高三英語語法總結(jié)重點(diǎn)

1、高三英語語法總結(jié)要點(diǎn)高三的英語語法，主要講了一些什么內(nèi)容?下邊小編給大家整理的高三英語語法，供大家參閱!高三英語語法：表語從句1、關(guān)系詞不可以夠省略2、從句用陳說語序常有指引詞what,when,where,why,whether,how,that,because,which,WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeEnglishsowell.Thequestionishowwhatyouvesaidcanbeputintopractice.Thereason(why)hedidntcomeisthathewasill.It(This,That)isbecauseir

2、oncontainsmorecarbonthansteel.高三英語語法：同位語從句1、關(guān)系詞不可以夠省略2、從句用陳說語序從句的名詞后接同位語fact,idea,word，promise,saying，problem,news常有指引詞1/16that,whether,where,how,etc.Thefactsthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedus.Anideacametoherthatshemightdothatinanotherway.Scientistshavearguedovertheproblemwhetherthereislifeonot

3、herplanets.高三英語語法：狀語從句一.定義:在句中作狀語的從句就叫做狀語從句二.分類:狀語從句包含以下八類1.時(shí)間狀語從句:由when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,assoonas等指引a.Ishalltellhimthegoodnewswhenhecomes.2.原由狀語從句:由because,as,since,for等指引a.Hedidnthearmebecausehewaslisteningtotheradio.b.Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbettershowmehowtousethecompute

4、r.3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句:由where等指引a.Pleaseputthebookwhereitwasafteryoufinishreadingit.4.條件狀語從句:由if,unless等指引a.IwillcometoseeyouifIhavetimeonSunday.2/165.比較或方式狀語從句:由than,as,asif,as.as.等指引a.Iknowyoudobetterthanhedoes.b.Theoldworkerrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.6.目的狀語從句:由sothat,inorderthat等指引a.Theysetoutearlysotha

5、ttheycouldarriveatthestationingoodtime.7.結(jié)果狀語從句:由so,sothat,so/such.that.等指引a.Theysetoutearlysothattheyarrivedatthestationingoodtime.b.Hefinishedhisworksowellthatthebosspraisedhiminpublic.8.退步狀語從句:由though/although,evenif,whatever,whoever,whenever,nomatterwhat/who等指引a.Heisinverygoodhealththoughheisold

6、.b.Theydidntstopworkingevenifitbegantorainhard.三.應(yīng)注意的問題:1.時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中常用一般時(shí)代替未來時(shí)a.IwillgoandseeafilmifIhavetimetomorrow.b.Iwilltelltheaboutitassoonashecomesback.c.Hesaidhewouldgooutforawalkwhenhefinishedhis3/16work.2.狀語從句中可有省略:在一個(gè)含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,假如主句和狀語從句的主語同樣,或狀語從句的主語是it,而且狀語從句的謂語含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),能夠?qū)钫Z從句的主語和be一起省

7、略掉a.As(shewas)achild,shebegantolearnEnglish.b.If(hewas)alive,hemustbeatleastninetyyearsold.c.Although(hewas)toldtostop,hekeptonworking.d.If(itis)necessary,ringmeup.e.Hedidntsayasingleworduntil(hewas)asked.3.as和than指引的比較狀語從句中,從句中和主句中同樣的部分常常省略,從句中只剩下比較對(duì)象a.HeisaheadtallerthanI(amtall).than今后的人稱代詞是主格或賓格

8、時(shí),有時(shí)意思不同樣,如:a.Shelikesthedogmorethanme.=Shelikesthedogmorethanshelikesme.她喜愛狗比喜愛我更多b.ShelikesthedogmorethanI.=ShelikesthedogmorethanIlikethegod.她比我更喜愛狗4.含有nosoonerthan和hardly/barely/scarcelywhen的句子相當(dāng)于含有assoonas導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語引4/16的句子.nosooner或hardly放在句首時(shí),主謂要部分倒裝a.Hehadnosoonerseenthepolicemanthanheranaway.=N

9、osoonerhadheseenthepolicemanthanheranaway.=Heranawayassoonashesawthepolicemen.b.Hehadhardlysatdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Hardlyhadhesatdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Thetelephonerangassoonashesatdown.5.immediately,directly,instantly等詞也能夠作為連詞指引時(shí)間狀語從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas指引的時(shí)間狀語a.IwenttoseehimimmediatelyIheardfromhi

