2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)16

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-北京科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題He has no incentive to make permanent improvement in spoken English.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ability tB.knowledge tC.opportunity tD.motive【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive表示“動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激”；A項(xiàng)ability“能力”，B項(xiàng)knowledge“知識(shí)”，C項(xiàng)opportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”，D項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)，

2、目的”。句意：他沒(méi)有持續(xù)提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的動(dòng)力。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。2.單選題This monument image was designed to （stir up）emotions of awe and respect, but could scarcely evoke feelings of warmth and affection.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tangleB.teemC.stipulateD.agitate【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stir up表示“激起，煽動(dòng)”；A項(xiàng)tangle“（使）纏結(jié)在一起，（使）亂成一團(tuán)”，B項(xiàng)teem“大量出現(xiàn)，充滿”，C項(xiàng)stipulat

3、e“規(guī)定，保證”，D項(xiàng)agitate“搖動(dòng)，騷動(dòng)”。句意：這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑形象的設(shè)計(jì)是為了激起敬畏和尊敬的情緒，但幾乎不能喚起溫暖和喜愛(ài)的感情。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。3.單選題There are countries in which unnecessary poverty prevails because the people as a whole are unaware of methods whereby it can be relieved. There are vast tracts of land, abandoned or（1） cultivated, which could

4、support a thriving community if full use were（2）the knowledge and skill of scientists. There are innumerable people suffering from disease which can be cured, and from which,（3）following simple scientific rules of hygiene, they need never again suffer. There are vast storehouses of natural power, su

5、ch as the wind, waterfalls and the heat of the sun, which science can show how to（4）for the relief of human hard work and for raising the（5）of living. The possibilities are enormous.But the difficulties in the way of effecting a change for the（6）are not less enormous and are often overlooked. The fu

6、ll benefits of science can（7）be gained with the cooperation of the people in need of assistance. That cooperation is regrettably ineffective（8）the people also have some understanding of the means used. A sterilized (經(jīng)過(guò)消毒的) bandage brings no cure to an infected wound. Farm machinery, broken（9）and neg

7、lected for lack of skilled mechanics, can be a source of ruin than of profit. If the methods recommended by the scientist are（10）by those who have some knowledge of science, then great benefit can follow. But if that understanding of cooperation is in lack, then frustration is added to poverty.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

8、A.onceB.sometimesC.regularlyD.never問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.adopted byB.made ofC.resulted inD.originated from問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.inB.whileC.byD.upon問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.harnessB.imitateC.implementD.propel問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.levelB.standardC.conditionD.circumstance問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.betterB.improvementC.advanceD.progress問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.onlyB.alsoC.evenD.never問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.unlessB.unti

9、lC.ifD.even問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.upB.downC.outD.off問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.manipulatedB.appliedC.possessedD.designated【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:B第6題:A第7題:A第8題:A第9題:B第10題:B【解析】第1題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)once“曾經(jīng)”，B項(xiàng)sometimes“有時(shí)”，C項(xiàng)regularly“定期地，有規(guī)律地”，D項(xiàng)never“從不”。根據(jù)句子There are vast tracts of land, abandoned or（ ） cultivated（有大片的土地，被遺棄或耕地）可知，or后

10、面的部分和abandon的意思是相等并列的，空格后面是cultivated，那么前面應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示否定的詞語(yǔ)，只有never符合。句意：這里有大片被遺棄或從未耕種過(guò)的土地。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。第2題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)adopted by“被采納/收養(yǎng)”，B項(xiàng)make of“了解”，C項(xiàng)result in“導(dǎo)致”，D項(xiàng)originate from“發(fā)源于”。根據(jù)句子which could support a thriving community if full use were（ ）knowledge and skill of scientists（如果充分利用科學(xué)家的知識(shí)和技能，就能夠

11、支持一個(gè)繁榮的社區(qū)）可知，make full use of固定搭配，表示“充分利用”。句意：如果充分利用科學(xué)家的知識(shí)和技能，有大片被遺棄或從未耕種過(guò)的土地可以支撐一個(gè)繁榮的社區(qū)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。第3題:考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)in“在里”，B項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)，盡管”，C項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”，D項(xiàng)upon“在之上”。根據(jù)句子There are innumerable people suffering from disease which can be cured, and from which,（ ）following simple scientific rules of hygiene, they

