2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)12

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題Can a person consider himself a thinking, creative, responsible citizen and not care about history? Can an institution that proposes to foster such attributes do so without including history in its curriculum? Many

2、college students would answer such a question with an immediate Yes!But those who are quick to answer do so without reflecting on what history truly is and how and why it is important.History is boring, complain many students. Unfortunately, a lot of people pick up a bad taste of history from the pr

3、imary and secondary schools. Too many lower-level history courses (and college level, too) are rife with rote memorization of dates and events deemed important by the teacher and textbooks, coupled with monotone lectures that could induce comas in hyperactive children.Instead of simply making studen

4、ts memorize when Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese, teachers should concentrate on instilling an understanding of why the Japanese felt they had no alternative but to attack the United States. History is a discipline of understanding, not memorization.Another common complaint is that history is

5、unimportant. But even the most fanatic antihistory students, if they were honest, would have to admit that history is important at least within the narrow confines of their own disciplines of study. Why be an artist if you are merely going to repeat the past (and probably not as expertly, since you

6、would have to spend your time formulating theories Revolution again?How could anyone hope to be a mathematician, or a scientist, without knowing the fields history? Even a genius needs a base from which to build. History helps provide that base.【答案】（1）一個(gè)人可以自認(rèn)為是有思想、有創(chuàng)造性、有責(zé)任心的人，卻對(duì)歷史毫不在意嗎？一所提倡培養(yǎng)人的這類優(yōu)秀品

7、質(zhì)的學(xué)院會(huì)沒有歷史課程嗎？（2）很多低年級(jí)的歷史課程（甚至是大學(xué)的歷史課程）都只是要求學(xué)生對(duì)老師和教科書認(rèn)為重要的歷史日期和事件進(jìn)行死記硬背，還伴隨著枯燥乏味的講課，使原本思想活躍的學(xué)生都變得昏昏欲睡。（3）老師們不宜讓學(xué)生只是簡單記住日本偷襲珍珠港事件的時(shí)間，還應(yīng)該將日本為何別無選擇地襲擊美國的原因慢慢灌輸給學(xué)生，最終讓他們理解。（4）然而，即使是那些十分盲目地反對(duì)歷史的學(xué)生，只要他們還算誠實(shí)， 也不得不承認(rèn)，至少在他們自己所學(xué)的學(xué)科中，歷史對(duì)他們來說是重要的。（5）如果一個(gè)人不知道數(shù)學(xué)界或科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的歷史，他又怎能有望成為數(shù)學(xué)家或者科學(xué)家呢？即使是頗有天賦的人，也需要有一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)去發(fā)展成

8、為天才。歷史就是幫助打牢基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵因素。2.單選題（ ） the car accident, they would have arrived earlier.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Except forB.But forC.BesidesD.Save for【答案】B【解析】考查連詞辨析。except for除了以外；but for要不是； besides此外，而且；save for 保存為，除之外。句意：要不是那場車禍，他們可能早就到了。由下文they would have arrived earlier可知該句表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。 but for +n/pron，用于虛擬語氣。故答案B3.

9、單選題This border incident led to the two countries （ ）diplomatic relations in 1965.問題1選項(xiàng)A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。break up “打碎，分手”； finish “完成”； cut out“切斷，刪去”； break off “中斷”。句意：這次邊境沖突導(dǎo)致這兩個(gè)國家在1965年中斷了外交關(guān)系。由border incident可推知這兩國中斷了外交關(guān)系。答案D4.單選題Designed to meet

10、the global need for a jetliner sized between the companys own 767-300 and 4-engine 747-400, the new planes seating （ ）made it the worlds largest two-engine passenger plane.問題1選項(xiàng)A.abilityB.capacityC.capabilityD.facility【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。seating capacity “載客人數(shù)”，為固定搭配，故答案B。ability“能力”； capability “性能，容量”

