2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號2

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題EtiquetteTo be able to answer the question “Is etiquette important?” one must have an understanding of the true meaning of the word. There is no simple definition of synonym, but to me “consideration” comes the clos

2、est. All good manners are based on thoughtfulness for others, and if everyone lived by the Golden Rule“Do unto others as you would have others do unto you” there would be no bad manners in the world. There have been many attempts to define “etiquette” over the years, but my own particular favorite w

3、as found in an old grammar book. It is, “Politeness is to do and say the kindest thing in the kindest way.”The type of person for whom books on etiquette hold an interest has changed almost as much as manners themselves. Until the first edition of Etiquette was printed in 1922, the idea prevailed th

4、at manners held little interest for anyone other than the rich, or members of so-called “society”. Today, fortunately, our attitude toward manner is far more sensible.【答案】禮儀“禮儀重要嗎？”若要回答這個問題，我們必須懂得“禮儀”一詞的真正含義。 我們無法把這個詞簡單地定義或給出某個同義詞，而在我看來，“體諒”則是最貼切的詮釋。一切禮貌的行為舉止皆以體貼他人為基礎。如果人人都能遵循“己所不欲，勿施于人”這一黃金法則，這世界上也

5、就不會有不禮貌的行為了。多年來，很多人都試圖給“禮儀”定義，但我特別喜愛的解釋是在一本古老的語法書中發(fā)現的，書中這樣寫到，“文雅就是善良地做事，和善地說話?！睂ΧY儀書籍感興趣的那一類人的變化幾乎和禮儀本身一樣大。直到1922年禮儀第一版出版，人們普遍認為，除了富人或所謂“社會”成員之外，任何人對禮儀都不感興趣。今天，幸運的是，我們對待禮貌的態(tài)度要明智得多。2.填空題【答案】1.waswere2.speakingspoken3.去掉the4.wereare5.theythere6.去掉are7.onin8.inon9.eastEast10.was (of) great【解析】1.考查there

6、be句型的用法。There be句型的構成形式一般為“There is/are+某物/人+某地/時”，表示某地/時有某物/人。There be句型是英語中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。當動詞be后所接的名詞是單數可數名詞或不可數名詞時，be 應該取單數is；當其后所接的名詞是復數的可數名詞時，be用復數are。該句中動詞be后面接的名詞是languages，為復數，be動詞也應用復數形式。句意：在這片大陸上有200到250種不同的語言。因此本題應把was改為were。2.考查非謂語動詞做后置定語。后置定語即定語放在名詞后面，成為后置定語。由于該句已有謂語動詞b

7、e動詞，speaking應作為非謂語動詞來修飾languages。動詞的非謂語形式，一般包括動名詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞。doing表示正在進行的動作，并且/或者是名詞的主動語態(tài)，單個-ing作定語后置，表示強調動作，-ing短語作定語一般后置，-ing作定語一般要求其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在說話時該動作正在進行，否則要用從句作定語。done表示已經完成的動作，并且/或者是名詞的被動語態(tài)。該句中的languages和speak是被動關系，即語言被說，所以應用過去分詞。句意：在這片大陸上有200到250種不同的語言。因此本題應把speaking改為spoken。3.考查ove

8、r的固定用法。over +數字，表示數目，數量，時間，年齡等超過所以over后面接數字表示“超過”意思時不用加the。句意：其中一些語言今天仍然存在：大約20種語言仍然存在，但超過150種現在已經消失了。因此本題應把the去掉。4.考查時態(tài)一致。英語時態(tài)一致也叫時態(tài)呼應。指在復合句中某些從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)往往受主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)的影響，因此，須保持主從兩部分從句中的時態(tài)一致。該句的主句部分謂語動詞為一般現在時“do not know”，根據時態(tài)一致原則，從句部分的謂語動詞也應用一般現在時。句意：我們現在還不知道整個大陸使用的所有語言的名稱。因此本題應把were改為are。5.考查句意。句意：我

