中考英語語法丨賓語從句定語從句狀語從句

1、中考英語語法丨賓語從句/定語從句/狀語從句賓語從句一、定義在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。二、連結(jié)詞that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idontknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:Idontknowwhatthewordmeans.Idontknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的狀況：1.與ornot連用：Idontknowwhetheritsrainingornot.與動詞不定式連用：Hedoesntknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.連結(jié)詞前有介詞時：It

2、dependsonwhetherheiscoming.三、時態(tài)主句是一般此刻時態(tài)，從句依據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)狀況而定(各樣時態(tài)均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.假如賓語從句說的是客觀真諦、自然現(xiàn)象或事及時，這時賓語從句要用一般此刻時態(tài)。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoes

3、roundthesun.定語從句一、定義在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。二、先行詞先行詞指人who/that先行詞指物which/that定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后三、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞取代先行詞在句子中擔(dān)看作分，因此從句中不能夠再出現(xiàn)其余取代先行詞的代詞四、翻譯方法“.的”Whom:先行詞指人，則取代先行詞在定語從句中充任賓語（包含介詞的賓語）,與who的差別是假如前面帶介詞則必然用whomThisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.Idontliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:指人或物，作定語，表示“

4、的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.關(guān)系代詞只好that的特別狀況：1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高等修飾時：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行詞是不定代詞something,anything等時.先行詞是人和物時,用that.e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.5.先行詞被all,little,th

5、eonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等詞修飾時,只好用thate.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.特別疑問句以who或which開頭，只好用that指引.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：物+介詞+which;人+介詞+whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.狀語從句一、定義在復(fù)合句中由從句表示

6、的狀語稱作狀語從句，它能夠用來修飾謂語（包含非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。二、狀語從句一般分為八大類時間狀語從句地址狀語從句原由狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句退步狀語從句時間狀語從句When-當(dāng)時候,平常指某一特定的時間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When-正在的時候，忽然。平常主句是進(jìn)行時或beaboutto時，在翻譯的時候，when可以譯成沒想到或忽然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時，主句是一般時，經(jīng)常表示不滿。So

7、meoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While-在時期，經(jīng)常指一段時間。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While-表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As-一邊一邊,跟著Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewasli

8、steningtothemusic.As-AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment-=assoonas,immediately,-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Notuntil-Hedidntleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before-Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After-Thecustomerl

9、efttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since-,IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.Assoonas-Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan-nosoonerthanHardlywhenScarcelywhenNosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once-Onceyouseehim

10、,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtimewheneverEachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschoolIf,unless,aslongas,As(so)faras-incase,providedthat,onconditionthatIf-Ifyoudonthurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless-,=ifnotWecantgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas-只需Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepon

11、trying.As(so)faras-據(jù)所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase-假如,假如Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat假如,有時省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat-條件是Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.注:主從句的動作發(fā)生在未來時，則主

12、句用未來時,從句用一般此刻時。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport地址狀語從句地址狀語從句只有兩個連詞:Where,whereverWhere-在地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever-不論哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.原由狀語從句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat這六個連詞都用于表示表示原由,但在語氣上一個比一個弱.Because-因?yàn)?平常從句放在

13、主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldntfindhisluggage.As-因?yàn)?平常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since-既然因語氣較弱,常譯為既然(盡人皆知的原由)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat-既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat-顧及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingt

14、hat-因?yàn)镾eeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.結(jié)果狀語從句指引結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that,sothat,sothatsuchthatSothat-太以致于so后邊應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞,有時省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb噴氣炸彈.Sothat-因此，以便，為了有時so能夠省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Suchthat-太以致于用法與soth

15、at同樣，但such后邊應(yīng)用名詞。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.目的狀語從句指引目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that-以便,從句中經(jīng)常使用一些神態(tài)動詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Letstakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat-為了,與sothat同樣從句中經(jīng)常使用一些神態(tài)動詞，如：can,could,may

16、,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat-惟恐;為了防備(某事發(fā)生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.incase-萬一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest-以防萬一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.退步狀語從句指引退步狀語從句的連詞有：Although,t

17、hough,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though-固然although和though能夠交換，但although常放在句首。Though能夠用于倒裝。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidntsucceed.As-只管as指引退步狀語從句時，句子平常倒裝?？膳cthough交換。Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.Evenif/eventhough-即便Evenifyoudontlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.However-不論，however指引退步狀語從句時，句子平常倒裝Hecouldntgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.Nomatter(what,when,where,how)-不論（什么，何時，何地，如何）HewouldntforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.Whatever-不論Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewontchangehermi