2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南財經(jīng)大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號28

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南財經(jīng)大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any （ ）on what he promises.問題1選項A.assuranceB.probabilityC.relianceD.conformity【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。assurance “保證，擔保”；probability“可能性，機率”；reliance“信賴，信心”；confor

2、mity“遵守，適合，符合”。句意：我老板已經(jīng)讓我失望太多次，我不會再對他的承諾抱任何希望。選項C符合題意。2.單選題The exhibition at the Shanghai Science and Technology Center （ ）such endangered animals as the giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.問題1選項A.detectsB.exploitsC.featuresD.survive【答案】C【解析】動詞辨析題。det

3、ect察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；exploit利用，開發(fā)；feature以.為特色；survive幸存，生還。句意：在上?？萍贾行呐e辦的展覽以大熊貓和東北虎等瀕危動物為特色，并且描述了保護它們所做的工作。選項C符合句意。3.單選題He believes that （ ）things dont necessarily mean they dont exist.問題1選項A.intangibleB.indispensableC.irresistibleD.visible【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。intangible意為“難以形容（或理解）的，無形的，觸不到的”；indispensable意為“不可缺少的

4、”；irresistible意為“無法抗拒的”；visible意為“看得見的”。句意：他認為觸摸不到的東西并不一定意味著它們不存在。4.單選題His memory seems to （ ）with age. There are a lot of things he couldnt remember clearly.問題1選項A.lessenB.diminishC.decreaseD.reduce【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。四個選項都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數(shù)目、程度、價值、實力等的減少；diminish指某事物對照原本基礎上數(shù)量或質(zhì)量少了很多；decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐

5、漸衰弱的過程；reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強度、數(shù)量等，也可指級別、地位或經(jīng)濟條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長而減弱，記憶力變得比原來差，因此選B。句意：他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長而減弱，有很多事情他記不清了。5.單選題He is quite sure that its （ ）impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days.問題1選項A.absolutelyB.exclusivelyC.fullyD.roughly【答案】A【解析】副詞辨析題。absolutely絕對地，完全地；exclusively唯一地，專有地；

6、fully充分地，徹底地；roughly粗糙地，概略地。句意：他很確定他絕對不可能在兩天內(nèi)完成這個任務。選項A符合句意。6.單選題In the U.S. 88 percent of smokers has started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is （ ）to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.問題1選項A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責任的，有義務的”； liberal “自由主

7、義的，慷慨的”；irrational “不合理的，無理性的，荒謬的”；illegal“非法的，違法的”。句意：在美國，88%的煙民十八歲之前就開始抽煙，盡管將煙售賣給未成年人是不合法的。選項D符合題意。7.單選題If you want to teach your children how to say sorry you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “I

8、m sorry I got angry with you, but.” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day.” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by whic

9、h people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a speci

10、fic act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parent

11、s who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might ne

12、ed help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old boy might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that

13、 raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, （ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “ （ ）”.3.It is not advisable to use the general, a

14、ll-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.問題1選項A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may f

15、ind the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology問題2選項A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset問題3選項A.is gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it ma

16、y make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting問題4選項A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant問題5選項A.a social issue calling for i

17、mmediate attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“but can render the apology ineffective.leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in

18、expecting an apology.”“但是”這個詞會讓道歉不起作用.這讓受傷害的人覺得他應該為自己的錯誤行為道歉，而不是期待別人的道歉。根據(jù)題干意思，如果一位母親在道歉之后加上“but”這個詞， 。選項A和B均無法在原文中找到對應信息；選項C錯誤，這種道歉方式會讓道歉無效，所以孩子并不會覺得容易接受；只有選項D“孩子可能覺得他應該向母親道歉”符合原文，所以正確。第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Im sorry youre upset.”定位到第三段最后一句“this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself

19、 to get upset by what the other person has done.”這表明你允許自己因為別人的所作所為感到沮喪，自己多少也有錯。潛在意思就是說，我知道你很難過，但這不應該怪我。選項B符合原文。第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“其次是籠統(tǒng)的一般性的道歉，它避免點明特別傷害或侮辱他人的具體行為，而且道歉的人應該承諾永遠不再這樣做。說“作為父母我很沒用”并不能讓一個人有任何具體的進步?！庇纱丝赏茢?，籠統(tǒng)的道歉并不能讓一個人有任何具體的進步，所以它是無效的；而且是籠統(tǒng)的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本題選C。第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“But even when

