選修六unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、U3(選修六)l.abusen.Q濫用,妄用；虐待，辱罵Q弊病，陋習(xí)vt.濫用,妄用,虐待e.g.Heabusedhispowerwhileinoffice.他在職時(shí)濫用權(quán)力。Thosecaptiveswerephysicallyabused.那些俘虜遭受了肉體上的摧殘drugabuse濫用毒品childabuse虐待兒童abuseonesposition/power濫用職權(quán)/權(quán)利abuseaprivilege濫用特權(quán)2.stress1)n.Q壓力；重音，重讀beunder(the)stress(of)在壓力下sufferfromstress遭受壓力Thestressesandstrainso

2、fmodernlife現(xiàn)代生活的壓力和緊張.Q強(qiáng)調(diào)，重要性e.g.Someschoollay/put/placestressonforeignlanguageeducation.2)vt.加壓力于;重讀;強(qiáng)調(diào)e.g.Hestressedtheimportanceofthetask.3.bann.禁令，禁止abanonsthvt.禁止，取締bansb.from(doing)sth.頒布禁令Put/imposeaban頒發(fā)/解除禁令liftaban確立禁令e.g.Ourgovernmenthasput/imposedabanonplasticbags.4.dueto歸因于,歸功于e.g.Theac

3、cidentisduetoyourcarelessdriving.那意外事故歸因于你駕駛不小心。beduetodosth定于某時(shí)做某事e.g.Heisduetospeakatthemeetingtomorrow(可以被causedby所代替)Thetrainisdueinfiveminutes.(預(yù)定的，預(yù)期的)MyrentisntduetillWednesday.(到期的，立即支付的)Induecourse在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候afterdueconsideration經(jīng)適當(dāng)考慮之后拓展：becauseof由于，較口語(yǔ)化，只作狀語(yǔ)owingto較正式，須用逗號(hào)與主句隔開thanksto多虧了，多用于正

4、面的意義asaresultof因?yàn)閍saresult副短，因止匕therefore副詞，因此so并列連詞，因此becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof和thanksto的用法比較這一詞都表示由于的意思，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)該注意以下區(qū)別：becauseof意為由于，因?yàn)?強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，在句中僅作狀語(yǔ)，修飾句中的一部分，與其他成分不用逗號(hào)隔開。如：Wemustnotgetdiscouragedbecauseofsuchaminorsetback.我們決不可因?yàn)檫@樣一個(gè)小小的挫折而灰心喪氣。owingto與becauseof一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，除作狀語(yǔ)外，也可作表語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)

5、修飾整個(gè)句子，可在句首或句末，用逗號(hào)隔開。如：Theydecidedtocanceltheflight,owingtothestorm.由于這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，他們決定取消這個(gè)航班。Hisdeathwasowingtoanaccident.他死于一場(chǎng)事故。dueto引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與。wingto同義，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不與其他成分隔開。不用于句首。如：Thisaccidentwasdueto（owingto）hiscarelessdriving.這次車禍?zhǔn)怯捎谒_車疏忽大意造成的。Hearrivedlatedueto（owingto）thestorm.由于暴風(fēng)

6、雨他來晚了。Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences.由于疏忽大意造成的錯(cuò)誤可能帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。onaccountof與becauseof,owingto同義，但語(yǔ)氣較為正式。可作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)。如：Hecouldnotcomeonaccountofhisillness.他因病不能前來。Thatwasonaccountoflackofexercise.那是由于缺乏鍛煉。thanksto表示幸虧，多虧多用于表達(dá)正面意思，相當(dāng)于感謝，在句中作狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如：Thankstoyouradvice,muchtroublewassave

7、d.多虧你的建議，減少了許多麻煩。5.toughThewire金屬絲istougherthanthat.（堅(jiān)韌的，不易磨損的）Youneedtobetoughenoughtosurvive生存inthejungle.（堅(jiān)忍不拔的，吃苦耐勞的）atoughcriminal罪犯（粗暴的，兇暴的）toughmeasurestodealwithterrorism恐怖主義（強(qiáng)硬的，嚴(yán)厲的）atoughassignment任務(wù)/problem/choice（棘手的，困難的）atoughsteak牛排（硬的，老的）6.fit1）V.I.Thedressdoesntfitme.（適合）ecantfitanym