11、； facility“設(shè)施”。 句意：它的載客人數(shù)使其成為世界上最大的雙引擎客機(jī)。答案B5.單選題The fire was finally brought under control, but not （ ）extensive damage had been caused.問題1選項(xiàng)A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.as【答案】A【解析】考查介詞辨析。 before “在之前”；since “自以來”；after“在之后”； as“因?yàn)椤薄＞湟猓罕M管這場火災(zāi)最終得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的損害。由but not轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災(zāi)已經(jīng)造成了大量損害，大量損害發(fā)生在前，火災(zāi)控制在

12、后。故A項(xiàng)正確。6.單選題The Chinese Red Cross （ ）a generous sum to the relief of the physically disabled.問題1選項(xiàng)A.assignedB.contributedC.furnishedD.administered【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。assign “分配，分派”；contribute “捐助，捐獻(xiàn)”；furnish“提供、供應(yīng)”；administer“管理”。句意：中國紅十字會(huì)捐出了一大筆錢來減輕殘疾人的痛苦。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B7.單選題Why in an age of technology, sho

13、uld so many people still cling to an ancient belief? In part it must be because astrology （占星術(shù)）claims to tell us something about ourselves, and all of us are interested in ourselves. I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are

14、misled by this.In fact，astrology was never a science. It was not a hypothesis or theory developed to describe natural phenomena, and until fairly recent times, there was no attempt to test or verify its predictions. Astrology began approximately three thousand years ago in Babylonia, it was applied

15、to monarchs and kingdoms, but not to individuals. It spread in the 6th century BC as Far as India, where it flourishes today. The Egyptians, meanwhile, developed their own kind of astrology. But the astrology now practiced in Europe and America is that developed by the Greeks, who synthesized the id

16、eas of Babylonians and Egyptians and enriched them with concepts from their own fertile imaginations. The Greeks believed that the earth was composed of four elements, and the heavens of a perfect crystalline material. The planets themselves were variously thought to be gods, residences of gods, or

17、at least manifestations of gods. The gods were immortal, but otherwise had the same attributes of anger, happiness, jealousy, rage and pleasure as we do. Now if what the gods thought was capricious （變化無 常的），at least the planets were predictable in their movements. Because our own lot in life is so u

18、npredictable, it must be purely at the mercy of gods. But if the gods are the planets, or somehow associated with them, then we have only to learn the rules of the motions of the planets to understand the whims of the gods and how they shape our own lives. So the belief developed that each of our li

19、ves is preordained by the precise configuration of the planets in the sky at the time of our birth.Astrology could not, of course, have seemed as incredible to the ancients as it does to us .The role of the sun influencing our daily and yearly lives is obvious; it was a natural extension to attribut

20、e other powers to the other planets as well. It wasnt until the time of Newton that we understood that the laws of Nature apply to the celestial worlds as well as to the terrestrial one. During antiquity, however, all great scholars believed in astrology.1.Many people are misled by astrology because

21、 it is presented by the practitioners as（ ）.2.It is implied that astrology is based on the belief that（ ）.3.Which of the following is TRUE about the scholars before the time of Newton?4.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.a theory that can describe natural phenomenaB.a magical

22、key to understand themselvesC.an ancient belief that had long been applied to monarchsD.a mysterious power beyond the explanation of science問題2選項(xiàng)A.the gods intentions were hard to predictB.the fate of our lives were unpredictableC.the gods are closely related to the planetsD.the gods have the same a

23、ttributes as we do問題3選項(xiàng)A.Some of them were convinced by astrology.B.They didnt know the laws of Nature apply to all planets.C.They played important roles in the development of astrology.D.Most of them found astrology incredible問題4選項(xiàng)A.To cast doubt on the origin of astrologyB.To compare astrology wit

24、h real sciences.C.To point out the popularity of astrology.D.To justify the incredibility of astrology.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this. 這是因?yàn)檎夹切g(shù)被它的現(xiàn)代實(shí)踐者描述為一門科

25、學(xué)，許多人被它誤導(dǎo)了?！睋?jù)此可知A項(xiàng)正確。答案A第2題:推理判斷題。The Greeks believed that the earth was composed of fourelements, and the heavens of a perfect crystalline material. The planetsthemselves were variously thought to be gods, residences of gods, or atleast manifestations of gods.希臘人相信地球是由四種元素組成的，而天堂是由完美的水晶物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。行星本身被以

26、各種方式認(rèn)為是神，神的住所，或者至少是神的顯現(xiàn)。據(jù)此可知C項(xiàng)“神被認(rèn)為與行星密切相關(guān)”正確。答案C第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章末尾“It wasnt until the time of Newton that we understood that the laws of Nature apply to the celestial worlds as well as to the terrestrial one. During antiquity, however, all great scholars believed in astrology. 直到牛頓時(shí)代，我們才明白自然法則不僅適用于地球，

27、也適用于天體。然而，在古代，所有偉大的學(xué)者都相信占星術(shù)?！笨芍糯鷮W(xué)者并不知道自然法則適用于所有行星。B項(xiàng)正確。第4題:主旨大意題。由第一段“I think it is because astrology is presented as if it were a science by its modern practitioner, and many people are misled by this. 我認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)檎夹切g(shù)被現(xiàn)代的從業(yè)者描述成一門科學(xué)，很多人被誤導(dǎo)了?！奔暗诙巍癐n fact，astrology was never a science. 事實(shí)上，占星術(shù)從來都不是一門科學(xué)?！?/p>

28、可知作者認(rèn)為占星術(shù)并非科學(xué)，不可信。答案D。本文主要是為了說明占星術(shù)不是科學(xué)，并未將占星術(shù)與真正的科學(xué)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故B項(xiàng)不對(duì)。文中對(duì)于占星術(shù)發(fā)展來源的敘述只是為了表明占星術(shù)是一種迷信，并不是本文的寫作目的，故A項(xiàng)不對(duì)。C項(xiàng)“指出占星術(shù)很受歡迎”并不是本文的寫作目的。8.單選題Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly （ ）to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.問題1選項(xiàng)A.subjectiveB

29、.subordinateC.liableD.vulnerable【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subjective 主觀的，個(gè)人的；subordinate從屬的，次要的；liable有傾向的，易的；vulnerable易受影響的。句意：一些研究人員意識(shí)到某些人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)特別易受干燥的熱風(fēng)的影響，我們稱這些人為天氣敏感癥患者。由weather sensitive people可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與sensitive意思一致，具有“易受影響的”意思，故答案D9.單選題The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while

30、six （ ）librariesspecially serve the countryside.問題1選項(xiàng)A.mobileB.driftingC.shiftingD.rotating【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。mobile library “流動(dòng)圖書館”； drifting “漂流的”； shifting “不斷移動(dòng)的”； rotating “旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)在全國36個(gè)圖書館運(yùn)行，而6個(gè)移動(dòng)圖書館專門服務(wù)農(nóng)村。由固定搭配可知A項(xiàng)正確。10.單選題Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is saidthe words. Wor

31、ds do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. So

32、metimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attent

33、ion to what Im feeling. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner. This step has to be fixed before Ill buy. The owner says, Its been like that for years. Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I don

34、t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you? The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let

35、 us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the oilier couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friends unusually docile behavior

36、may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says No” to a serials of charges like “Youre dumb.” “Youre lazy,

37、” and “Youre dishonest,” may also say “No” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And youre good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has beennice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistical

38、ly. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.1.“Im letting off some steam” in

39、 paragraph 2 means（ ）.2.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if（ ）.3.The house-owners example shows that he actually means（ ）.4.The word ritualistically in the last paragraph equals something done（ ）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Im just calling your attention.B.Im just kidding.C.I

40、m just saying the opposite.D.Im just giving off some sound.問題2選項(xiàng)A.they use proper words to carry their ideasB.they both speak truly of their own feelingsC.they try to understand each others ideas beyond wordsD.they are capable of associating meaning with their words問題3選項(xiàng)A.the step has been like that

