2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）

2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.

B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.

C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.

D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unpleasant

B.religious

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart

B.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

C.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.

D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：作者以詩(shī)人華茲華斯和波德萊爾為例，意在說(shuō)明什么？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WordsworthandBaudelaire”定位到第二段最后一句Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.（但是在19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始認(rèn)為幸福是平淡的、虛假的，或者更糟糕的是，令人厭煩的，這點(diǎn)可以從威廉?華茲華斯的《水仙花》到波德萊爾把鮮花描述為邪惡的轉(zhuǎn)變之中看出。）本段前面的內(nèi)容還提及“最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫(huà)和音樂(lè)，是最適合表達(dá)快樂(lè)的”，前后形成對(duì)比構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作者是想表達(dá)藝術(shù)家們改變了他們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)，過(guò)去的藝術(shù)形式是表達(dá)幸福和快樂(lè)，現(xiàn)在是虛假的幸福。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.詞義推斷題。題目問(wèn)的是：下面哪一個(gè)詞與“bummer”意思相近？根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段最后兩句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（在西方的大眾傳媒和教育普及之前，最強(qiáng)大的傳播媒介就是教堂，它提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蠕蟲(chóng)的食物?？紤]到這一切，他們并不需要自己的藝術(shù)也成為一個(gè)失敗者。）關(guān)鍵詞在于“too”，由此可推測(cè)“bummer”的意思與上一句有關(guān)聯(lián)，表示的是消極負(fù)面的意義，所以選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是：作者認(rèn)為廣告是怎樣的？根據(jù)第六段的倒數(shù)第二句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.（而且，由于這些信息都有一個(gè)目的——引誘我們打開(kāi)錢(qián)包——它們使幸福的概念看起來(lái)并不可靠。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“制造幸福的幻覺(jué)，而不是幸福本身”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：我們可以從最后一段了解到，作者相信什么？根據(jù)本段的最后一句It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這——指的是反幸福的藝術(shù)——是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：下列哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？A選項(xiàng)：大眾媒體傾向于報(bào)道災(zāi)難和死亡；B選項(xiàng)：藝術(shù)提供了期望和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的平衡；C選項(xiàng)：人們對(duì)道德的現(xiàn)實(shí)感到失望；D選項(xiàng)：宗教曾起到提醒痛苦的作用。選項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均沒(méi)有信息提及，只有D選項(xiàng)在原文最后一段提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)towed“拖，拉”；B選項(xiàng)pressed“按，壓”；C選項(xiàng)tossed“拋，揚(yáng)起”；D選項(xiàng)propelled“推進(jìn)，推動(dòng)”。句意：在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們正在制作一艘由蒸汽推動(dòng)的模型船。本句表示推進(jìn)船的動(dòng)力，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