9、們現在不知道整個大陸使用的所有語言的名稱，但有一些生活在這個國家的各種各樣的風景和氣候中的語言群體。如果不把they改為there，就會出現指代不明的現象。因此本題應把they改為were。6.考查句子結構。英語句子中只能有一個謂語動詞，be lived in不是固定短語搭配，不能用來當謂語，所以應刪去be動詞和lived in中的一個，而該句子想表達的意思是：生活在這個國家的各種各樣的風景和氣候中的語言群體，所以不能刪去lived in。因此本題應刪去are。27.【試題答案】onin【試題解析】考查固定搭配。in the desert“在沙漠；在沙漠里；在沙漠中”。句意：阿勒特人生活在沙漠

10、地區(qū)。因此本題應把on改為in。8.考查固定搭配。on the plain“在平原上”。句意：Thurrawai人、Dhurga人和Dyiringa人生活在東南部肥沃的Illawarra平原上。因此本題應把in改為on。9.考查專有名詞。South East“東南；東南方的”為專有名詞，首字母應大寫。句意：Thurrawai人、Dhurga人和Dyiringa人生活在東南部肥沃的Illawarra平原上。因此本題應把east改為East。10.考查固定搭配。be of great significance“有重大意義的；意義重大”。句意：成為一個特定語言群體的成員具有重大的社會和文化意義。因此

11、本題應在was后面加上of。3.單選題Samuel Slater was born in Belper, England, in 1768. On completion of his seven year apprenticeship in an English spinning mill, he was apparently so worried about the growth, and hence saturation, of the industry in the United Kingdom that, in 1789, without the knowledge of his fa

12、mily, Slater traveled to America at the age of 21. This was done in secret; it was illegal at the time to export anything to the U.S. relating to machinery, including engineers. Also, the U.S. was offering rewards for textile information.Arriving in New York, it was not long before he learned of the

13、 experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Pawtucket, with more advanced machines than the Spinning Jennys used in New York. Initially without any contract, and working alongside the engineers already employed at the Almy and Brown mill, Slater successfully reworked a spinning frame alon

14、g the lines of Arkwrights Water Frame. This three months of work resulted in a partnership with Almy and Brown. He understood the whole spinning process and knew which machines were vital to overall success of a mill.However, that management training and knowledge really came into its own over the n

15、ext two years as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen in the techniques that had proved so successful in Belper. Without these, Slater believed the industry would not flourish. In particular, his aim was to maximize the output from the machinery and develop the ma

16、rket place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. Prior to this, the philosophy of Almy and Brown was to produce only to order. By 1792, Slater had proved, through the use of his Belper-learned management techniques, that he could make spinning a profitable business. This led to build

17、ing the Old Slater Millthe first successful U.S. cotton spinning mill. Slaters view was to concentrate on a specific aspect and specialize. The other partners believed in covering the whole textile process through to finished goods, including knitting. As a result, in 1797, Slater broke away and bui

18、lt his own larger millthe White Mill. Following the success of Slaters business, the cotton industry really took off and over the next ten or so years, over eighty mills developed. Slater has been called both the “Father of American Industry”, and the “Founder of the American Industrial Revolution”.

19、1. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, Slater was attracted to the Almy and Brown mill because _.3. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT one of Slaters aims in his approach to running a mill?4. What had Slater proved by 1792?5. Slater left A

20、lmy and Brown to establish _.問題1選項A.Slaters arrival in AmericaB.New York and the Almy and Brown millC.The first three months and achievement of a partnershipD.Slaters understanding of the spinning process問題2選項A.they were in PawtucketB.they were innovative and had advanced machinesC.he did not have t

21、o have a contractD.they employed professional engineers問題3選項A.maximizing outputB.sales developmentC.Belper management techniquesD.covering the full process through to knitted goods問題4選項A.That his imported management techniques worked.B.That the philosophy of Almy and Brown was wrong.C.That he could

22、build his own successful mill.D.That he could sell all the yarn he could produce.問題5選項A.the Old Slater MillB.the White MillC.over eighty millsD.ten or so mills【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據第二段倒數第二句“This three months of work resulted in a partnership with Almy and Brown.（經過三個月的努力，斯萊特與阿爾米