20、presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.”即使孩子們看到了真誠悔悟的例子，他們?nèi)匀恍枰恍椭鷣硪庾R到道歉的復雜性。選項A與原文不符，所以錯誤；選項C太過于片面，幫助不一定來自于父母，不能只考慮這一種因素，所以選項C也錯誤；選項D在文中沒有提及。根據(jù)下文具體的內(nèi)容可知，作者是根據(jù)孩子的年齡來具體舉例的，所以選項B“孩子的年齡應該被考慮進去”符合原文。第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，本

21、文主要講的是父母應該如何更好的道歉以便能夠教會自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社會問題，所以選項A和C范圍過于寬泛，不恰當；選項B很明顯不符合原文；選項D“道歉并不像看起來的那么簡單”符合原文，文章列舉了幾種道歉的表達方法并且提及道歉具有復雜性，所以選項D正確。8.單選題A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.問題1選項A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.target【答案】A【解析】

22、名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔保；security安全；demand需求；target目標。句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國家經(jīng)濟和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項A符合句意。9.單選題His total worldly possessions （ ）little more than the clothes he stood up in.問題1選項A.amounted toB.settled forC.turned offD.came at【答案】A【解析】詞組辨析題。amount to總計；settle for勉強同意；turn off關(guān)閉；come at達到。句意：他的全部財

23、產(chǎn)僅僅只有他所穿的衣服。這里是對他的全部財產(chǎn)進行一個總計，所以選項A更符合句意。10.單選題The advertisement says this material doesnt in the wash, but it has （ ）.問題1選項A.contractB.shrinkC.slimD.dissolve【答案】B【解析】動詞辨析題。contract縮短，感染；shrink收縮，縮水；slim使苗條；dissolve溶解，解散，消失。句意：.廣告上說這種料子洗的時候不會縮水，但它確實縮水了。選項B符合句意。11.單選題I absolutely oppose the （ ）that pr

24、ivatization（私有化）is now inevitable in our industry.問題1選項A.noticeB.notionC.impressionD.conscience【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。notice通知；notion概念，見解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。句意：我完全反對認為私有化在我們這個行業(yè)是不可避免的這種見解。選項B符合句意。12.單選題Since the two countries couldnt （ ） their differences, they decided to declare war on each oth

25、er.問題1選項A.resignB.renewC.recoverD.restore【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。resign “辭職，放棄”；renew “更新”；recover “恢復”；restore “恢復，還原”。句意：由于兩國不能放棄他們的不同之處，他們決定相互宣戰(zhàn)。選項A符合題意。13.單選題The meeting was（ ） by the National Association of Women for the purpose of furthering the womens liberation movement.問題1選項A.chairedB.sponsoredC.

26、participatedD.assigned【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。chair意為“擔任（會議、討論等的）主席，主持（會議、討論等）”；sponsor意為“贊助（活動、節(jié)目）等，主辦，舉辦”；participate意為“參加，參與”；assign意為“分派，選派，分配”。句意：會議由全國婦女協(xié)會主辦，目的是促進婦女解放運動。14.單選題Niagara Falls is a great tourist （ ）, drawing millions of visitors every year.問題1選項A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrang

27、ement【答案】B【解析】形近詞辨析題。attention注意力；attraction吸引人的事物；appointment任命，約定；arrangement安排，布置。句意：尼亞加拉瀑布是一個著名的旅游景點，每年吸引數(shù)以百萬計的游客。只有選項B符合語境。15.單選題When his contract was （ ）unexpectedly, he desperately needed a new job.問題1選項A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。accomplish “完成，實現(xiàn)，達到”；expi

28、re “期滿；終止”；fulfill “履行，實現(xiàn)，滿足”；terminate “終止，結(jié)束”。句意：當他的合同被出乎意料地終止時，他極度需要一份新工作。選項D符合題意。16.單選題Henrys news report covering the conference was so （ ）that nothing had been omitted.問題1選項A.understandingB.comprehensibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。understanding “理解”；comprehensible “可理解的”；

29、comprehensive “綜合的；廣泛的”；understandable “可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新聞報道非常詳盡，幾乎沒有遺漏。選項C符合題意。17.翻譯題In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense i

30、f not the anthropological (a.人類學的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盤) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It i

31、s truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: culture

32、and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.停滯的)or even are stable there is no chance to t

33、ry.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another chance, I will try again.” That keeps him going.

34、 Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲學家在他的一本著作中，夢想著未來地球上所有不同種族都融合成一種類型人的可能性。在文化的意義上，即便不是在人種的意義上，這樣一種類型的人正在洛杉磯誕生。由不同種族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行為組成的巨大合成體正奔向一個共同的目標。世界充滿著宗教的、種族的、民族的沖突，從這個角度來看，這種融洽的合作令人難以置信。也的確令人矚目。使得在一個地區(qū)的相互競爭的文化和諧共存的共同目標是什么呢？目標不僅僅是更高的生活水準。吸引移民前來美國的是美國文化的主要特性：有嘗試的機會。文化與空間這兩個重要方面結(jié)合了起來。文化使你得想辦法出人頭地去

35、發(fā)現(xiàn)自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。還有空間，不僅僅是地理意義上的空間，更是指機會，指社會身份的流動性。在充滿危機的社會中，在停滯不前的社會中甚至在那些穩(wěn)定的社會中沒有嘗試的機會。如果美國移民開始時遭遇失敗，他總是想：“我要再試一下”。如果他在原來的社會中遭遇失敗，他就會失去信心，變得悲觀失望，接受自己所處的地位。在美國，他想的是：“我還會有機會，我還要試一下?！边@使他堅持下去。他充滿了希望。18.單選題Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the （ ）will continue into t

36、he next decade.問題1選項A.emergencyB.trendC.paceD.schedule【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。emergency緊急情況，突發(fā)事件；trend趨勢，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule時間表，日程安排。句意：全世界的犯罪活動一直在增加，我們有充分的理由相信這一趨勢將持續(xù)到下一個十年。選項B符合句意。19.單選題It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, t

37、he basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmeti

38、c or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves, memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machin

39、es. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”- string of alphabetic or numerical characters- rea

40、dy for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sig

41、ht.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory c

42、apacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?2.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and huma

43、n beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?5.Human beings make themselves different from other animals by（ ）.問題1選項A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.I

44、t is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects our past experiences with the present問題2選項A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps information for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past問題3選項A.Computers have

45、better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 wordsD.Human beings are far superior to computers問題4選項A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It

46、may change what has been stored in it問題5選項A.having the ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:D第4題:A第5題:B【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和

47、我們的習慣和技能的根源都是我們過去的經(jīng)歷，這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來的”（The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，記憶能夠?qū)⑦^去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，因此選項D符合題意。第2題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第二句話提

48、到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實這類事情，還包括動物典型行為的改變”（It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves），可知選項A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的，排除；文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep informatio

49、n available for later use），由此可知選項B正確，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠記憶，可以把過去的經(jīng)驗與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，選項D“記住過去發(fā)生的事情”正確，排除。因此，選項C符合題意。第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計算機強大的存儲功能。計算機跟青少年都能記憶十萬左右的英語單詞，但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分，人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Co

50、nsider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人類比電腦要強，因此選項D符合題意。第4題:細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到“當語言極大的擴大人能夠記住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力時，這需要有巨大的記憶存儲量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory

51、capacity），因此選項A“能夠擴大存儲量”符合題意。第5題:細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲量將人類與其他動物區(qū)分開來”（It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals），因此選項B符合題意。20.單選題All the memories of his childhood had （ ）from his mind by the time he was 65.問題1選項A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.c

52、oncerned【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。fade “褪色，凋謝，逐漸消失”；illustrate “闡明，舉例說明”；confine “限制；禁閉”；concern “關(guān)系，與有關(guān)”，memory “記憶”。句意：在他65歲的時候所有關(guān)于童年的記憶都消失了。選項A符合題意。21.單選題The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one （ ）the other.問題1選項A.emphasizingB.reinforcingC.multiplyingD.increasing【答案】B【解析】動詞辨析題。emphasi

53、ze強調(diào)；reinforce加強，加固；multiply增加；increase增強，提高。句意：相同的因素推動工資和物價同時上漲，二者相互促進。這里指由于相互促進而增強，所以選項B最為恰當。22.單選題There are several possible explanations for the great job （ ）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United States.問題1選項A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability【答案】D【解析】名詞辨析題。crea

54、tivity創(chuàng)造性；security安全性；credibility確實性；stability穩(wěn)定性。句意：與美國巨大的工作流動性相比，日本的工作穩(wěn)定性高是有一些合理的解釋的。根據(jù)下文的mobility可推測，兩者形成對比，所以選項D正確。23.單選題Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization

55、 led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economics trends. It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnut

56、rition（營養(yǎng)不良）and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being s

57、eriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deat

58、hs or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “wi

59、ll harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed（有瑕疵的）”.However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dahl berg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough es

60、timates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor region