Unit 5 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案-高中英語(yǔ)人教版必修第三冊(cè)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Verbs) 又稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的詞義， 但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，表示可能、 能力、請(qǐng)求許可、建議忠告、命令義務(wù)禁止、意圖、推測(cè)等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的各種變化，即不隨主語(yǔ)的不同而變化，只有could, might, should, would, had to幾個(gè)過(guò)去式，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如must, ought to等的過(guò)去式皆 與現(xiàn)在式同形。2.在意義上，大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)

2、詞有多個(gè)意義。3.在用法上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng) 詞一樣，須后接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。三.常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、否認(rèn)式及縮略形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)式縮略形式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 否認(rèn)式 縮略形式will not wonlwould not wouldntmust not mustnthad better /notouht oughtnt not to J一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Verbs) 又稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的詞義， 但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，表示可能、 能力、請(qǐng)求許可、建議忠告、命令義務(wù)禁止

3、、意圖、推測(cè)等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的各種變化，即不隨主語(yǔ)的不同而變化，只有could, might, should, would, had to幾個(gè)過(guò)去式，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如must, ought to等的過(guò)去式皆 與現(xiàn)在式同形。2.在意義上，大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有多個(gè)意義。3.在用法上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng) 詞一樣，須后接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。三.常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、否認(rèn)式及縮略形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)式縮略形式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 否認(rèn)式 縮略形式will not wonlwould not wouldntmust not mustnthad better /notouht oughtnt not

4、 to J一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Verbs) 又稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的詞義， 但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，表示可能、 能力、請(qǐng)求許可、建議忠告、命令義務(wù)禁止、意圖、推測(cè)等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的各種變化，即不隨主語(yǔ)的不同而變化，只有could, might, should, would, had to一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Verbs) 又稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 (Mode I Aux i I i ar i es),本身有一定的詞

5、義， 但要與動(dòng)詞原形一起使用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，表示可能、 能力、請(qǐng)求許可、建議忠告、命令義務(wù)禁止、意圖、推測(cè)等。二、基本特征：1.在形式上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的各種變化，即不隨主語(yǔ)的不同而變化，只有could, might, should, would, had to幾個(gè)過(guò)去式，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如must, ought to等的過(guò)去式皆 與現(xiàn)在式同形。2.在意義上，大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有多個(gè)意義。3.在用法上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng) 詞一樣，須后接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。三.常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、否認(rèn)式及縮略形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)式縮略形式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 否認(rèn)式 縮略形式will not won

6、lwould not wouldntmust not mustnthad better /notouht oughtnt not to Jcancouldmaymightshallshouldcannot could notmay not might notshall not should notcantcouldnftmightnt shant shouldntwouldmusthadbetterought to四.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類1 只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的:can/could, may/might, ought to, must.可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的：need, dare/dared.可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的：

7、shall/should, will/would.相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：have to, used to五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1. can & couId + do be done (能力、請(qǐng)求許可、猜想)(1) My grandmother do some shopp i ng on the Internet.(2)The bu i Id i ng was on f i re, but Iuck i Iy everyone i n i t escape from i t.(can/couId表示能力(abi I ity),用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)，意思相當(dāng)于be abIe too 在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中，

8、was / were ab Ie to通常表示能做并且已經(jīng)做了的事二managed to do或 succeed in doing,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)中，could僅表示能力。)you give me a hand with the box?CouId I use your car?Yes, of course you.No, ( can/couId表示 “請(qǐng)求” 和“許可”，could語(yǔ)氣更委婉，肯定回答 時(shí)要用can,不用could。)The temperature here be as h i gh as 37C.As a human be i ng, anyone make a mi st

9、ake.(can用在肯定句中多表示理論上的可能，“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”，含有“有時(shí)會(huì)”的意思。)(cant . too/enough 無(wú)論 也不過(guò)分；越 越好；cant (heIp) but do sth. 不得不，只好；cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事；“couldnt be better ”表示“最好， 再好不過(guò)”)翻譯：你過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候再怎么小心也不過(guò)分.I can t thank you too much for a I I your he I p to my son.One cannot but admi re her determinat ion.我這個(gè)月的工作最好。含義否