41、 for years.B.he doesnt think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.問題4選項(xiàng)A.without true intentionB.light-heartedlyC.in a way of ceremonyD.with less emphasis【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:B第4題:C【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由 “We dont alwa

42、ys say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything except Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling. 我們并不總是言出必行。有時(shí)候我們說的話沒有任何意義，只是在發(fā)泄。我真的不希望你仔細(xì)聽我說的話。但是請注意我的感受?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“我在開玩笑”正確。答案B。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)

43、事實(shí)題。由第一段中的“Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. 詞匯確實(shí)給我們提供了一些信息，但它的意義來自于如此多的其他來源，以至于過多依賴言語會(huì)阻礙我們與他人交流的有效性?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確，不能太依賴字面意思，而是要根據(jù)具體語境去聯(lián)想，這

44、樣才能增加交流的有效性。答案D第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: I dont want to fix it 事實(shí)上，這個(gè)臺(tái)階已經(jīng)很多年來不是這樣的，但其中隱含的信息是：我不想把它修好”對(duì)應(yīng)可知B項(xiàng)正確。第4題:詞義題。此題可以根據(jù)排除法來做。由 “with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically.” 可知這句話“如果你能來那真是太好了”可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)、興奮或儀式性的語氣說出來?？上扰懦鼴、D項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“沒有

45、真正的意圖”也不符合。所以ritualistically意為儀式地。答案Ctically只可能與C項(xiàng)意思接近，答案C11.單選題Nancy was surprised that they have（ ）. They seemed to be a happy couple.問題1選項(xiàng)A.split upB.broken downC.fallen throughD.knocked out【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。split up“分開；離婚”； broken down “出故障”；fallen through “失敗”； knocked out “使筋疲力盡；神志不清”。 句意：南希很驚

46、訝他們已離婚，因?yàn)樗麄兛瓷先ナ悄敲葱腋５囊粚?duì)。由surprised及happy對(duì)比可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。答案A12.單選題Now that spring is here, you can （ ）these fur coats till you need them again next winter.問題1選項(xiàng)A.put overB.put awayC.put offD.put down【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。put over “推遲，駛過”；put away “放好，把收好”；put off “推遲，拖延”；put down “放下，記下”。 句意：春天來了，你可以把這些皮外套給收起

47、來，直到來年冬天再拿出來。B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案B13.單選題What are your （ ）for judging a bottle of wine?問題1選項(xiàng)A.regulationsB.rulesC.premisesD.criteria【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。 regulation規(guī)則，規(guī)定； rule規(guī)則，條例；premise假定，前提 ；criteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。句意：你判斷一瓶酒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？由judging可知需要一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能對(duì)事物作出判斷，故D項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。答案D14.單選題Mary was sure to win the prize. Her beauty and

48、intelligence made her （ ）from the candidates.問題1選項(xiàng)A.show offB.stand outC.appear upD.distinguish out【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。show off “炫耀”；stand out “突出，脫穎而出”； appear up“出現(xiàn)”； distinguish out “分辨出”。句意：Mary肯定能獲獎(jiǎng)。她的美麗和聰明將讓她從候選者中脫穎而出。由前半句以及Her beauty and intelligence可知她的外貌和才智將使她從候選者中脫穎而出。答案B15.單選題Some scientists

49、are dubious of the claim that organisms （ ）with age as an inevitable outcome of living.問題1選項(xiàng)A.depressB.defaultC.deteriorateD.degrade【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。depress “壓抑，使沮喪”； default“不履行，拖欠”； deteriorate “惡化，變壞”；degrade“退化，使降級(jí)”。句意：有機(jī)物隨時(shí)間流逝而退化，這也是生命不可避免的結(jié)果，一些科學(xué)家對(duì)此表示懷疑。D項(xiàng)符合題意，答案D16.單選題An education that aims at

50、 getting a student a certain kind of job is a （1）education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is（2） 一 required by law. It is not simply to（3） everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain concept

51、ion of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain（4） it was widely a

