2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號6

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保，保證”；B選項(xiàng)assured“使確信；弄清”；C選項(xiàng)insure“確保，保證；給……保險”；沒有sured這個詞。缺謂語動詞，由主語Theschoolauthority“學(xué)校當(dāng)局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的關(guān)系可知assured“使（某人）確信（某事）”符合題意，句意為：校方向沃森教授保證，他將在5年內(nèi)獲得100萬。故答案選B。

2.單選題

Hitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhe（

）theSecondWorldWar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implemented

B.launched

C.took

D.practiced

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)行，實(shí)施”；B選項(xiàng)launch“發(fā)動，發(fā)起”；C選項(xiàng)take“取，拿”；D選項(xiàng)practice“練習(xí)，實(shí)行”。由題干“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)”可知“l(fā)aunch發(fā)動”符合題意，句意為：希特勒發(fā)動二戰(zhàn)時全副武裝。故答案選B。

3.單選題

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.explicitly

D.exceptionally

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extravagantly“揮霍無度地”；B選項(xiàng)empirically“以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地”；C選項(xiàng)explicitly“明確地，明白地”；D選項(xiàng)exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)aw法律”和“stated被表明，被解釋”，可知“明確地”符合題意，句意為：有關(guān)醉酒駕駛的法律規(guī)定得很清楚。故正確答案選C。

4.單選題

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣（即should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形）知C項(xiàng)“l(fā)eave”正確。

5.單選題

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】動詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transverse“橫向的、橫切的”；B選項(xiàng)transplant“移植；遷移”；C選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過、超越”；D選項(xiàng)transfer“使轉(zhuǎn)移、調(diào)任”。句子由and連接兩個簡單句，前半句意思是“士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，再根?jù)havesth.done的結(jié)構(gòu)，推斷空格部分單詞要填過去分詞形式。所以由后面關(guān)鍵詞“skin皮膚”可知空格部分單詞意思為“移植……”，句意為：士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，需要植皮。故正確答案選B。

6.單選題

Theyare（

）investorswhoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarketsbeforemakinganinvestment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implicit

B.conscious

C.cautious

D.indecisive

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“暗示的，含蓄的”；B選項(xiàng)conscious“有意識的，清醒的，故意的”；C選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；D選項(xiàng)indecisive“猶豫不決的”?？崭癫糠质切枰粋€修飾investors的形容詞。后面由who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾investor，根據(jù)句意“whoalwaysmakethoroughinvestigationsbothonlocalandinternationalmarkets…總要對當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧H市場進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，句意為：他們是謹(jǐn)慎的投資者，在做出每筆投資前，總要對當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧H市場進(jìn)行徹底調(diào)查。故正確答案選C。

7.單選題

Thenegotiationbetweenthesetwocountrieshasyieldednoresult.Awaris（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eminent

B.imminent

C.predominant

D.dominant

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)eminent“杰出的”；B選項(xiàng)imminent“即將來臨，迫近的”；C選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的、卓越的”；D選項(xiàng)dominant“顯性的、占優(yōu)勢的”。題干第一句話的意思“兩國間的談判沒產(chǎn)生結(jié)果”，后面可知“戰(zhàn)爭war”馬上就要到了，空格部分形容詞意思為“馬上就要爆發(fā)的”，句意為：兩國間的談判沒產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，戰(zhàn)爭一觸即發(fā)。故選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.翻譯題

30多年來，外商直接投資的引入不僅帶來了資金，更帶來了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)備、管理和經(jīng)營理念，有力地促進(jìn)了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、技術(shù)和管理創(chuàng)新。正因如此，我們在今年4月公開征求意見，對“自主創(chuàng)新”產(chǎn)品的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，上述結(jié)果說明，所有外國企業(yè)都得到了一視同仁的對待，他們的產(chǎn)品被視為“中國制造”，和中國企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品適用同樣的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。自從加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來，中國不斷降低外資準(zhǔn)入門檻。1997年以來，我們4次修訂《外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄》。

(參考詞匯：self-dependentinnovative:consultation;rulesoforigin;entrythreshold)

【答案】

Overthelastthreedecades,foreigndirectinvestmenthasbroughtcapital,advancedtechnologiesandbusinessknow-howtoChina.WeunderstandthatFDIfostersinnovation.Thatiswhy,inApril,weheldapublicconsultationtoreviewthecriteriaweusetoaccredit“self-dependentinnovativeproducts”.Theresultsemphasizedthatallforeignenterprisesaregivenequaltreatmentandthatalltheirproductsareconsideredtobe“madeinChina”,whilethesamerulesoforiginareappliedtothemastoChineseproducts.SincejoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahascontinuallyloweredtheentrythresholdforforeigninvestment.Since1997,wehaverevisedtheCatalogueofIndustriesforForeignInvestmentGuidancefourtimes.

9.單選題

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；B選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；C選項(xiàng)conditional“條件語氣的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”。主語是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英國文學(xué)和語言學(xué)”，空格后面“courses課程”是句子的表語。由此判斷空格部分意思為“compulsorycourses必修課程”，句意為：英國文學(xué)和語言學(xué)是英語專業(yè)的必修課程。選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

10.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費(fèi)者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費(fèi)者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當(dāng)其沖地承受著這個行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實(shí)的當(dāng)今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J(rèn)為當(dāng)前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實(shí)的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實(shí)的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機(jī)構(gòu)和消費(fèi)者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費(fèi)者認(rèn)真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道?！庇纱丝芍鸢高xB。

