2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)13

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remarkable

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.deficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)remarkable“卓越的；非凡的”；B選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”；C選項(xiàng)inexhaustible“用不完的；不知疲倦的”；D選項(xiàng)deficient“有缺陷的；不充分的”。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)熱帶植物的多樣性象征著一個(gè)看來(lái)似乎用不完的原材料資源，而這其中只有一些被利用。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged（1）overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespecially,increasedattentionhasbeendevotedto（2）thereadingprocess.（3）specialistsagreethatreading（4）acomplexorganizationofhighermental（5）,theydisagree（6）theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds,（7）readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand（8）.

Theseauthorities（9）thatmeaning,beingconcernedwiththinking,mustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinking,andthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout（10）theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazine:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（11）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（12）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（13）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（14）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（15）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（16）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogatherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（17）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（18）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（19）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（20）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（21）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（22）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（23）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（24）word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（25）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（26）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（27）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（28）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（29）thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（30）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.substantively

B.substantially

C.substitutively

D.subjectively

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.defineanddescribe

B.definitionanddescription

C.defininganddescribing

D.havedefinedanddescribed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.If

C.Unless

D.Until

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.involves

B.involvesto

C.isinvolved

D.involvesof

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opinions

B.effects

C.manners

D.functions

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.about

C.for

D.into

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.view

B.look

C.reassure

D.agree

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.to

C.off

D.for

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.content

B.contend

C.contempt

D.contact

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.saying

C.explaining

D.reading

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.applying

B.acting

C.offering

D.getting

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Fortunately

B.Besides

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

問(wèn)題21選項(xiàng)

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

問(wèn)題22選項(xiàng)

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

問(wèn)題23選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

問(wèn)題24選項(xiàng)

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

問(wèn)題25選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

問(wèn)題26選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

問(wèn)題27選項(xiàng)

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.such

問(wèn)題28選項(xiàng)

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

問(wèn)題29選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

問(wèn)題30選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:C

第21題:B

第22題:A

第23題:D

第24題:C

第25題:B

第26題:A

第27題:C

第28題:B

第29題:D

第30題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)substantively“實(shí)質(zhì)上”；B選項(xiàng)substantially“充分地；非常地；總體上”；C選項(xiàng)substitutively“可替代地”；D選項(xiàng)subjectively“主觀地”。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)……改變了。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。Bedevotedtosth./doingsth.是固定搭配，而且空格后面有賓語(yǔ)thereadingprocess，所以空格處應(yīng)該接doingsth.，故選C。

3.【試題解析】邏輯分析。由兩句的謂語(yǔ)agree和disagree可知，兩句為對(duì)比關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。

4.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：專(zhuān)家們一致認(rèn)為閱讀涉及到一個(gè)復(fù)雜的高級(jí)智力活動(dòng)。此處缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故選A。

5.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)opinions“意見(jiàn)；評(píng)價(jià)”；B選項(xiàng)effects“影響；效果”；C選項(xiàng)manners“禮貌”；D選項(xiàng)functions“功能”。mentalfunction意為“智力活動(dòng)”，符合句意。

6.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。disagreeabout/on對(duì)……有不同意見(jiàn)。

7.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。View…as表示“把……看作”。

8.【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。D選項(xiàng)standfor“代表”；A選項(xiàng)standby“支持”；B選項(xiàng)standto“遵守”；C選項(xiàng)standoff“疏遠(yuǎn)”。句意：一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言主要是一種使用符號(hào)來(lái)表示聲音的代碼，他們認(rèn)為閱讀只是將符號(hào)解碼成它們所代表的聲音。因此D符合句意。

9.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)content“滿(mǎn)足”；B選項(xiàng)contend“爭(zhēng)論，主張”；C選項(xiàng)contempt“輕視，蔑視”；D選項(xiàng)contact“使接觸，聯(lián)系”。B項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。A選項(xiàng)interpret“解釋?zhuān)活I(lǐng)會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)say“講；說(shuō)明”；C選項(xiàng)explain“說(shuō)明；解釋”；D選項(xiàng)read“閱讀；讀懂”。句意：一個(gè)孩子能讀出聲而不……所讀的含義，不能叫作真正的閱讀。A項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。A選項(xiàng)apply“申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求”；B選項(xiàng)act“行動(dòng)；表現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)offer“提供；出價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)get“使得；獲得”?？崭裉幩顒?dòng)名詞的賓語(yǔ)是ajob，并且與advancinginone并列，因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quickly“迅速地；很快地”；B選項(xiàng)easily“容易地；無(wú)疑地”；C選項(xiàng)roughly“粗糙地；概略地”；D選項(xiàng)decidedly“果斷地；斷然地”。句意：在獲得一份工作或在工作中發(fā)展，……閱讀和理解的能力意味著成功和失敗的區(qū)別。前文講到工作中閱讀的內(nèi)容很多，由此推測(cè)這里講快速的閱讀和理解能力很重要。故選A項(xiàng)。

