商務(wù)英語句法特點6課件

LinguisticFeaturesof

BusinessEnglishLinguisticFeaturesof

SyntacticFeaturesofBusinessEnglish

商務(wù)英語句法特點

SyntacticFeaturesofBusinPassiveVoice商務(wù)英語合同的語旨是要闡述客觀事物的本質(zhì)特征，描述其發(fā)生、發(fā)展及變化過程，表述客觀事物間的聯(lián)系，所以其主體一般是客觀事物或自然現(xiàn)象，因此，被動語態(tài)也就得以大量為這樣的文本側(cè)重敘事推理，強調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確，第一、二人稱使用過多，會造成主觀臆斷的印象。因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動語態(tài)。PassiveVoice商務(wù)英語合同的語旨是要闡述客觀事物PassiveVoice例1:TheAppendixheretoshall，throughthecontractperiod，bedeemedtobeconstruedasanintegralpartofthisContract．譯文:整個合同期間，本合同附件應(yīng)理解為合同不可分割的一部分。句中的bedeemed和tobeconstrued都屬于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。Thistermmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportincludingmultimodaltransport.Ifsubsequentcarriersareusedforthecarriagetotheagreeddestination,theriskpasseswhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothefirstcarrier.PassiveVoice例1:TheAppendix非限定動詞多(NonfiniteVerbs)NonfiniteVerbs：gerund,infinitive,presentparticipleandpastparticiple非限定動詞雖然不能單獨作謂語，但仍然保留原有動詞的某些性質(zhì)，可以用狀語來修飾。如前所述，商務(wù)英語合同文本行文簡練，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，為此，往往使用分詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句;使用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語從句或并列分句;使用不定式短語代替各種從句;介詞十動名詞短語代替定語從句或狀語句。這樣可縮短句子，又比較醒目。非限定動詞多(NonfiniteVerbs)Nonfini非限定動詞多AttherequestofPartyB，PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment．中的toassistPartyB和toinstalltheequipment使句子的意思明明白白，“同意派遣技術(shù)人員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備”。Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyadditionalcostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.