12、 need never again suffer.（有無(wú)數(shù)的人患有可以治愈的疾病，而從這些疾病，遵循簡(jiǎn)單的衛(wèi)生科學(xué)規(guī)則，他們永遠(yuǎn)不需要再遭受痛苦）可知，by doing sth.表示“通過(guò)做某事”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：有數(shù)不清的人患有可以治愈的疾病，只要遵循簡(jiǎn)單的衛(wèi)生科學(xué)規(guī)則，他們就再也不必遭受痛苦。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。第4題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)harness“治理，利用”，B項(xiàng)imitate“模仿，仿造”，C項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”，D項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使”。根據(jù)句子There are vast storehouses of natural powerwhich scienc

13、e can show how to（ ）for the relief of human hard work（有很多自然力量科學(xué)可以告訴我們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^(guò)這些能源來(lái)減輕人類(lèi)的辛苦）可知，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。第5題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)level“水平”，B項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，C項(xiàng)condition“條件，情況”，D項(xiàng)circumstance“環(huán)境，狀況”。根據(jù)句子and for raising the（ ）of living. The possibilities are enormous（為了提高生活水平）可知，standard of living是固定搭配，表示“生活水平

14、”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。第6題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)better“更好”，B項(xiàng)improvement“提高，改善”，C項(xiàng)advance“發(fā)展，前進(jìn)”，D項(xiàng)progress“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。根據(jù)句子“But the difficulties in the way of effecting a change for the（ ）are not less enormous and are often overlooked”可知，change for the better是固定搭配，表示“好轉(zhuǎn)，改善”。句意：但要想改變現(xiàn)狀，取得進(jìn)步，困難并不小，而且常常被忽視。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。第7題:考查詞義

15、辨析。A項(xiàng)only“僅，只有”，B項(xiàng)also“也”，C項(xiàng)even“甚至”，D項(xiàng)never“從未”。根據(jù)句子“The full benefits of science can（ ）be gained with the cooperation of the people in need of assistance.”可知，with the cooperation of the people in need of assistance（與需要幫助的人合作）是發(fā)揮科技的唯一條件，因此只有only符合。句意：科學(xué)的全部益處只有在需要幫助的人們的合作中才能獲得。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。第8題:考查條件狀語(yǔ)

16、從句。A項(xiàng)unless“除非”，B項(xiàng)until“直到”，C項(xiàng)if“如果”，D項(xiàng)even“甚至”。根據(jù)句子“That cooperation is regrettably ineffective（ ）the people also have some understanding of the means used.”可知，這是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，排除B、D選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)是表示“假設(shè)的條件”，因此只有A選項(xiàng)符合。句意：令人遺憾的是，除非人民對(duì)所使用的手段也有一些了解，否則這種合作是無(wú)效的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。第9題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)up“向上”，break up表示“打碎，解散”；B項(xiàng)down“

17、向下”，break down表示“分解，發(fā)生故障”；C項(xiàng)out“出現(xiàn)，向外”，break out表示“爆發(fā)”；D項(xiàng)off“離開(kāi)，脫落”，break off表示“折斷，突然停止”。根據(jù)句子“Farm machinery, broken（ ）and neglected for lack of skilled mechanics, can be a source of ruin than of profit.”，空格前面有machinery（機(jī)器），可知只有B選項(xiàng)符合，表示“機(jī)器故障”。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械由于缺乏熟練的機(jī)械師而被損壞和忽視，與其說(shuō)是利潤(rùn)的來(lái)源，還不如說(shuō)是毀滅的來(lái)源。因此，該題選擇B選項(xiàng)正

18、確。第10題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱，操作”，B項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用”，C項(xiàng)possess“擁有”，D項(xiàng)designate“指定，指派”。根據(jù)句子“If the methods recommended by the scientist are（ ）by those who have some knowledge of science”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：如果科學(xué)家推薦的方法被那些有一些科學(xué)知識(shí)的人應(yīng)用。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。4.翻譯題British previous colonial policies led to the spread of Eng

19、lish across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been won

20、dering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to ad

21、opt another language as their mother tongue. To discard ones native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased.【答案】答：英國(guó)以前的殖民政策導(dǎo)致了英語(yǔ)在世界各地的傳播。美國(guó)的廣泛影響又進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了英語(yǔ)的廣泛使用。然而，英語(yǔ)作為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言的主導(dǎo)地位既是好事，也是壞事。一方面，它加速了一些語(yǔ)言的滅絕。人們一直在想是否有可能創(chuàng)造一種全球語(yǔ)言，從而有望結(jié)束那些語(yǔ)言引起的麻煩和沖突。不幸的是，因?yàn)槟骋徽Z(yǔ)言的本族語(yǔ)者不愿意把另一種語(yǔ)言當(dāng)作自己的母語(yǔ)，世界語(yǔ)言