13.【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“好的；優(yōu)良的”；B選項(xiàng)curious“好奇的，有求知欲的”；C選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的；可憐的”；D選項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的；急迫的”。句意：然而不幸的是，我們大多數(shù)人都是……的讀者。此句用了轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)training“訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)habits“習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)situations“狀況；情境”；D選項(xiàng)custom“習(xí)慣，慣例”。句意：我們大多數(shù)人在早年養(yǎng)成了壞的閱讀……，并沒(méi)能克服?？崭裉帪椤癲evelop養(yǎng)成”和“getover克服”的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)可使用復(fù)現(xiàn)原則。后文中提到了badhabit和anotherhabit，故選B。

15.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的三單形式。A選項(xiàng)lie“說(shuō)謊；位于”；B選項(xiàng)combine“聯(lián)合，結(jié)合”；C選項(xiàng)touch“接觸；輕按”；D選項(xiàng)involve“包含；牽涉”。句意：主要的困難在于語(yǔ)言的自身要素。Liein表示“在于”，符合句意。

16.【試題解析】語(yǔ)義題。此處句意為：如果單個(gè)地看這些字，它們并沒(méi)有什么意義。故選C項(xiàng)“少許；沒(méi)有多少”。

17.【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”；B選項(xiàng)Besides“事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)Logically“合乎邏輯地”；D選項(xiàng)Unfortunately“不幸地”。句意：然而……未受過(guò)閱讀訓(xùn)練的人不會(huì)讀。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reuse“再使用”；B選項(xiàng)reread“重讀”；C選項(xiàng)rewrite“改寫(xiě)”；D選項(xiàng)recite“背誦”。句意：他費(fèi)力地一次讀一個(gè)詞，常?；仡^……因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題?？崭裢瑫r(shí)是lookbackover跟youhavejustread的賓語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有what能充當(dāng)雙重賓語(yǔ)。

20.【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。空格處所填詞應(yīng)與down構(gòu)成搭配。D項(xiàng)不能與其搭配故排除。句意：另一個(gè)減慢閱讀速度的習(xí)慣是發(fā)聲。scalesdown“按比例減少”；cutsdown“削減”，slowdown“放慢”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

21.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題。此處應(yīng)選擇B項(xiàng)“one（泛指人們，我們，你）”，代替前文的you。無(wú)A項(xiàng)這個(gè)用法。如用D項(xiàng)，則應(yīng)加定冠詞the。C項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。因此本題選B。

22.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accelerator“加速裝置”；B選項(xiàng)actor“男演員；行動(dòng)者”；C選項(xiàng)amplifier“放大器，擴(kuò)大器”；D選項(xiàng)observer“觀察者”。句意：為了克服這些壞習(xí)慣，一些閱讀研習(xí)班使用了一種叫作加速器的裝置。因此A符合句意。

23.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題。考查比較級(jí)。這里用了fasterthan表示“比……快”，故選D項(xiàng)。

24.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。A選項(xiàng)enable“使得”；B選項(xiàng)lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使”；C選項(xiàng)make“使得；進(jìn)行”；D選項(xiàng)indicate“指出，表明”。句意：加速器迫使讀者快速閱讀，使逐字閱讀、重讀和默讀幾乎不可能。雖然A項(xiàng)也表示“使得”，但其側(cè)重于“使能夠”。故選C。

25.【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)meaning“意義；含義”；B選項(xiàng)comprehension“理解；包含”；C選項(xiàng)gist“主旨，要點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)regression“回顧”。句意：速讀最初會(huì)影響理解。故B符合句意。

26.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：但是當(dāng)你學(xué)會(huì)閱讀思想和概念時(shí)，你不僅會(huì)讀得更快，而且你的理解力也會(huì)提高。此處應(yīng)選A與前面的notonly構(gòu)成固定搭配，表示“不僅……而且……”，故選A。