Thebuyerwishtohavetheprotectionofgreatercover,hewouldeitherneedtoagreeasmuchexpresslywiththesellerortomakehisownextrainsurancearrangements.非限定動詞多AttherequestofPartyNominalization名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)多。使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)是商務(wù)英語合同的特點之一。因為科技英語文體要求行文簡潔、表達客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強調(diào)存在的事實而非某一行為。為使行文簡潔，商務(wù)英語合同中多用表示動作或狀態(tài)的抽象名詞或起名詞功用的V－ing形式以及名詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。Nominalization名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)多。使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)是商Nominalization例2:ThesubmissiontoandconsentbytheEngineerofsuchprogramsortheprovisionofsuchgeneraldescriptionsorcashflowestimatesshallnotrelievetheContractorofanyofhisdutiesorresponsibilitiesundertheContract．譯文:向工程師提交并同意的上述進度計劃或提供上述一般說明或現(xiàn)金流量估算，并不解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務(wù)或責(zé)任。。Nominalization本句中submission與consent，provision，descriptionsduties，responsibilities都是抽象名詞與后面的介詞構(gòu)成名詞化結(jié)構(gòu).Ifthesellerisresponsibleforclearingthegoods,payingdutiesetc.,considerationshouldbegiventousingtheDDPterm.本句中submission與consent，provisiPresentTense,PresentPerfect一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時較多。這兩種時態(tài)在商務(wù)英語合同中使用頻率高的原因是前者可以較好地表現(xiàn)文章內(nèi)容的無時間性，說明文章中的貿(mào)易關(guān)系的用語不受時間限制，任何時候都成立;后者則多用來表述雙方已經(jīng)完成的任務(wù)。PresentTense,PresentPerfectPresentTense,PresentPerfect例3:IncasePartyBbecomesdelinquentinthepaymentofanysumduehereunder，PartyAwillbeentitledtosuspendtheperformanceuntilsuchdelinquentiscorrected，andinitiateterminationforcauseinaccordancewithSection10．2．譯文:乙方違約未按本協(xié)議規(guī)定按期支付的，甲方有權(quán)中止履行協(xié)議，直至該違約得以糾正，甲方還有權(quán)于協(xié)議第十條第二款規(guī)定的事由出現(xiàn)時終止本協(xié)議的執(zhí)行。Incase從句和until從句中一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用willdo表一般將來時PresentTense,PresentPerfectLongSentences長句多。表述一個復(fù)雜概念或事物時，為了描敘精確，使之邏輯嚴密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，需使用長句，通常是因從句多或并列成分多而構(gòu)成的長句。例如:LongSentences長句多。表述一個復(fù)雜概念或事物時LongSentences例4:Withtheexceptionoflatedeliveryornon－deliverydueto"ForceMajeure"causes，iftheSellerfailstomakedeliveryofthegoodsinaccordancewiththetermsandconditions，jointlyorseverally，ofthisContract，theSellershallbeliabletotheBuyerandindemnifytheBuyerforalllosses，damages，includingbutnotlimitedto，purchasepriceand/orpurchasepricedifferentials，deadfreight,demurrage，andallconsequentialdirectorindirectlosses．TheBuyershallneverthelesshavetherighttocancelinpartorinwholeofthecontractwithoutprejudicetotheBuyer＇srighttoclaimcompensations．LongSentences例4:WiththeexcLongsentences譯文:除非因不可抗力導(dǎo)致的交付遲延或交付不能，如果賣方未能根據(jù)本合同的條款交付貨物，賣方應(yīng)對買方承擔(dān)責(zé)任并保證賠償買方因此造成的損失、損害賠償，包括但不限于購買價格或購買差價、空倉費、延滯費以及所有因此產(chǎn)生的直接或間接的損失。然而買方應(yīng)有權(quán)解除合同的部分或整個合同，不得妨害買方行使索賠權(quán)利。Longsentences譯文:除非因不可抗力導(dǎo)致的交付Theinsuranceshallbecontractedwithunderwritersoraninsurancecompanyofgoodreputeand,failingexpressagreementtothecontrary,beinaccordancewithminimumcoveroftheInstituteCargoClauses(InstituteofLondonUnderwriters)oranysimilarsetofclauses.TheinsuranceshallbecontracUnrealConditions國際貿(mào)易中，通常使用非真實的條件句。使用表達虛擬的連詞引導(dǎo)一個非真實的句子，來表示一種責(zé)任和義務(wù)。If,unless,incaseof,onlyif,onlyafter,provided,inviewof,providingthat,onconditionthatUnrealConditions國際貿(mào)易中，通常使用非真實Thebuyermustbearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoods?fromthetimetheyhavebeendeliveredinaccordancewithA4;and?fromtheagreeddateortheexpirydateofanyagreedperiodfordeliverywhichariseeitherbecausehefailstonominatethecarrieroranotherpersoninaccordancewithA4,orbecausethecarrierorthepartynominatedbythebuyerfailstotakethegoodsintohischargeattheagreedtime,orbecausethebuyerfailstogiveappropriatenoticeinaccordancewithB7,provided,however,thatthegoodshavebeendulyappropriatedtothecontract,thatistosay,clearlysetasideorotherwiseidentifiedasthecontractgoods.ThebuyermustbearallrisksComplexsentences商務(wù)英語中，表達觀點及陳述事實時用短句，解釋說明時用長句。Thebuyermust,shouldhefailtogivenoticeinaccordancewithB7,bearallrisksofthegoodsfromtheagreeddateortheexpirydateoftheperiodfixedfordeliveryprovided,however,thatthegoodshavebeendulyappropriatedtothecontract,thatistosay,clearlysetasideorotherwiseidentifiedasthecontractgoods.Complexsentences商務(wù)英語中，表達觀點及陳述Nonattributiveclauses商務(wù)英語中，使用非限制性定語，用來表達嚴肅、客觀的語氣、準(zhǔn)確完整的概念。Businessisacombinationofalltheseactivities:production,distributionandsale,throughwhichprofitoreconomicsurpluswillbecreated.Buttheimportantthingtorememberisthatinthemodernworldwemustgivepeopleskillswhichpreparethemforthechangingworldofmanufacturingandprodu