10、認(rèn)式注意點(diǎn)（表能力）區(qū)別 be ab I e to（請(qǐng)求許可）Cou I d語(yǔ)氣更委婉（表猜想）表推測(cè)主要用于否認(rèn)/疑問(wèn)句 中，陳述句為客觀可能性2. May & might + do be done (請(qǐng)求許可、猜想) I have a few words with your manager?Yes, you .No, you You have some fever.That be Mary一 she s in hospita I.Mr Smith be a great pIayer, but he s a good captain.(may not 不太可能會(huì) can t肯定不會(huì))祝你成功

11、！(may表示祝愿，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：May +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形)May you! A. succeed B. success(6) Si nee it i s a fine day, we wa I k.His appearance has changed so much that you not recognize him.(may/mi ght as we I I do sth ”還是.為好； 不妨“ 二 had better do sthmay/mi ght we I I do sth ”很有可能”)Must & need + do be done (必須、肯定猜想、偏偏)You mustn,

12、 t do that, because you must keep your word.一Must I finish my homework today?一 Yes, you .一No, you . ( must表示“必要性”，意為“必須”，其否認(rèn)形式為mustn, t (不 準(zhǔn)，禁止)，must的否認(rèn)回答用neednJ t don t have to不需要。must表示一種主觀 的義務(wù)和必要；而have to表示一種客觀被迫需要，含有“不得不，只好”的意思。)That be the on I y way. There be other ways of solving the prob I e

13、m.那不可能是解決問(wèn)題的唯一方法，肯定有另外的方法。(肯定猜想“一定，準(zhǔn)是，只能用 在肯定句中， 在否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句中要用cad t代替，表示“不可能會(huì))(3)Why must it rain today?為什么偏偏今天下雨？(must表“偏要”)Will & would + do be done (表意志；表請(qǐng)求建議；習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；表猜想)I never do that again.(表示意志、意愿和決心)you gi ve me a p iece of paper?(表示請(qǐng)求、建議。用于第二人稱的疑問(wèn)句， wouId表示更委婉的語(yǔ)氣)(3)She Ii sten to mus i c, a I

14、 one i n her room, for hours.(4)We sit around Grandpa after supper, I istening to his stor ies.(表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)，“總是；習(xí)慣于would指過(guò)去的習(xí)慣二usedto。)Sha I I (意見(jiàn)、命令、警告允諾、必須；應(yīng)該)+ doI am busy now. my brother do it for you?(用于第一 三人稱的疑問(wèn)句中表 示說(shuō)話者征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。)A. Will B. Shal I C. Must D. May Daddy, can you buy me a new

15、 i pad when you go to Be i j i ng?You get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.(shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾。)(3)(用于法律，條約，規(guī)章，等文件中，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)人稱如何一律用shall:必須；應(yīng)該。) 第六條一切單位和個(gè)人都有保護(hù)環(huán)境的義務(wù):Article 6 All entities and individualdhahave the obligation to protect environment.她方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)本行政區(qū)域的環(huán)境質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé)。 The

16、 local peoples governments at all levelhajj)be responsible for the environmental qualitywithin their respective administrative regions.企業(yè)事業(yè)單位和其他生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)防止、減少環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞，對(duì)所造成的損害依法承當(dāng)責(zé)任。翻譯：每個(gè)學(xué)生在7:05分以前到達(dá)教室早讀。Should (主觀看法)+ do=ought to (語(yǔ)氣略強(qiáng)；法令規(guī)那么、行為準(zhǔn)那么、道德責(zé)任 等客觀)+ do = be supposed to do sth(1)我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。It

17、 s wonderfuI that you shouId have achieved so much in these years.Don t ask me. How shouId I know?(should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議，意為“應(yīng)該二ought toshould表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感，意為“竟然”should表示按常理、經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“按道理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”)Need + do be done(need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否認(rèn)句或條件句中。)I neednt (use) a cIock to wake me up.Need he (go) there himself?

18、(need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常用搭配：sb need to do 需要做某事 sth need doing/to be done 需要被做)I dont need (use) a cIock to wake me up.(4)D i d he need (go) there h imseIf?My watch needs(repa i r).dareY2I If he dare go, Fil go with him. Tom didnt dare to do it.odare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“敢；敢于常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn) 句中，后接動(dòng)詞原形，否認(rèn)形式為dare not 0d

19、are常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 ,有 帶to的不定式 的變化,后面可 接時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)odare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有如下搭配:dare to do sth敢于做某事dare sb to do sth激某人做某事Can&couIdCan&couIdCan&couId請(qǐng)求、許可推測(cè)能力情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)possibilityCan&couId請(qǐng)求、許可推測(cè)能力May&mi ght請(qǐng)求、許可推測(cè)祝愿（may）Wi I I & would請(qǐng)求推測(cè)意愿、決心習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作must推測(cè)必要性偏偏、偏Shou I d推測(cè)責(zé)任、建議竟然sha I I請(qǐng)求法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度允諾、警告、決、 2cantcouldntmay notmigh