AmericanandChineseculturesare（1）insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,（2）forherculinary(烹調(diào))skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead（3）forgivingyounothingevenslightly（4）andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor（5）providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue（6）children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans（7）“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness（8）threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand（9）.MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand（10）whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；B選項(xiàng)familiar“熟悉的”；C選項(xiàng)opposite“相反的”；D選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此處的意思是美國(guó)和中國(guó)的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complimented“稱(chēng)贊”；B選項(xiàng)compiled“匯編”；C選項(xiàng)complemented“補(bǔ)足”；D選項(xiàng)commented“評(píng)論”。此處的意思是美國(guó)的女主人被稱(chēng)贊廚藝不錯(cuò)時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)praise“表?yè)P(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉”；C選項(xiàng)bedisappointed“失望”；D選項(xiàng)besatisfied“滿(mǎn)意”。此處的意思是中國(guó)的主人會(huì)向你道歉。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的”；B選項(xiàng)illegible“難辨認(rèn)的”；C選項(xiàng)suitable“適當(dāng)?shù)摹保籇選項(xiàng)edible“可食用的”。此處的意思是沒(méi)什么好吃的飯菜。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)for“為了”；B選項(xiàng)on“在……上面”；C選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”；D選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”。此處的意思是沒(méi)有提供適當(dāng)?shù)牟穗葋?lái)表示對(duì)你的尊敬。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)regardfor“對(duì)……的注意”；B選項(xiàng)regardas“把……認(rèn)作”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧”；D選項(xiàng)withregardto“關(guān)于”。此處的意思是這樣的規(guī)則在關(guān)于對(duì)待孩子的方面也有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查介詞辨析。takepridein“以……為傲”。此處對(duì)應(yīng)了前文的takepridein，表示美國(guó)人提倡坦率。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)callson“訪(fǎng)問(wèn)”；B選項(xiàng)callsfor“要求”；C選項(xiàng)callsup“召集”；D選項(xiàng)callsin“召來(lái)”。此處的意思是中國(guó)人的禮貌要求他們?cè)诮邮苁裁礀|西之前，一定要推脫兩三回。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B選項(xiàng)roughly“粗糙地”；C選項(xiàng)definitely“肯定地”；D選項(xiàng)arbitrarily“武斷地”。此處的意思是美國(guó)人清楚而絕對(duì)地說(shuō)“不”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)believed“相信”；B選項(xiàng)knew“知道”；C選項(xiàng)cautioned“警告”；D選項(xiàng)wondered“想知道”。此處的意思是想知道為什么這些美國(guó)人來(lái)中國(guó)前沒(méi)有提前了解一下中國(guó)不同的文化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Asamemberorthesociety,apersonshouldberesponsibleforanddedicatetothesociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.accountfor

C.chargefor

D.compensatefor

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)answerfor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“對(duì)……做出解釋”；C選項(xiàng)chargefor“要價(jià)”；D選項(xiàng)compensatefor“賠償”。句意：作為社會(huì)的一員，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)。劃線(xiàn)部分beresponsiblefor是對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)athand“在手邊，即將到來(lái)”；B選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流，依次”；C選項(xiàng)inconclusion“總之，最后”；D選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”。句意：導(dǎo)師目前沒(méi)有時(shí)間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，但他就自己的計(jì)劃給了我們一個(gè)大概的看法。根據(jù)后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanyculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confine

C.confirm

D.confront

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“conform”，意為“相符合”，B選項(xiàng)“confine”，意為“監(jiān)禁，限制”，C選項(xiàng)“confirm”，意為“證明，確認(rèn)”，D選項(xiàng)“confront”，意為“面對(duì)，遭遇”。句意：任何文化中的大多數(shù)人都會(huì)和該文化的既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持一致。A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Wecannotimaginewhatatoughjobitistoreadmusicfromaphotocopyofahandwritten（）inoldGerman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.submission

B.manuscript

C.substance

D.manipulation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)submission“屈服，提交”，B選項(xiàng)manuscript“手稿，手抄本”，C選項(xiàng)substance“物質(zhì)，要旨”，D選項(xiàng)manipulation“操縱，篡改”，句意：我們無(wú)法想象從古德語(yǔ)手抄本上閱讀音樂(lè)是一項(xiàng)多么困難的工作。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,fromsendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.JustasthereareopportunitiesforVoluntaryServiceOverseas(VSO)foryoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment,（1）thereareopportunitiesforoverseasserviceforqualifiedtechniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,（2）thosewhoretireearly,offertheirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries（3）thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryorpaidcommunityservice,therearemoreopportunitiesthanthere（4）werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-timestaff,anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybedifferent.Insomewaystheymayseemmore（5）andlessefficient,butoneshouldnotjudgethembycommercial（6）.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferentobjectives,bothpersonalandorganizational.Oneshouldnotjointhem（7）toarmthemwithprofessionalexpertise;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothecause,notbusiness（8）Becausesalariesaresmallornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpenses.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor（9），simplybecausetheyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossibleinretirementwerealsopossibleduringone'sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertakennolessseriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider（10）communityservice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.so