52、ccepted that some were just not equipped（5） nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimistic characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is（6） to be educated. Computer-education advocates （7） this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherw

53、ise cheery outlook.（8） on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（9） the job prospects of graduates over their educational （10）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive問題2選項(xiàng)A.differentlyB.universallyC.conver

54、selyD.regularly問題3選項(xiàng)A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise問題4選項(xiàng)A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent問題5選項(xiàng)A.inB.atC.byD.with問題6選項(xiàng)A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able問題7選項(xiàng)A.considerB.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell問題8選項(xiàng)A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking問題9選項(xiàng)A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.enlarge問題10選項(xiàng)A.academyB.positionC.

55、degreeD.achievement【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C第6題:A第7題:C第8題:B第9題:A第10題:D【解析】第1題:考查形容詞辨析。由空前的“aims at getting a student a certain kind of job”知 C項(xiàng)正確。 informal 非正式的； basic 基本的； technical技術(shù)的；expensive昂貴的。答案選C第2題:考查副詞辨析。differently不同地；universally普遍地；conversely相反地；regularly定期地，有規(guī)律地。 此處意為普及教育，故答案選B第3題:考

56、查動(dòng)詞辨析。form形成；consist由 組成； arise出現(xiàn)；raise提高。 此處意為提升得到工作的機(jī)會(huì)（提升工作前景）答案選D第4題:考查名詞辨析。 由attend school可知此處指“到了一定的上學(xué)年齡”。答案選B第5題:考查固定搭配。 by nature 天生地，生性，答案選C第6題:考查固定搭配。responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；suitable合適的。此處意為：適合教育。 be fit to 適應(yīng)，適合。 答案選A第7題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。 consider認(rèn)為，考慮；forget忘記；forsake放棄，斷念；foretell預(yù)言，預(yù)示。由 “for a pessimism t

57、hat betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. 用與他們樂觀外表相悖的悲觀情緒來替代?！笨芍颂幹复艞壛藰酚^的想法，故C項(xiàng)正確。第8題:考查固定搭配。bank on “依靠；依賴”知B項(xiàng)正確。第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由上文可知計(jì)算機(jī)支持者放棄了樂觀的想法及the job prospects of graduates over可知計(jì)算機(jī)支持者重視就業(yè)，emphasizeover 更重視。答案選A第10題:考查名詞辨析。academy學(xué)院； position位置，職位； degree程度，等級(jí)； achievement成就。對(duì)比可知 D項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：計(jì)算

58、機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者重視就業(yè)前景而非教育成就。答案選D。17.單選題There is no beer left and the pubs are shut so youll have to （ ）it.問題1選項(xiàng)A.go forB.go throughC.go offD.go without【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。go for “主張，擁護(hù)”； go through“仔細(xì)檢查”； go off “離開，進(jìn)行”； go without “沒有”。句意：這里沒有啤酒了，且酒吧也關(guān)門，所以你沒有啤酒喝了。由上下文語義可知D項(xiàng)正確。答案D18.單選題The accountant （ ）thousand

59、s of dollars from the charity while appearing to be its best funder raiser.問題1選項(xiàng)A.donatedB.validatedC.embezzledD.certify【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。donate捐贈(zèng)；validate 證實(shí)，驗(yàn)證 ；embezzled 盜用，挪用 ；certify證明，保證。句意：那個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)盜用善款幾千美元，卻表現(xiàn)出自己是最佳的捐助者。由while可知，前后兩句關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，后半句提到“最佳捐贈(zèng)者”，那么前半句句意應(yīng)與之相反。故C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C19.單選題Extensive reporti

60、ng on television has helped to（ ）interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.問題1選項(xiàng)A.assembleB.generateC.yieldD.gather【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。assemble“集合”；generate “引起，產(chǎn)生”； yield “屈服”； gather “收集”。 句意：電視上的廣泛報(bào)道引起了大家對(duì)各種各樣的體育活動(dòng)的興趣。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B20.單選題Without the friction between the feet and the ground, peo