20、t notmaymightcouldshouldwould/willcertainuncertaincertaincantcouldntmay notmight notmaymightcouldshouldwould/willcertainuncertaincertainYuY對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行對(duì)過(guò)去肯定must+do/be+bedoing+ have done可能may/might+do/be+ be doing+ have done不可能cant/couldnt+do/be+ be doing+ have doneAnoI dont know where she is, she in Sha

21、nghai.（可能在上海）At this moment, our teacher. （定正在上課）The road is wet. It Iast night. （一定下過(guò)雨）Philip ser iously i n the car accident.（可能在車禍中受了 重傷）Mike hi s car, for he came to work by bus thi s morning. （定還沒(méi)有 找回他的車）He h i s homework now.（不可能正在做作業(yè)） 注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have donecould have donecould have donecould have

22、donecould have donecould have done（過(guò)去）本可以做某事（但沒(méi)做）could have done（過(guò)去）本可以做某事（但沒(méi)做）ought to/should have done（過(guò)去）本應(yīng)該做某事（但沒(méi)做）oughtn to/shouldnl have done （過(guò)去）本不應(yīng)該做某事（但做了）neednt have done（過(guò)去）本不需要做某事（但做了）I reaI Iy regret wasting the hours when I shouId have studied hard, but it is too I ate.I was reaIly anx

23、ious about you. You shouldn t have I eft home without a word.I neednt have wor r i ed before I came to the new schoo I, for my c I assmates here are fr i end Iy to me.You couId have rev i ewed, but you pIayed games a I I n i ght.summary/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done有兩個(gè)主要用法：是表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的推測(cè)。是表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的遺憾或責(zé)備。mu

24、st have done表推測(cè)（一定做了某事）might/may have done表推測(cè)（可能做了某事）cant/couldnt have done表推測(cè)（小可能做了某事）could have done表遺憾或責(zé)備（本可以做某事）should/ought to have done表遺憾或責(zé)備（本應(yīng)該做某事）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done表遺憾或責(zé)備（本不應(yīng)該做某事）neednt have done表遺憾或責(zé)備（本不必做某事）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法I.用法1.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表達(dá)過(guò)去某時(shí)之后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它常用于主句謂語(yǔ)是一般 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：They

25、 wou Id begin to d i scuss thi s when they arr i ved. 他們到達(dá)時(shí)就會(huì)開(kāi)始討論這件 事。The peasants were sure that they wouId have another good harvest that year.農(nóng)民們堅(jiān)信那一年將又會(huì)大豐收。I I. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)wou I d do表達(dá)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：He wouldnt I eave the next Fr i day. 隨后的周五，他不會(huì)離開(kāi)。was / were going to d。表達(dá)準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、將要做某事，它所表達(dá)可能發(fā)生也可能不發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作。

26、例如：The students were going to p I ay tab Ie tenni s that afternoon. 那 天下午學(xué)生們要才丁 乒乓球。was / were about to do表達(dá)馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，它不可與明確時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其常用句 式是 was / were about to do when+從句。伊:The meet i ng was about to be he I d at once. 這個(gè)會(huì)，義馬上舉彳亍。go, come, return, I eave, start, f ini sh等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作。例如。They s

27、aid they were Ieaving for Paris soon. 他們說(shuō)不久他們將離開(kāi)去巴黎。was / were to do表達(dá)曾經(jīng)計(jì)劃做某事。例如：She sa i d she was to buy a f I at i n Shangha i. 她說(shuō)過(guò)要在上海買一套房子。高考鏈接One of our ru I es i s that every student wear schoo I un i form wh i I e at schoo I.A. might B. CouId C. shaI I D. wi I IDid you attend the meet ing fo

28、r the exper imerit project yesterday?一Yes, but I don, t think I because my di rector was there.A. need to have B. need to C. needed to D. need haveFrank I y speak i ng, I am not sure whether I th i s i n the o I d days with that kind of equipment, which Iooks quite odd and r idicuIous.A. shouId have

29、 done B. need have done C. wouId have done D. must have donehave been here ha If an hour ago.have been here ha If an hour ago.have been here ha If an hour ago.一It s a I ready 11 o cIock , and he 一Maybe he got caught i n the ra i n.have been here ha If an hour ago.A. must B. ought to C. May D. canCan