C.then

D.that

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.passionately

B.partially

C.particularly

D.peculiarly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.as

D.that

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.before

C.never

D.lately

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.forma

C.active

D.usual

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.norm

C.criteria

D.perspective

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.expecting

B.toexpect

C.beingexpected

D.expected

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.effect

B.sufficiency

C.deficiency

D.efficiency

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.free

B.freedom

C.health

D.salary

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

【解析】1.本題考查連詞的用法。本句意為:“正如年輕人在參加全職工作前有機(jī)會(huì)參加海外志愿服務(wù)一樣,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的合格技術(shù)人員也有機(jī)會(huì)參加海外服務(wù)?！眏ustas…so”意為……也，因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.本題考查副詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，“一些人，尤其是那些退休早的人”，空格所在句子的前后均是逗號(hào)，并且緊跟在主語(yǔ)的后面，因此后面的應(yīng)該加上表示更進(jìn)一步的副詞，A選項(xiàng)passionately“熱情地，強(qiáng)烈地”，B選項(xiàng)partially“部分地，偏袒地”，C選項(xiàng)particularly“特別地，尤其地”，D選項(xiàng)peculiarly“特殊地，奇怪地”，因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.本題考查關(guān)系副詞的用法。countries,表示地點(diǎn),where用于表示地點(diǎn)，放在地點(diǎn)之后,意為“在那;該處”,句意：在有特殊需要的國(guó)家提供他們的技術(shù)和商業(yè)技能。根據(jù)空格前的countries，可知此處缺少一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，因此，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.本題考查副詞辨析。此處是一個(gè)morethan的比較結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在和以前做比較，因此此句缺少的是一個(gè)表示過(guò)去狀況的時(shí)間副詞。A選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”，B選項(xiàng)before“以前”，C選項(xiàng)never“決不“，D選項(xiàng)lately“近來(lái)”，before作副詞需要放在動(dòng)詞后，lately和never都不符合與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，本句意為“所以在考慮義務(wù)或付費(fèi)的社區(qū)服務(wù)時(shí),現(xiàn)在比一個(gè)人剛開(kāi)始工作時(shí)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)?！?/p>

5.本題考查形容詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的，疏忽的”，B選項(xiàng)forma“植物型，變型”，C選項(xiàng)active“忙碌的，活躍的”，D選項(xiàng)usual“通常的，慣例的”,此空的后面有個(gè)lessefficient，并列成分，因此應(yīng)該是morecasual，來(lái)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)，句意：在某些方面，他們可能看起來(lái)更隨意，效率更低。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.本題考查名詞用法。根據(jù)judge可以得出，后面應(yīng)該是有一個(gè)評(píng)判的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，才可以去根據(jù)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出判斷，A選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值，益處”，B選項(xiàng)norm“準(zhǔn)則，慣例”，C選項(xiàng)criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，D選項(xiàng)perspective“態(tài)度，觀(guān)點(diǎn)”，因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.本題考查動(dòng)詞+ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。此句中them和they指代的都是志愿者組織的全職員工，jointhem后面所跟的部分為伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.本題考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)effect“影響，結(jié)果，效應(yīng)”，B選項(xiàng)sufficiency“足量，充足”，C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”，D選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，功效”，該空前面一句話(huà)說(shuō)的是人們不應(yīng)該加入他們——指望用專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)武裝他們;之后有提到必須結(jié)合對(duì)事業(yè)的承諾，而不是什么，那么也就是前文所提到的用專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)所獲取的商業(yè)的效率。因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.本題考查詞匯的固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)free“自由的，免費(fèi)的”，B選項(xiàng)freedom“自由”，C選項(xiàng)health“健康”，D選項(xiàng)salary“薪資”，由上下文可知，他們選擇做這項(xiàng)工作只是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g，因此可以推斷他們不要求報(bào)酬，無(wú)償參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的工作，forfree表示“無(wú)償?shù)摹?。因此，A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10.本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。consider要求后面動(dòng)詞用ing形式,作賓語(yǔ)。句意：那些只是想在退休之后尋找一些新鮮事情做的人并不應(yīng)該考慮做社區(qū)服務(wù)。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.單選題

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識(shí)，一致”，B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”，C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想，懷孕”，D選項(xiàng)contention“爭(zhēng)論，觀(guān)點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們?cè)絹?lái)越一致認(rèn)為，僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecausetheybelievethiskindof（）groupingisadvisable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.homogeneous