8、orechairsintotheroom.（容納）befittedwithhandles（安裝）Hisideasdidnotquitefitinwithouraims.他的想法和我們的目標(biāo)不完全一致。（與相一致，相協(xié)調(diào)）2）Adj.keepfit保持健康befitfor/todo對(duì).合適Thebookisfit（suitable）forchildren.Thefreshairisfittobreath.反義詞：unfitbeunfitfor/todo區(qū)分fit,suit,matchTheseshoesdontfitme.Haveyougotalargersize?這鞋我穿不合適。你們有大點(diǎn)的嗎

9、？Thathaircutsuitsyou.那種發(fā)型很適合你。Thecarpetsshouldmatchthecurtains.地毯應(yīng)該和窗簾相配。Youcantmatchhiminhisknowledgeofwildplants.在野生植物知識(shí)方面，你無法與他相比。addictedadj.“對(duì)某某上癮”,“沉湎于某某”e.g.Mychildrenhavebecomehopelesslyaddictedtotelevision.我的幾個(gè)孩子都成了電視迷,簡(jiǎn)直不可救藥了。構(gòu)詞法：addictn.吸毒成癮的人addictionn.沉湎、成癮addictiveadj.使人上癮的addict常用于下列結(jié)

10、構(gòu)：addictoneselftosth.沉溺于某物beaddictedtosth.專心做某事;上了.的癮beaddictedtodoingsth.Eg.Theparentsfelthelplesswhentheyfoundtheirsonhaddrugforlong.A.addictedB.addictedtoC.addictedhimselfD.beenaddictedtoaccustomv.使人習(xí)慣于、養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣e.g.Shefounditnecessarytoaccustomherchildtogettingupearly.她覺得有必要讓孩子養(yǎng)成早起的好習(xí)慣。常用句式：accustom+

11、名詞/oneself+to+名eg.Childrenarequicktoaccustomthemselvestonewsurroundings.孩子們很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。beaccustomedto+名詞e.g.Iamaccustomedtowalkinglongdistances.我習(xí)慣與長(zhǎng)距離步行。get/become/beaccustomedto+名詞e.g.Youwillsoongetaccustomedtothejob.你將會(huì)習(xí)慣于這個(gè)工作。同義詞組：be/get/becomeusedto注意:在英語(yǔ)中,to有時(shí)為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，后跟動(dòng)詞原形；有時(shí)用作介詞，后跟名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞。

12、下面的這些短語(yǔ)中的to均為介詞。payavisitto參觀seeto處理，負(fù)責(zé)getdownto開始/payavisitto參觀seeto處理，負(fù)責(zé)getdownto開始/著手bedevotedto致力于，獻(xiàn)身于beexposedtoattendtoadmittosentencesb.to宣判某人cometo談到,涉及beupto總計(jì)devoteto致力于beopposedto/objectto反對(duì)beattachedtolookforwardtocontributetoadjust（adapt）topayattentiontobeattachedtolookforwardtocontribu

13、tetoturntowhenitcomesto.withdrawv.withdrawaln.Thegeneralrefusedtowithdrawhistroops.（收回，撤回）Shewithdrewallhersavingsandleftthecountry.（取錢，提款）.quitv.過去式和過去分詞一quit,現(xiàn)在分詞一quitting,+doing形式，表停止做e.g.Shequitsmokingwhenshegotpregnant.她一懷孕就戒了煙。歸類記憶:下列動(dòng)詞只能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,d

14、eny,forbid（禁止）,fancy（想象）,finish,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,prevent,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,imagine,postpone（推遲）,practice,quit,resist（抵制）,risk,suggest,tolerate,understandeg：Iknewitwastimetoquitsmoking.Itis/wastime（forsb）todosth.tstimeforustostudyhard.該是我們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了Itis（high/about）ti

15、methatsb.did/shoulddosth.（should不可?。㊣tis/was）thefirst（second）timethatsb.have/has/haddonesth.Itshightimethatwestudied/shouldstudyhard.ItsthefirsttimethatmyclassmatesandIhavegottogether.昨天晚上是我們第一次同學(xué)聚會(huì)。.do/does/did+動(dòng)詞原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。（注意：只用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。）IdohopesobecauseIwantyoutoliveDobecarefulwhencrossin