30、 I pay the bill by credit card?But i t i s the management ru I es of our hote I that paymentA. sha I I B.A. sha I I B.6. Mark ear I y.A. sha I I B.6. Mark ear I y.be made i n cash.Need C. wi I I D. have hurr i ed. AfterA. sha I I B.6. Mark ear I y.be made i n cash.Need C. wi I I D. have hurr i ed. A

31、fterA. 7. to A.8.A. 7. to A.8.needn, 11 has schooI sha I It B.beenwouldn t C. mustn t D. couIdnA. 7. to A.8.needn, 11 has schooI sha I It B.beenwouldn t C. mustn t D. couIdn, tannounced that a I I the students put on masks before goingi n case they are i nfected with SARS vi rus.B. wi I I C. need D.

32、 mayI fee I a I ittIe nervous.一What s wrong with you?一Oh, I am sick. I so much ice cream just now.A. shouldn, t eat B. mustn, t eatC. couldn, t have eaten D. shouIdn? t have eatenTravel i ng by subway sometimes be quite an adventure, espec i a I Iy dur i ng the rush hour.A. must B. can C. shaI I D.

33、shouIdHe i s a bad-tempered fel low, but he be qui te charming when he wi shes. A. sha I I B. Shou Id C. can D. mustIt is reaI Iy co Id and the ground i s wet; i t have ra i ned Iast n i ght. A. might B. Must C. can D. shouIdPaul did A. need have C. must havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI haveI

34、t is reaI Iy co Id and the ground i s wet; i t have ra i ned Iast n i ght. A. might B. Must C. can D. shouIdPaul did A. need have C. must havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI havePaul did A. need have C. must haveI havea great job i n the speech contest. He

35、pract i sed B. might pract i sed D. couId someth i ng importantHi s ceI I phone i s here, so A. mustn,Paul did A. need have C. must haveI havea great job i n the speech contest. Hepract i sed B. might pract i sed D. couId someth i ng importantHi s ceI I phone i s here, so A. mustn, t B. needn t C. 1

36、5. Mr. Baker, some students A. May B. Shou Id C. Sha I Ihemany times Iast week.pract i se pract i se to tel I John. But I can, t f ind him. have gone too far.wouIdn? t D. can, twant to see you. they wait here or outside?D. WiI I16. Most of the top I eaders expressed a common des i re at the UN confe

37、rence,that different cultures A. the one ; must B. the onethat different cultures A. the one ; must B. the onethat different cultures A. the one ; must B. the onethat different cultures A. the one ; must B. the oneItbe the postmanA. mustnt B. cant C. wontI Iove the weekend, becausecoexist with toler

38、ance.that different cultures A. the one ; must B. the oneItbe the postmanA. mustnt B. cant C. wontI Iove the weekend, becausecoexist with tolerance.;shouId C. one ; must D. one ; shouId at the door. Its on Iy s i x ocIock.D. needntA. mustn, t B. needn? t C. wouldn, t get up ear Iy on Saturdays and S

39、undays. D. shouldn t19. Peter searched a I I the p I aces where he have I eft her i Pad but it was a I I in vain. A. might B. wouId C. must D. shouId- Jim what I said annoying though he didn t say anything.一 So you mean you wiI I have to apologize to him?A. must find B. might find C. shouId have fou

40、nd D. must have foundTom, you I eave a I I your cIothes on the fIoor Ii ke this!A. wouldn, t B. mustn, t C. needn t D. may notSkills like critical th i nk i ng and ana lysis be found on the I nternet, because they must be acqui red i n the context of facts.A. can t B. needn, t C. mustn? t D. shouldn

41、 t一 you d i sturb me now? I m busy prepar i ng a report.一 Terr ibIy sorry, but I have someth i ng urgent to teI I you.A. Need B. Shou Id C. Might D. Must翻譯1.*(2019天津高考 我本來(lái)希望送給彼得一件禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚，但沒(méi)有做到。*(2019 全國(guó)卷I )人群可能會(huì)破壞這個(gè)地方的美。*她可能不知道這件事。(2019 江蘇高考 我很樂(lè)意在歡迎儀式上穿中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)高考真題The novel written by the author best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he in the literary world.A. sells; was to playB. was selling; was playingC. sold; had playedD. is sold; is playingThe plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet.Well, he said he here on time.A. came B. w