22、一致的嘗試收效甚微。拋棄自己的母語(yǔ)，就等于是抹掉自己民族的特色。5.單選題Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are theyll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in Americans since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de C

23、revecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote, “We

24、are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained, because each person works for himselfWe have no princes, for whom we toil, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry fol

25、low with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who

26、rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became Americans best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend millions every year reading a

27、bout the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But

28、dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols

29、: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.1. What is the es

30、sence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?2. By saying “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” (Para.1), the author means（ ）.3. The characters described in Horatio Algers novels are people who（ ）.4. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the

31、 second paragraph that（ ）.5. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.People are free to develop their power of imagination.tB.People who are honest and work hard can succeed.tC.People are free from exploitation and oppression.tD.People can fully enjoy individual freedo

32、m.t問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.the more diligent one is, the bigger his returnstB.laborious work ensures the growth of an industrytC.a mans business should be developed step by steptD.a companys success depends on its employees hard workt問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.succeeded in real estate investmenttB.earned enormous fortunes by chancestC.

33、became wealthy after starting life very poortD.became famous despite their modest originst問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.business success often contributes to a successful marriagetB.Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifetC.good personal relationships lead to business successtD.successful business people provide

34、 good care for their childrent問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.The American road to success is full of nightmares.tB.Status symbols are not a real indicator of a persons wealth.tC.The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.tD.What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】第

35、1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在克雷夫科爾看來(lái)，美國(guó)夢(mèng)的本質(zhì)是什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imagi

36、nations of many European readers（像克雷夫科爾這樣的早期移民高度贊揚(yáng)了在這片新土地上發(fā)現(xiàn)的自由和機(jī)會(huì)；他對(duì)一個(gè)任何人都可以通過(guò)誠(chéng)實(shí)和勤奮獲得成功的無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)的熱情洋溢的描述激發(fā)了許多歐洲讀者的想象力），由此可知，在克雷夫科爾看來(lái)，這里的人只要誠(chéng)實(shí)、努力工作就會(huì)獲得成功的機(jī)會(huì)，而這種機(jī)會(huì)從根本上說(shuō)是源自美國(guó)的自由；故D項(xiàng)“人們可以充分享受個(gè)人自由”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“人們可以自由地發(fā)展自己的想象力”，表述與原文不符合；B項(xiàng)“誠(chéng)實(shí)和努力工作的人能成功”，表述太絕對(duì)；C項(xiàng)“人民從剝削和壓迫中解放出來(lái)”這不屬于克雷夫科爾的觀點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。第2題:推理判斷題。題

37、干意思是“第一段作者通過(guò)說(shuō)一個(gè)人的辛勤勞動(dòng)所得到的回報(bào)與他的勞動(dòng)進(jìn)步是同等的的意思是”。題干的句子出現(xiàn)在文章第一段最后一句話The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.（在這片土地上，“一個(gè)人的辛勤勞動(dòng)所得到的回報(bào)與他的勞動(dòng)進(jìn)步是同等的”

38、，這一承諾吸引了來(lái)自歐洲的貧窮移民，并推動(dòng)了國(guó)家向西部地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張），結(jié)合上一句We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained, because each person works for himselfWe have no princes, for whom we toil, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.（我們都對(duì)一種不受束縛、不受約束的工業(yè)精神感到

39、興奮，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都為自己工作；我們沒(méi)有為他們辛勞、挨餓和流血的君主；我們是現(xiàn)存于世界上最完美的社會(huì)）可知，題干的這句話的意思是一個(gè)人越勤奮得到的回報(bào)越多，故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人越勤奮，他的回報(bào)就越大”正確。B項(xiàng)“費(fèi)力的工作確保了產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展”和C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的事業(yè)應(yīng)該一步一步的發(fā)展”均不符合原文意思；D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)公司的成功取決于它的員工的努力工作”，文章沒(méi)有提到公司。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“阿爾杰小說(shuō)中描述的人物是”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段第三句In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for

40、 young boys, became Americans best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales（19世紀(jì)，年輕男孩小說(shuō)作家阿爾杰憑借描寫(xiě)白手起家的故事成為美國(guó)暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)作家）可知，阿爾杰小說(shuō)中描述的人物是白手起家的，故C項(xiàng)“在開(kāi)始貧窮的生活后變得富有”正確。A項(xiàng)“在房地產(chǎn)投資上很成功”不是描述阿爾杰小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容；B項(xiàng)“靠運(yùn)氣賺了巨大的財(cái)富”和D項(xiàng)“雖然出身卑微，卻很出名”不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第二段的最后一句話可以推斷出”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句The myth of success has e