B.instantaneous

C.spontaneous

D.anonymous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)homogeneous“同性質(zhì)的”；B選項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneous“無(wú)意識(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者試圖把能力相似的學(xué)生分到同一個(gè)班級(jí)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種同質(zhì)的分組是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的學(xué)生分到一個(gè)班是一種同質(zhì)性的分組。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Signswarnedthatthetrailwas（）eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affluent

B.wholesome

C.treacherous

D.incurable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)affluent“豐富的”；B選項(xiàng)wholesome“健全的”；C選項(xiàng)treacherous“危險(xiǎn)的”；D選項(xiàng)incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上寫(xiě)著，即使在天氣條件好的情況下，這條小路也是危險(xiǎn)的，所以只有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、裝備精良的徒步旅行者才能?chē)L試。本句表示小路很危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ihavenoideaoffashion,somychoiceofclothesseemsquitearbitrary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.decisive

C.optional

D.tasteful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)assertive“肯定的”；B選項(xiàng)decisive“決定性的”；C選項(xiàng)optional“隨意的”；D選項(xiàng)tasteful“有品位的”。句意：我對(duì)時(shí)尚一竅不通，所以我對(duì)衣服的選擇似乎很隨意。劃線(xiàn)部分arbitrary是隨意的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto（）ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.which

C.that

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。so…that…如此……以至于……。句意：在一個(gè)人們花很多時(shí)間傾聽(tīng)和與他人交談的社會(huì)中，以至于已經(jīng)失去了為自身說(shuō)話(huà)的意愿和技巧，這時(shí)會(huì)話(huà)的力量就變?nèi)趿?。選項(xiàng)C符合句意，所以正確。

14.單選題

A:Lee,haveyouseenthatnewvampiremovieeveryone’stalkingabout?

B:No,Ihaven’t,I（）horrorfilms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.loathe

B.discard

C.resolve

D.contest

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)loathe“討厭”；B選項(xiàng)discard“拋棄”；C選項(xiàng)resolve“決定”；D選項(xiàng)contest“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。句意：A：李，你看過(guò)人人都在談?wù)摰哪遣孔钚碌奈黼娪傲藛?B：我沒(méi)看過(guò)，我討厭恐怖片。本句表示討厭恐怖片。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Therewasa（）dropinsupportfortheUnioninthe1974election.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delicate

B.distinct

C.distant

D.downward

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)delicate“微妙的”；B選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的”；C選項(xiàng)distant“冷漠的”；D選項(xiàng)downward“向下的”。句意：在1974年的選舉中，支持聯(lián)邦的人數(shù)明顯下降。本句表示支持率明顯下降，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thetopmanagersarefullof（）towardthesalesvolumeofmobilephonesnextyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.curiosity