16、gthestreet.HedoesspeakEnglishwell.強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)以外的成分可使用：Itis/wasthatItwaswhenIwasdoingmyhomeworkthatIsawhimsleeping.ItwasIthat/whosawhimsleepinginclass.neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示否定的情況so+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示肯定的情況。ShedoesntlikeEnglish,neitherdoI.Ihavemasteredtheuseofit,sohaveshe.注意區(qū)分：so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞-Shefinishedallthehomew

17、orkyesterday.-Soshedid.-她昨天把所有的作業(yè)完成了。-她確實(shí)都完成了。13.decide丫.決定.decide+名詞/代詞Thequestionwillbedecidedbythemselves.問題將由他們自己決定。.decidetodoLastweek,agroupofClass3studentsdecidedtogotothemuseum.decide+從句Letsfirstdecidewhereweshouldgo.（=Letsfirstdecidewheretogo.）Itisnotdecidedwhetherwewillgothere.Itisdecidedt

18、hat.：Itisdecidedthatweshouldstarttomorrow.（注：這種從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）.跟介詞短語(yǔ)（跟on或upon，表示就某事做出決定）：Dontdecideonimportantmatterstooquickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。decisionn.makeadecision=determinetodo/bedeterminedtodo=makeuponesmind（s）todofeellike+doing想要,只表示一次的想法e.g.Itssohottoday.Ifeellikegoingswimming.今天好熱啊,我想去游泳。摸起來像,像是e.

19、g.Thematerialfeelslikesilk.絲綢Itfeelslikerain.everytime在此句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示每次的時(shí)候EverytimeIgotoseeher,sheisalwaysbusyworking.每次我去看她，她總是忙于工作。下列用法均可做連詞：thefirsttime第一次的時(shí)候themoment/minute/instant/immediately/instantly/directly一.就.everytime=eachtime每次的時(shí)候lasttime上次nexttime下次bythetime至U為止Ifellinlovewithhimthefirst

20、timeIsawhim.第一次見到他的時(shí)候，我就喜歡他了。ThelasttimeIsawher,shewasworking.最后一次見至她的時(shí)候，她正在工作。Ialwaysgotooseemybestfriendimmediatelywehaveaholiday.一放假，我總是去看我最好的朋友。remindv.提醒，使某人想起.remindsbofsthremindsbtotoremindsbthate.g.ThestoryremindedmeofanexperienceIoncelived.Youmustremindhimtotakehismedicine,incaseheforgets.P

21、leaseremindmethatImustreturnthebookbeforenoon.ashamedadj.羞辱，恥辱，尷尬e.g.Sheisashamedtoasksuchasimplequestion.相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：beashamedofsb./sthbeashamedthatbeashamedtodoWhatashame!(pity)多遺憾?。tsashame(pity)that.真是遺憾inspiteof盡管，雖然，不顧。后接名詞(=despite)eg.Shecantseeverywellinspiteofherglasses.(despite)盡管戴著眼鏡她還是不能看得很清楚。

22、Despite（Inspiteof）thefactthatwetriedourbest,wedidntwin.同義：regardlessof不管，不顧，不理會(huì)Hesayswhathethinksanddoeswhathewantstodo,regardlessofotherpeoplesfeelings.Thelawsayseveryoneisequal,regardlessofage,sex,orreligion.Though/Although/EvenifEventhoughitshardwork,Ienjoyit.Youngas/thoughIam,Ialreadyknowwhatcar

23、eerIwanttofollow.getinto陷于，染上什么習(xí)慣getintothehabitof養(yǎng)成什么習(xí)慣（相當(dāng)于fallintothehabitof或者formthehabitof）e.g.Thegirlhasgotintothehabitofplayingwithherhairwhilereading.那個(gè)女孩養(yǎng)成了閱讀時(shí)玩弄頭發(fā)的習(xí)慣。短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想：getintotrouble惹上麻煩getintodebt負(fù)債累累getalong/onwithgetawaywith僥幸逃脫（懲罰getdowngetingetthroughgetoffgetovergettogetheratrisk=indanger在危險(xiǎn)中