10、m.=IwenttoseehimassoonasIheardfromhim.6.themoment,theminute,thesecond指引時(shí)間狀語從句,相當(dāng)于assoonas指引的時(shí)間狀語a.Heletoutacrythemomenthesawthesnake.=Heletoutacryassoonashesawthesnake.7.eachtime,everytime,anytime,lasttime,nexttime,firsttime能夠指引時(shí)間狀語從句a.Theyshakehandswitheachothereachtimetheymeet.8.since指引的時(shí)間狀語從句中,若謂

11、語動(dòng)詞是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則其過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的達(dá)成或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束5/16a.Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不住這里己有五年了a.Theyshakehandswitheachothereachtimetheymeet.8.since指引的時(shí)間狀語從句中,若謂語動(dòng)詞是連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則其過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的達(dá)成或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束a.Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不住這里己有五年了高三英語語法：定語從句關(guān)系代詞指引的定語從句一.關(guān)系代詞的用法:關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中作主語在定語從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語或許介詞的賓語,介詞在后指人that

12、/whothat/who/whom指物that/whichthat/which上表中黑框內(nèi)的關(guān)系代詞能夠省略;在口語及非正式文體中whom常被who所代替;其余,關(guān)系代詞whose表示“(先行詞)的”.示例:1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語6/16a.Doyouknowthemanthat/whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?b.Thisisabookthat/whichtellsaboutspacerocket.2.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語a.Thecomrade(that/who/whom)theycametovisitisascientist.b.Iwi

13、llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespentinthecountryside.3.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語,介詞在后a.Thisisthehouse(that/which)hewasbornin.b.Theperson(that/who/whom)youshouldwritetoisMrBall.c.Theman(that/who/whom)youtalkedwithisourEnglishteacher.4.whose指引的定語從句a.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.b.Thechildwhosemo

14、therdiedinthefireisnowanengineerinourcompany.c.Heislivinginahousewhosewindowsarepaintedwhite.三.應(yīng)注意的問題:7/161.指物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的狀況:.先行詞被最高等或theonly,thevery,thesame等修飾時(shí)a.ThisisthebestplaythatwaswrittenbyJack.b.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或thelast等詞修飾時(shí)a.Thisisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismor

15、ning.先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代詞時(shí)或被不定代詞all,any,no等修飾時(shí)a.Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.b.ThisisallthatIcantellyou.人+動(dòng)物或事物共同作為先行詞時(shí)a.MyfatherandMrBrowntalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedforaboutanhour.句中又有which作為疑問詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)a.WhichisthetrainthatgoestoBeijing?2.

16、關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在定語從句中作主語時(shí),要注意定語從句中的主謂一致問題.由于who/that/which指代先行詞,因此定語從句的謂語與先行詞保持一致即可a.Icametogetthebookthatwasleftintheclassroom.8/16b.Icametogetthebooksthatwereleftintheclassroom.關(guān)系副詞指引的定語從句一.關(guān)系副詞的用法:when在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語;where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語;why在定語從句中作原由狀語.示例:a.HewaswellatthetimewhenIsawhim.b.Letsmeetatth

17、eplacewherewemetyesterday.c.ThisisthereasonwhyIaminfavorofthesinger.三.應(yīng)注意的問題:1.在某些表示時(shí)間的名詞后的關(guān)系副詞可省略,這樣的名詞如:thetime,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,thesecond等(也有語法家以為是這些名詞直接指引了時(shí)間狀語從句)a.Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsoldhehadlearnedmuchEnglish.介詞+關(guān)系代詞指引的定語從句.說明:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞能夠位于關(guān)系代詞以前,進(jìn)

18、而組成介詞+關(guān)系代詞指引的定語從句.這種定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法:在這種定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞只好用whom(指人)和which(指事物),而不可以夠使用that/9/16who.示例:a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.b.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMrBall.c.ThemanwithwhomyoutalkedisourEnglishteacher.d.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwoman.四.應(yīng)注意的問題:1.關(guān)系代詞前的介詞能夠是單個(gè)介詞,也能夠