27.【試題解析】語(yǔ)法題。此處句意為：許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的閱讀技巧在經(jīng)過(guò)一些訓(xùn)練后有了很大的提高?？崭駪?yīng)選用物主代詞their，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)。

28.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。Take…forinstance以……為例。

29.【試題解析】語(yǔ)義題。句意：在訓(xùn)練前，他的閱讀速度相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，能閱讀172個(gè)字/分鐘。這里是對(duì)受訓(xùn)之前與受訓(xùn)之后進(jìn)行比較。

30.【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)master“掌握”；B選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)”；C選項(xiàng)present“呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)getthrough“讀完；完成”。句意：他很高興他能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)讀完更多的閱讀材料。因此D正確。

3.單選題

Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raconteur

B.raquonteur

C.racquonteur

D.raqonteur

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raconteur“健談?wù)?；擅長(zhǎng)講故事的人”；B，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：大家都知道這位演講者的確是一位健談?wù)?，所以這個(gè)節(jié)目有很多人參加。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)originate“引起；創(chuàng)作”；C選項(xiàng)renovate“更新；修復(fù)；革新；刷新”；D選項(xiàng)endorse“背書(shū)；贊同”。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個(gè)重要特性是它激發(fā)進(jìn)一步研究的能力。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Eversincetheriseofindustrialism,educationhasbeen（）towardsproducingworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harnessed

B.hatched

C.motivated

D.geared

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。geartoward“專(zhuān)門(mén)朝向某事發(fā)展”。句意：自工業(yè)主義出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，教育一直專(zhuān)門(mén)生產(chǎn)工人。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

Stanfordopeneditsdoorsin1891,andmorethanacenturylater,itremainsdedicatedtofindingsolutionstothegreatchallengesofthedayandtopreparingourstudentsforleadershipintoday’scomplexworld.

Stanfordstudentsstandoutfortheiracademicexcellence.TheycomefromthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtheworld,representingdemographic,economicandculturaldiversity.Studentsareadmittedonaneed-blindbasis,andtheuniversityensuresthatnoadmittedstudentisunabletoattend.Oncehere,studentsdiscoverthatexploration,challengeandcuriosityarelimitedonlybytheirdesires.

Stanfordisunusualamonggreatuniversitiesinhavingsevenschoolsononecampus:HumanitiesandSciences,Law,Medicine,Business,EarthSciences,EngineeringandEducation.Thisbreadthprovidesstudentswithunparalleledfreedomtocrossdepartmentalboundariesanddiscoverintellectualandpersonalpassions.Creativethinking,problem-solving,andresearcharecentraltotheacademicprogramsatStanfordandlearningtakesplaceinanenvironmentofintimatecollaboration.

FromNobelPrizewinnerstoundergraduates,allmembersofStanfordareengagedincreatingnewknowledge,whetherinsciences,business,artsorwherevertheirinterestslie.Stanfordisparticularlynotedforitsopennesstomultidisciplinaryresearchnotonlywithinitsschoolsanddepartments,butalsoinitslaboratories,institutes,librariesandresearchcenters.

LivingandlearningareintimatelyintertwinedatStanford.Extra-curricularprograms,organizations,performances,forumsandathleticsbeckonstudents,facultyandstaff,aswellasneighborsfromthecommunitiesaroundus.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseandwritetheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考譯文】斯坦福大學(xué)成立于1891年，在之后的一個(gè)多世紀(jì)，一直致力于尋求應(yīng)對(duì)如今巨大挑戰(zhàn)的方法并且為學(xué)生在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜世界中成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層而做準(zhǔn)備。

斯坦福大學(xué)的學(xué)生因其優(yōu)異的學(xué)業(yè)而引人注目。他們來(lái)自于美國(guó)及世界各地，體現(xiàn)著人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的多樣性。該校招生不考慮學(xué)生支付能力，并確保所有被錄取學(xué)生都能上學(xué)。只要進(jìn)入這里，學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)探索、挑戰(zhàn)和好奇的唯一制約因素就是自身的渴望。

和其他著名大學(xué)的不同在于，斯坦福大學(xué)一個(gè)校區(qū)有七所學(xué)院：人文科學(xué)院、法律學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、商學(xué)院、地球科學(xué)院、工程學(xué)院和教育學(xué)研究院。這使得學(xué)生可以自由跨越不同的學(xué)院界限，發(fā)掘個(gè)人的求知欲。在斯坦福大學(xué)的課程體系中，創(chuàng)造性思維、問(wèn)題解決和研究能力是非常重要的，而學(xué)習(xí)也是在一種密切協(xié)作的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的。