41、ven invaded our personal relationships: today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.（成功的神話甚至已經(jīng)侵入了我們的人際關(guān)系：如今，在婚姻或?yàn)槿烁改阜矫嫒〉谩俺晒Α迸c在事業(yè)上取得成功一樣重要），由此可推斷，美國(guó)人希望在婚姻、生活和事業(yè)等各方面都取得成功，故B項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人希望在生活的各個(gè)方面都成功”正確。A項(xiàng)“事業(yè)上的成功往往有助于一個(gè)成功的婚姻”和C項(xiàng)“良好的人際關(guān)系導(dǎo)致商業(yè)成功”，表

42、述不準(zhǔn)確；D項(xiàng)“成功的商人為他們的孩子提供良好的照顧”文章未提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)文化的悖論是什么？”。根據(jù)文章最后一句These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.（這些身份差別的象征物一方面使我們堅(jiān)信人人平等，另一方

43、面我們又竭盡全力將自己和他人區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)），由此可知美國(guó)人崇尚人人平等，但是又努力追求成功和地位，所以D項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人所追求的往往與他們的信仰相矛盾”表述正確。A項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的成功之路充滿了噩夢(mèng)”，原文是But dreams easily turn into nightmares.（但是夢(mèng)很容易變成噩夢(mèng)），該項(xiàng)表述不準(zhǔn)確；B項(xiàng)“地位的象征并不是一個(gè)人財(cái)富的真實(shí)指標(biāo)”，最后一段指出Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear

44、 the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods.（在神話的壓力下，我們沉迷于地位的象征：我們?cè)噲D住在“正確”的社區(qū)，穿“正確”的衣服，吃“正確”的食物），可知文章并沒(méi)有把地位和財(cái)富作比較；C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)夢(mèng)只是一個(gè)空洞的夢(mèng)”，文中沒(méi)有這樣表述。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。6.問(wèn)答題The patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. Th

45、e medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.(1) Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. (2) Ye

46、t even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially l

47、ived in the hospital while training. (3) Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the

48、 benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them

49、that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” (4) But in the real world, it may be extre

50、mely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. (5) Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedbackpositive and negati

51、veabout their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and non-confrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfor

52、tunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patients benefit, is whistle-blowing.【答案】答：1.Almost certainly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor.2.The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, despit

53、e appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians.3.At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly.4.But in real hospital environment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command.5.Medical students and residents should make regular feedback about their supervisin

54、g physicians, positively and negatively at the end of their rotation.【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對(duì)上文的肯定，上文提到The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.（學(xué)醫(yī)的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到他的回答很吃驚，因?yàn)樗芸隙](méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)檢查），所以改寫(xiě)的時(shí)候需要結(jié)合上文的內(nèi)容來(lái)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，故改寫(xiě)為Almost certa

55、inly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到他的導(dǎo)師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學(xué)醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，并且acts can jeopardize patients指的是作為指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生，他們的錯(cuò)誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫(xiě)為despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（盡管指導(dǎo)

56、醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來(lái)替代，所以句子改寫(xiě)為T(mén)he inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說(shuō)話的傾向和能力，盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）。3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級(jí)最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學(xué)生。at the bottom of the heap（在底層）指的是等級(jí)制度的底層

57、，所以可以改寫(xiě)為at the bottom of hierarchy；另外who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)的，所以句式可以精簡(jiǎn)，故這個(gè)句子可改寫(xiě)為At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly（在等級(jí)制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學(xué)生）。4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境，in real world（在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而the chain of command（指揮鏈）的對(duì)象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學(xué)生；故該句子可以改寫(xiě)為But in real hospital env

58、ironment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command（但在現(xiàn)實(shí)的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學(xué)生想要得到指揮權(quán)是相當(dāng)困難的）。5.原文句意是：學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結(jié)束時(shí)對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負(fù)面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positive and negative在原文中是作為插入語(yǔ)使用，所以可以改為positively and negatively；故該句可改寫(xiě)為Medical students and residents should make reg

59、ular feedback about their supervising physicians, positively and negatively at the end of their rotation（醫(yī)學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師應(yīng)該在輪崗結(jié)束時(shí)，定期對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生做出正面和負(fù)面反饋）。7.單選題I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查詞義辨析。i

60、n due course表示“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，及時(shí)”；A項(xiàng)at proper time“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，B項(xiàng)of course“當(dāng)然”，C項(xiàng)in my own way“以我自己的方式”，D項(xiàng)sooner or later“遲早，早晚”。句意：我會(huì)告訴湯姆他是收養(yǎng)的孩子，但我會(huì)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候告訴他。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。8.單選題If the population keeps on growing, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the earth.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.maintainB