorders 兒科學(xué)Pediatrics1yr 4yr 1. accidental injuries 2. congenital anomalies 3. malignant neoplasms5 yr 14yr 1. accidental injuries 2. malignant neoplasmsLeading causes of death兒科學(xué)PediatricsThe you

14、ng are often among the most vulnerable or disadvantaged in societyand their needs require special attention.1990年首次世界兒童問題首腦會議 “ 兒童生存保護(hù)和發(fā)展世界宣言”及“ 推行計(jì)劃”中國政府相繼制定 “ 九十年代中國兒童發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要及（20012010）中國兒童發(fā)展綱要”兒科學(xué)PediatricsGenetics, embryology, nutriology, pshychologyPediatrics (health care)Child healtheducationSocial services兒科學(xué)Pediatrics1. infective disease2. psycho-behavior problem3. accidental injury 4. congenital a