19、是短語介詞或近似短語介詞的詞組a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.b.Atfiveoclockwereachedthehouse,infrontofwhichthereisabigtree.c.Atfiveoclockwereachedthemountain,atthefootofwhichliesomefarmhouses.2.依據(jù)表達(dá)的需要,介詞以前還能夠夠有其余詞,進(jìn)而組成“名詞或代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”指引的定語從句a.Iusedtoliveinasmallroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthestreet.b.Atthegatestoo

20、dagroupofstudents,someofwhomaregirls.10/163.介詞若為短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞,則不可以將介詞打開放在關(guān)系代詞以前a.Thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.(for不可以夠放在which以前)b.ThechildwhomAuntLitakescareofisill.(of不可以夠放在whom以前)4.關(guān)系副詞when/where/why?？膳c“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”互換a.DoyourememberthedayswhenwewereinBeijing?(=inwhichwewereinBeijing)b.Doyourememb

21、ertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholeday?(=inwhichweonceplayedforawholeday)c.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterday.(=forwhichhewasabsent)限制性與非限制性定語從句一.二者的差別:見下表形式作用譯法限制性定語從句無逗號(hào)與主句分開11/16修飾限制作用,即不可以缺乏的定語其譯文常位于先行詞以前,并表現(xiàn)“的”非限制性定語從句有逗號(hào)與主句分開附帶、增補(bǔ)說明的作用,若缺乏它,句意仍舊圓滿常將其譯成一個(gè)和主句并列的分句.關(guān)系詞的用法:非限制性定語從句不可以夠用that指引,

22、而且關(guān)系詞在任何狀況下都不可以夠省略,除此以外,在關(guān)系詞的使用上,非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句圓滿同樣.示例:a.Mybook,whichisveryold,isonthetable.b.PresidentKennedy,whohadheardofKingbefore,wasinterestedtomeethim.c.Hisfather,whoisworkinginBeijing,isanengineer.d.Thehouse,wherehewasborn,hasbeendestroyedintheearthquake.e.Mr.Smith,withwhomyoujusttalked,is

23、ourEnglishteacher.f.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwoman.四.應(yīng)注意的問題:12/161.as/which都能夠指引一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,as/which是關(guān)系代詞,指代主句中所提到的某種狀況,它們的不同樣點(diǎn)是:.as指引的這種定語從句地點(diǎn)比較靈巧,可位于句首,句中,句尾;但which指引的這種定語從句只好位于主句今后.as還帶有“正如,正象”之意,而which不含此意a.Theearthislikeaball,aseveryoneknows.b.Aseveryoneknows,theearthi

24、slikeaball.c.TheysaidtheywereFrench,whichwasnttrue.常有問題.定語從句復(fù)原法:試題中有好多相關(guān)定語從句的,這種題常常需選擇指引詞部分.做好這種題的要點(diǎn)第一是要有這樣的見解:定語從句應(yīng)有圓滿而合理的句子成分.鑒于這一點(diǎn),我們能夠用“復(fù)原法”來查驗(yàn)定語從句能否正確,即把定語從句復(fù)原成為一個(gè)簡單句.詳細(xì)做法是:.第一步:代替.將關(guān)系代詞直接代替成先行詞,假如是關(guān)系副詞,先代替成介詞+關(guān)系代詞,再將關(guān)系代詞代替成先行詞.第二步:調(diào)整,即調(diào)整語序,看能否組成一個(gè)合理的簡單句比方,復(fù)原以下例句a中的定語從句的過程是:先將that/which代替成先行詞th

25、epark,再調(diào)整語序,就能獲得一個(gè)合理13/16的簡單句:Wevisitedtheparklastyear.再如,復(fù)原以下例句b中的定語從句的過程是:先將where代替成inwhich,再將which代替成先行詞thepark,再調(diào)整語序,就獲得一個(gè)合理的簡單句:Weonceplayedforawholedayinthepark.a.Doyouremembertheparkthat/whichwevisitedlastyear?b.Doyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholeday?c.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat

26、/whichwespenttogether?d.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenweweretogether?.分開定語從句:定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞今后,但有時(shí)也被分分開來,在閱讀時(shí)要注意依據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的意思來分辨先行詞是什么a.Iwastheonlypersonintheofficewhowasinvited.b.HewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhopassedtheGRE.as指引的這種定語從句地點(diǎn)比較靈巧,可位于句首,句中,句尾;但which指引的這種定語從句只好位于主句今后.as還帶有“正如,正象”之意,而which不含此意a.Theearthislikeaball,as