斯坦福大學(xué)的所有成員，從諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主到在校本科生，都致力于創(chuàng)造新知識(shí)，不論是在科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)還是藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，還是在任何其興趣所在的領(lǐng)域。斯坦福大學(xué)因其公開(kāi)性的多領(lǐng)域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行，也可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室、研究所、圖書(shū)館或者研究中心進(jìn)行。

在斯坦福大學(xué)，生活和學(xué)習(xí)是互為一體的。課外活動(dòng)、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、表演、論壇以及體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅吸引著學(xué)生和教職員工，也吸引著附近社區(qū)的鄰居。

7.單選題

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng)；選擇權(quán)；買(mǎi)賣(mài)的特權(quán)”；B選項(xiàng)alternative“替換物，替代品”；C選項(xiàng)supplement“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在銷(xiāo)售放緩在這一年早些時(shí)候開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)后，流動(dòng)房屋作為日益昂貴的傳統(tǒng)房屋的一種替代物而一直受到青睞。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thegirlhadan（）mannerwhichmadeherverypopularatschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insoutiant

B.insouciant

C.insousant

D.insuciant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。B選項(xiàng)insouciant“漫不經(jīng)心的，漠不關(guān)心的；無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的”；A，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：這個(gè)女孩有著無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的舉止，這讓她在學(xué)校很受歡迎。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

ImportedfromGermany,this（）instrumentrequiresawell-trainedoperator.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.intricate

C.competent

D.luxurious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的；仿造的；虛偽的”；B選項(xiàng)intricate“復(fù)雜的；錯(cuò)綜的；纏結(jié)的”；C選項(xiàng)competent“勝任的；有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)luxurious“奢侈的；豐富的”。句意：從德國(guó)進(jìn)口的這個(gè)復(fù)雜儀器需要一位訓(xùn)練有素的操作者。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻譯為：這種不斷增加的損失已讓政府和企業(yè)為開(kāi)發(fā)與災(zāi)難預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)的技術(shù)提供了更多的資金，且已帶來(lái)對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D選項(xiàng)“更多資金去支持預(yù)測(cè)研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻譯為：例如，在1992年安德魯颶風(fēng)發(fā)生前，很多保險(xiǎn)公司專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為工業(yè)可能的最嚴(yán)重?fù)p失將至多80億美元。而安德魯颶風(fēng)所造成的被估計(jì)大約為170億美元的損失卻打破了這些看法。可推斷出C項(xiàng)“90億美元”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻譯為：這種期望是，產(chǎn)生的消息將讓該行業(yè)（即保險(xiǎn)業(yè)）有更可靠的基礎(chǔ)去決策未來(lái)災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍鸢笧锽項(xiàng)“公司可能因此對(duì)未來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有更好的了解”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句話(huà)“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明了……可以判斷出該單詞為“海嘯”，因此B項(xiàng)“一系列巨大且破壞性的波浪，通常是海底大地震導(dǎo)致的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段第三句話(huà)“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明，有效利用災(zāi)害預(yù)測(cè)不僅需要先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，而且需要社會(huì)考慮預(yù)測(cè)的整個(gè)過(guò)程——預(yù)測(cè)、通信和信息的使用。可知答案為D“應(yīng)該改進(jìn)技術(shù)，考慮預(yù)測(cè)的三個(gè)階段”。

11.單選題

Shewasextremely（）,alwaysreadytoagreewithotherpeople’swishes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mellow

B.supple

C.adaptable

D.obstinate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)mellow“圓潤(rùn)的，柔和的；成熟的；芳醇的”；B選項(xiàng)supple“柔軟的；靈活的；順從的；易彎曲的；逢迎的”；C選項(xiàng)adaptable“適合的；能適應(yīng)的；可修改的”；D選項(xiàng)obstinate“頑固的；倔強(qiáng)的；難以控制的”。句意：她是非常能適應(yīng)的，總是準(zhǔn)備著去贊同別人的愿望。結(jié)合此處句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abortion“流產(chǎn)，墮胎，（計(jì)劃等）失敗”；B選項(xiàng)absorption“吸收；全神貫注，專(zhuān)心致志”；C選項(xiàng)abolition“廢除；廢止”；D選項(xiàng)abomination“厭惡；憎恨；令人厭惡的事物”。句意：他們?yōu)閺氐讖U除奴隸制度工作了如此長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，以至于將自己的青春奉獻(xiàn)給了這個(gè)理想。結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【試題答案】C