23、和布朗建立了伙伴關系。）”可知第二段主要講的是斯萊特與另外兩個工廠的合作以及取得的成就，所以C選項“合伙的頭三個月和成就”符合題意。A選項“斯萊特到達美國”；B選項“紐約、阿爾米和布朗磨坊”；D選項“斯萊特對紡紗過程的理解”均不符合題意，因此C選項正確。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據第二段“Arriving in New York, it was not long before he learned of the experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Pawtucket, with more advanced machines tha

24、n the Spinning Jennys used in New York.（到達紐約后不久，他就知道了摩西布朗和威廉阿爾米在波塔基特的實驗工作，他們用的機器比紐約使用的詹妮絲紡車還要先進。）”，由此可知是布朗和阿米爾他們的先進機器吸引了斯萊特，所以B選項“他們是創(chuàng)新的且有先進的機器”符合題意。A選項“他們在波塔基特”；C選項“他不需要簽合同”；D選項“他們雇傭專業(yè)工程師”。因此B選項正確。3.判斷推理題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段“In particular, his aim was to maximize the output from the machinery and develop

25、 the market place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. （特別是，他的目標是最大限度地提高機器的產量和發(fā)展市場，以銷售所有能生產的紗線。）”，由此可知A選項“輸出最大化”和B選項“發(fā)展銷售”正確，可排除；第三段開頭提到“.as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen in the techniques that had proved so successful in Belper.（因為斯萊特努力向處于

26、萌芽階段的紡織業(yè)和商人傳授在貝爾珀非常成功的技術。）”，由此可知C選項“貝爾珀管理技術”正確，也可排除；根據第三段“Slaters view was to concentrate on a specific aspect and specialize. The other partners believed in covering the whole textile process through to finished goods, including knitting. （斯萊特的觀點是專注于一個特定的方面并專門化。其他合作伙伴認為應該涵蓋整個紡織過程到成品，包括針織。）”，由此可知D選項

27、“涵蓋針織產品的整個生產過程”并不是斯萊特的目的，因此該題應選D選項。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段“By 1792, Slater had proved, through the use of his Belper-learned management techniques, that he could make spinning a profitable business.（到1792年，斯萊特已經證明，通過使用他在貝爾珀學會的管理技巧，他可以使紡紗生意有利可圖。）”，由此可知斯萊特證明了他引進的技術能讓紡紗生意有利可圖，所以A選項“他引進的管理技術有效”符合題意。B選項“阿爾

28、米和布朗的觀點是錯誤的”；C選項“他可以建立自己成功的工廠”；D選項“他能賣掉他能生產的所有紗線”都不符合題意，因此A選項正確。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段“As a result, in 1797, Slater broke away and built his own larger millthe White Mill. （結果，在1797年，斯萊特單飛并建立了他自己的更大的磨坊白磨坊。）”，由此可知B選項“白磨坊”正確。A選項“老斯萊特磨坊”；C選項“年過八十的磨坊”以及D選項“大約10個磨坊”均說法錯誤，因此B選項正確。4.單選題The English language

29、contains a(n) _ of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.問題1選項A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項altitude“高地；高度；頂垂線；高級；海拔”；B選項latitude“緯度；界限；活動范圍”；C選項multitude“大量，多數；群眾，人群”；D選項attitude“態(tài)度；看法；意見；姿勢”。根據固定搭配a multitude of“大批的，眾多的；大量的；一大批”可知句意為：英語語言還有很

30、多相對來說很少被使用在我們的日常談話中的單詞。因此C選項正確。5.單選題Experiments in the photography of moving objects _ in both the United States and Europe well before 2000.問題1選項A.have been conductingB.was conductedC.had been conductedD.being conducted【答案】C【解析】考查語態(tài)和時態(tài)。本題主要考查過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。Experiments“實驗”只能被人做，所以只能用被動語態(tài)，再根據時間線“before 2

31、000”可知動作完成在過去的過去，故用過去完成時。句意：早在2000年之前，美國和歐洲就已經開展了運動物體攝影的實驗。因此C選項正確。6.單選題Bob takes pride in doing a job and getting it done _ much time is required.問題1選項A.no matter howB.the matter soC.in a matter ofD.for the matter of【答案】A【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項no matter how“無論怎樣；無論如何；不管如何；不管怎樣”；C選項in a matter of“左右；大約只不過在之內