B.optimism

C.passion

D.attitude

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”，B選項(xiàng)optimism“樂(lè)觀(guān)，樂(lè)觀(guān)主義”，C選項(xiàng)passion“激情，熱情”，D選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度，看法”，句意：高級(jí)經(jīng)理們對(duì)明年的手機(jī)銷(xiāo)量非常樂(lè)觀(guān)。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orientation“方向，定向”；B選項(xiàng)voyage“航行”；C選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍，行列”；D選項(xiàng)access“通道，入口”。根據(jù)句意：由于南非大陸的一些地區(qū)仍然覆蓋著茂密的森林，進(jìn)入其中一些地區(qū)仍然很困難。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀(guān)是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學(xué)的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說(shuō)明各個(gè)行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學(xué)的思維模式。因此D選項(xiàng)“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學(xué)思維中受益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“批判性思維可能來(lái)源于非科學(xué)思維”，文中沒(méi)有提及批判性思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說(shuō)的非科學(xué)性思維的用處，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“許多對(duì)象都是用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專(zhuān)家思考的對(duì)象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡(jiǎn)化為明確的語(yǔ)言描述），說(shuō)明不能用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設(shè)計(jì)課程應(yīng)該是工程課程的一個(gè)基本元素。），說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果工程學(xué)課程包括設(shè)計(jì)課的話(huà)，課程會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡管缺乏非科學(xué)的思維模式，但仍然很強(qiáng)大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語(yǔ)言思維是工程設(shè)計(jì)的核心機(jī)制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。）可知工程學(xué)課程包含了非科學(xué)思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在所有課程中強(qiáng)調(diào)非語(yǔ)言思維”，C選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為包括語(yǔ)言或數(shù)學(xué)課程”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當(dāng)《美國(guó)工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫(huà)出機(jī)器的圖紙和工業(yè)過(guò)程的等距視圖，用于其對(duì)美國(guó)工程的歷史記錄時(shí)，具備必要能力的大學(xué)生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生。），說(shuō)明要求非語(yǔ)言思維的工程專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生本應(yīng)該有更好的感知和設(shè)計(jì)能力，但他們卻不如建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項(xiàng)“工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生更好地感知和設(shè)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生不了解美國(guó)工程的歷史”，B選項(xiàng)“工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生懂得更多”，D選項(xiàng)“工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)任何設(shè)計(jì)課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)被認(rèn)為主要是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說(shuō)明數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)不是必不可少的，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“工程設(shè)計(jì)需要科學(xué)的思想”，由原文可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒(méi)有提及所以D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“非語(yǔ)言思維比其他知覺(jué)過(guò)程有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語(yǔ)言思維，說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為非語(yǔ)言思維是有優(yōu)勢(shì)的，所以B選項(xiàng)最能代表作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

19.單選題

Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invasive

B.belligerent

C.progressive

D.enterprising

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)invasive“侵入的”；B選項(xiàng)belligerent“好戰(zhàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)progressive“進(jìn)步的”；D選項(xiàng)enterprising“有進(jìn)取心的”。句意：在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上，人們，尤其是年輕人需要有進(jìn)取心和勤奮。劃線(xiàn)部分aggressive是有進(jìn)取心的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Iwaiteduntilhehad（）beforeItoldhimIwasleavingandheadedforthefrontdoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.handeddown

B.calmeddown

C.turneddown

D.trackeddown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)handeddown“把...傳給，流傳下來(lái)”，B選項(xiàng)calmeddown“冷靜，平靜”，C選項(xiàng)turneddown“拒絕，調(diào)低”，D選項(xiàng)trackeddown“追捕，查出”，句意：我一直等到他平靜下來(lái)，才告訴他我要離開(kāi)并朝前門(mén)走去。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

Theathletehasbeenaccusedof（）hisperformancewithillegaldrugs,buthefirmlydeniesthecharges.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancing

B.tendering

C.diluting

D.dispensing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enhancing“提高”；B選項(xiàng)tendering“提議”；C選項(xiàng)diluting“稀釋”；D選項(xiàng)dispensing“配發(fā)”。句意：這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員被指控使用違禁藥物提高成績(jī)，但他堅(jiān)決否認(rèn)這些指控。本句表示提高成績(jī)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear—30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Goodsthathadoncebeenluxuryitemsbecamepartofeverydaylife.

Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790’s,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Forexample,duringthe1820’sand1830’stheshoeindustrygreatlyexpandedthescaleandextendoftheoutworksystem.Tensofthousandsofruralwomen,paidaccordingtotheamounttheyproduced,fabricatedthe“uppers”ofshoes,whichwereboundtothesolesbywage-earningjourneymenshoemakersindozensofMassachusettstown,whereaspreviouslyjourneymenwouldhavemadetheensureshoe.Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor.However,italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.

Fortasksthatwerenotsuitedtotheoutworksystem,entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Hismachineryliftedthegraintothetopofthemill,cleaneditasitfellintocontainersknownashoppers,groundthegrainintoflour,andthenconveyedtheflourbacktothetopofthemilltoallowittocoolasitdescendedintobarrels.Subsequently,manufacturersmadeuseofnewimprovedstationarystreamenginestopowertheirmills.Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthormentionstheshoeindustryinthesecondparagraphtoprovideanexampleofhow（）.

3.Allofthefollowingareme