2.【試題答案】D

3.【試題答案】C

4.【試題答案】C

5.【試題答案】D

6.【試題答案】B

7.【試題答案】A

8.【試題答案】A

9.【試題答案】C

10.【試題答案】A

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞性。C項(xiàng)修飾形容詞large，此處increasing應(yīng)改為副詞increasingly，故選C。

2.【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Sacrifices和involve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞involved。因此D合題意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【試題解析】考查代詞。C項(xiàng)指代前文thepaidmanagers，為負(fù)數(shù)，因此該用they不是he，故選C。

4.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在此處that指代的先行詞為questions，為復(fù)數(shù)，遵守主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)該是have不是has，故選C。

5.【試題解析】考查連詞。此處考查whether...or...“是……還是……，或者……或者……”，and錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)是or，故選D。

6.【試題解析】考查介詞。此處句意為：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介詞by更合適，故選B。

7.【試題解析】考查冠詞。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，因此professor前面應(yīng)有冠詞a，故選A。

8.【試題解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為woulddo，可以判斷出這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的虛擬，從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用examined。故選A。

9.【試題解析】考查副詞。Neither才是否定的“也”，故選C。

10.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，此處應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，去掉been才正確，故選A。

14.單選題

Thecontestantshadtostaywithinthe（）oftheplayingfieldortheywouldbeeliminated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.symptomatic

B.corollary

C.pundit

D.parameter

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)symptomatic“有癥狀的；癥候的”；B選項(xiàng)corollary“推論；必然的結(jié)果”；C選項(xiàng)pundit“專(zhuān)家；博學(xué)者；梵文學(xué)者”；D選項(xiàng)parameter“參數(shù)；起限定作用的因素；界限”。句意：參賽者必須停留在比賽場(chǎng)地的界限內(nèi)，否則他們將被淘汰。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TheNuttyProfessorwaswrittenoffas（）,butinactuality,hewasasmartman!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicity

B.effigy

C.inane

D.diatribe

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complicity“共謀；串通；共犯關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)effigy“雕像；肖像”；C選項(xiàng)inane“空洞的；愚蠢的”；D選項(xiàng)diatribe“誹謗；惡罵”。句意：肥佬教授被描寫(xiě)成愚蠢的，但是在現(xiàn)實(shí)中他卻是一個(gè)聰明的人。結(jié)合句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thecitizensexpresstheir（）tothelocalcouncilforthehelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attitude

B.gratitude

C.altitude

D.gravity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；看法”；B選項(xiàng)gratitude“感謝；感激”；C選項(xiàng)altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；D選項(xiàng)gravity“重力；地心引力；嚴(yán)重性”。句意：這些市民向提供幫助的當(dāng)?shù)匚瘑T會(huì)表達(dá)了他們的感謝。結(jié)合句意，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Helookedpale,tiredanddepressed,foralthoughhehadbeenworkingforfifteen（）daysontheproject,hisbosswasstillfarfrombeingsatisfiedwiththeresult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consecutive

B.continuous

C.consequent

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)consecutive“連貫的；連續(xù)不斷的（中間沒(méi)有停頓的）”；B選項(xiàng)continuous“持續(xù)的；繼續(xù)的（中間是可以間斷的）”；C選項(xiàng)consequent“隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的”；D選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的；有爭(zhēng)論的”。句意：他臉色蒼白、疲倦且沮喪，因?yàn)楸M管他在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上連續(xù)不斷地工作了15天，但是他的老板對(duì)結(jié)果仍很不滿(mǎn)意。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa（）tothepublicoutcry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conception“懷孕；概念；設(shè)想”；B選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；C選項(xiàng)contempt“輕視，蔑視；恥辱”；D選項(xiàng)concession“讓步；承認(rèn)；退位”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣疁p少汽油稅來(lái)當(dāng)作對(duì)公眾強(qiáng)烈抗議的讓步。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當(dāng)感覺(jué)自己處于一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時(shí)，科學(xué)家們變得非常興奮。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionsheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryonearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicateourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheUS,theworld’slargestproduceofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentStatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionsbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumersanestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,nottheArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toneddownaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefofstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,i