32、”；B選項和D選項無實際意義。句意：無論工作需要多少時間，鮑勃都能把它完成，并以此為傲。因此A選項正確。7.單選題It took us only a few hours to _ the paper off all four walls.問題1選項A.shearB.scrapeC.strikeD.chip【答案】B【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項shear off“剪斷；切掉”；B選項scrape off“刮掉；擦去”；C選項strike off“砍掉；勾銷；擊斷；印刷；輕易做成”；D選項chip off“切下；削去；崩裂；拆取芯片”。句意：我們只用了幾個小時就把四面墻上的紙刮掉了。因此B選項正確

33、。8.單選題Luis Figueroa lives down the street from UC Merced, the newest campus in the University of California system. So its not surprising that the 21 years old studies from the comfort of his own home. But hes not enrolled at Merced: from his living-room computer, Figueroa is earning his bachelors d

34、egree in business administration at Columbia College in Missouri, some 2,000 miles away. At $630 per courseabout $1,800 per semesterhis online degree will cost far less than even in-state tuition at UC. Not only that, Figueroa is able to continue working full time in a management-training job with A

35、T&T in Merced, a job he feels lucky to have in the current economic climate. “Once I realized I had time constraints, I knew the traditional classroom wouldnt work,” he says. “Courses online are open 24 hours a day, and Im able to go there any time I want.”That convenience is one of the main reasons

36、 nearly 4 million American students took at least one online course in the 2007-2008 school year, according to a study by the Sloan Foundation. The same study found that online enrollment is growing at a rate more than 10 times that of the higher-education population at large12.9 percent vs.1.2 perc

37、ent for traditional in seat students. Nowhere is the growth faster than among younger students like Figueroa who are opting for online learning, even when the traditional classroom isin his caseright outside the front door. “This is a generation that lives online,” says Vicky Phillips, founder and C

38、EO of G, a service that ranks online learning institutions. “Everything is instant, accelerated, and accessible, and they expect their education to be that way too. For them there is no clear line between the virtual world and the actual world.”O(jiān)nce targeted at older, working adults, distance learni

39、ng has moved into the education mainstream at stunning speed over the past couple of years, as technology allows ever-richer, more -interactive learning experience onlineand as college costs continue to rise and classrooms are packed to capacity. For traditional brick-and-mortar institutions, that h

40、as meant a scramble to enter a lucrative market that used to be the exclusive territory of for-profit institutions such as the University of Phoenix and Kaplan University. Established brand-name educatorsincluding Stanford, Cornell, Penn State, and MIT, which has placed its entire curriculum online

41、through its Open Courseware programnow offer extensive online learning options and are competing with the for-profits for students. “The stigma is gone,” says Phillips. “Online learning has reached mass cultural acceptance. Its no longer the ugly stepsister of the higher-education world.”O(jiān)nline offe

42、rings these days can sometimes even surpass the classroom experience. Aaron Walsh, a professor at Boston College and a former videogame designer, has pioneered Immersive Education, a method of teaching through virtual worlds. Meeting in Second Life instead of a physical classroom, says Walsh, allows

43、 for some feats that gravity renders impossible, like having art-history students fly to the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel or biology majors to take a Magic School bus-like trip through the human body. Using videos, podcasts, live chats, Webcams, and wikis, educators increasingly see online learning

44、 as a way to engage the videogame generation with pedagogy that feels more like entertainment than drudgery. Students in the new homeland-security masters degree program at the University of Connecticut this fall, for example, will have coursework that resembles Grand Theft Auto: dwelling in a cyber

45、-city called San Luis Rey plagued with suicide bombers, biochemical attacks, and other disasters. At Arizona State, students in an Introduction to Parenting class raise a “virtual child”. They have to post the progress of their online charge through all the phases of childhood. “The classes are so m

46、uch more interactive, and I can log on when Im most ready to learn,” says Jaquelyn Holleran, a junior majoring in family and human development at ASU. “I like that so much better than having to rush to class or sit through a lecture thats boring.”As the largest generation since the baby boom attends

47、 college at a time of shrinking budgets and soaring costs, many educators believe that online learning holds the greatest promise for expanding the capacity of the U.S. higher-education system. And digital classrooms will surely play an important role in helping the Obama administration pursue its g

48、oal of raising the percentage of college graduates in the U.S. to first in the world by 2020 (at least 10 other countries now stand in the way). The surge in students with jobs and families, and those in the military, has also caused online enrollments to soar. Sarah Gerke, an Army private stationed

49、 in Iraq, keeps up with her coursework at Columbia College in Missouri, despite the occasional bombing. “Even if I could attend in person,” she writes in an e-mail from Camp Liberty, “I think I would stick with online classes for the convenience.”For public institutions such as the University of Mic

50、higan and the University of Massachusetts, online learning not only extends their brand, its a cost-effective way to serve more students. At UMass Online, enrollment among students under the age of 25 has increased 91 percent over the past three years. At Thomas Edison State College in Trenton, N.J.

51、, that growth rate over the same period is more than 100 percent. “The best way to lower the cost of higher education is to graduate on time,” says UMass president Jack Wilson. “More and more we see students using online learning as an accelerator, a way to move more quickly through their undergradu

52、ate program.”1. The study by the Sloan Foundation shows that _.2. According to Philips, what was the attitude of people towards online learning?3. By Immersive Education method, students can _.4. If you take a course at UMass Online, _.5. Compared with the traditional form, online education has all

53、the advantages EXCEPT _.問題1選項A.about 4 million American students took online courses in the 2007-2008 school yearB.the online enrollment is growing at a rate of more than 10 times per yearC.the ratio of traditional in seat and online enrollment growth rate is 12.9 to 1.2D.the biggest reason that so

54、many people take online courses is its convenience問題2選項A.Its a convenient way of learning.B.Its a cost-effective way of learning.C.Its a bad-reputed way of learning.D.Its an excellent way of learning.問題3選項A.enjoy some feats in physical classroom that gravity renders impossibleB.go to a city plagued

55、with suicide bombers, biochemical attacks and so onC.learn how to be a parent by raising an adopted child through InternetD.have a simulated trip through the human body in front of a computer問題4選項A.youll get a special degree different from campus-going counterpartsB.you can spend a shorter time to g

56、et a degree than going to campusC.youll receive higher standardized curricula than traditional educationD.you can accept class counseling from teachers at any time you want問題5選項A.online degree costs a lot less than in-class educationB.online education has many conveniencesC.online education is far m

57、ore interesting than traditional form of educationD.online education provides colorful activities which greatly enhance social life【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干可定位到文章第二段“That convenience is one of the main reasons nearly 4 million American students took at least one online course in

58、the 2007-2008 school year, according to a study by the Sloan Foundation.（根據斯隆基金會的一項研究，這種便利性是2007-2008學年近400萬美國學生至少選修一門在線課程的主要原因之一。）”，由此可知該項研究主要說明了線上學習的便捷性，因此D選項“很多人選擇在線課程的最大原因是它的方便”符合題意。A選項“在2007-2008學年，大約有400萬美國學生參加了在線課程”、B選項“網上報名正以每年10倍以上的速度增長”以及C選項“傳統的座位上課方式和網上招生增長率之比為12.9:1.2”說法都正確，但都是該研究的內容，其主要

59、目的還是說明線上課程的便捷性，因此D選項正確。2.判斷推理題。根據第三段最后一句“The stigma is gone Online learning has reached mass cultural acceptance. Its no longer the ugly stepsister of the higher-education world.（壞名聲的時代已經過去了。在線學習已為大眾文化所接受。它再也不是高等教育世界里丑陋的后來者了。”可推斷出，以前人們認為在線學習是不可取的，C選項“這是一種普遍認為很差的學習方法”符合題意。A選項“這是一種方便的學習方式”；B選項“這是一種經濟有

60、效的學習方式”；D選項“這是一種很好的學習方式”都與題干不符，因此C選項正確。3.判斷推理題。根據題干可定位到文章第四段“Aaron Walsh, a professor at Boston College and a former videogame designer, has pioneered Immersive Education, a method of teaching through virtual worlds.（波士頓學院教授、前電子游戲設計師亞倫沃爾什首創(chuàng)了沉浸式教育，這是一種通過虛擬世界進行教學的方法。）”，下文舉例進行說明，其中提到“l(fā)ike having art-hi