11.翻譯題

2010年頭5個月，通用汽車公司在華銷量超過100萬輛，提前完成了當(dāng)年200萬輛目標(biāo)的一半。西門子計(jì)劃未來三年在華投資10億歐元（合12.9億美元），而2011年之前，大眾已在華追加16億歐元的投資。截至2013年5月底，在華注冊外資企業(yè)數(shù)量累計(jì)近69萬家，實(shí)際利用外資總額超過了1萬億美元?！妒澜缡瞧降摹芬粫淖髡咄旭R斯?弗里德曼，以及曾在美國總統(tǒng)比爾?克林頓時期擔(dān)任商務(wù)部副部長的羅伯特?夏皮羅等眾多專家均高度肯定中國的對外開放。

(參考詞匯：aheadofschedule;Siemens;Volkswagen;actually-utilizedforeigninvestment;deputysecretary)

【答案】

Inthefirstfivemonthsof2010,GeneralMotorssoldmorethanlmillionvehiclesinChina,meetinghalfofits2010targetof2millionaheadofschedule.Siemenswillinvest€1billion($1.29billion)inthenextthreeyears,withVolkswagenadding€1.6billionby2011.BytheendofMay2013,therehadbeen690,000registeredforeigncompaniesinChina,investingmorethan$ltrillion.WriterssuchasThomasFriedman,authorofTheWorldIsFlat,andRobertShapiro,formerUSundersecretaryofcommerceunderPresidentBillClinton,havespokenhighlyofoureffortstoopenup.

12.單選題

Thetaxi-driver（

）aboutourluggageandseemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.grieved

B.groaned

C.grumbled

D.growled

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)grieve“使悲傷，使苦惱”；B選項(xiàng)groan“呻吟；抱怨”；C選項(xiàng)grumble“抱怨，嘟囔”；D選項(xiàng)growl“咆哮”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格部分是和后面seem并列的謂語部分，根據(jù)“seemedtobeinathoroughlybadtemper看起來脾氣很壞”可知空格部分單詞意思為“對……嘟囔”，句意為：的士司機(jī)抱怨我們的行李，看起來脾氣非常壞。答案C與之意思接近。

13.翻譯題

NoEnglishmanbelievesinworkingfrombooklearning.Hesuspectsalltheories,philosophicalorother.Hesuspectseverythingnew,anddislikesit,unlesshecanbecompelledbytheforceofcircumstancestoseethatthisnewthinghasadvantagesovertheold.Race-experienceiswhatheinvariablydependsupon,wheneverhecan,whetherinIndia,inEgypt,orinAustralia.Hisstatesmendonotconsulthistoricalprecedentsinordertodecidewhattodo:theyfirstlearnthefactsastheyare;thentheydependupontheirowncommonsense,notatallupontheiruniversitylearningoruponphilosophicaltheories.AndinthecaseoftheEnglishnation,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisinstinctivemethodhasbeeneminentlysuccessful.

【答案】

沒有一個英國人相信從書本能學(xué)會工作。他們懷疑一切理論，不管是哲學(xué)理論還是其他的。他們是對一切新鮮事物持懷疑態(tài)度，并深惡痛絕，除非迫于形勢，他們才認(rèn)識到新的事物確比舊的事物更有優(yōu)勢。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亞，只要可能，他們總是依靠他們自己的種族經(jīng)驗(yàn)。為了做出決策，英國的政治家們并不參閱歷史的先例，而是首先如實(shí)的弄清楚事實(shí)的真相；然后依靠自己的常識，而不是他們的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)或哲學(xué)理論。就英國民族而論，必須承認(rèn)這種本能的處事方法一向是成功的。

14.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項(xiàng)storage“貯存”是不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項(xiàng)reserves“儲備”。填一個名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內(nèi)容可知reserves“儲備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲備是用來保證非農(nóng)業(yè)人口消費(fèi)和應(yīng)對嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的。故答案選D。

15.單選題

Cultural（

）indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。本題考查詞義和詞形相近的單詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)translation“翻譯”，B選項(xiàng)transition“過渡、轉(zhuǎn)變”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞、傳播”；D選項(xiàng)transaction“交易、事務(wù)”。根據(jù)題干that引導(dǎo)的從句的意思“人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去?！笨芍崭癫糠謫卧~意思為“傳播”，句意為：文化傳播表明人類將自己的語言一代一代傳遞下去。因此正確答案選C。

16.單選題

Notuntiltheyclimbedtothetopofthehill（

）whattheyhadbeentold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thattheybelieved

B.didtheybelieve

C.whentheybelieved

D.thentheybelieved

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。notuntil位于句首時，句子要倒裝。notuntil+從句，助動詞+主語+謂語動詞原形+剩余成分；空格部分所在的句子中，需要將did助動詞提前，句意為：直到他們爬上山頂，他們才相信別人所說的。故正確答案選B。

17.翻譯題

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次預(yù)測，將傳感器和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能添加到日常物理物體上的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，可能會像移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及一樣，極大地改變個人生活。供應(yīng)商主要關(guān)注家居領(lǐng)域，他們兜售各種家居產(chǎn)品。例如：當(dāng)鬧鐘響起時就會自動啟動的咖啡壺、可根據(jù)一天時間變化自動調(diào)節(jié)的智能燈具和百葉窗簾，以及當(dāng)牛奶喝光時就會自動發(fā)送提醒的冰箱等等。然而，迄今為止，顧客大力抵制此類家庭智能化。這并不是因?yàn)榭萍脊緵]有全力以赴，為使家居產(chǎn)品具備聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能，科技公司投入了大量財(cái)力。

18.單選題

Clarkfeltthathis（

）ononeofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apprehension

B.appreciation

C.presentation

D.participation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apprehension“理解；拘捕；憂慮”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation“評價，鑒賞”；C選項(xiàng)presentation“贈送，授予；提供，顯示；外觀”；D選項(xiàng)participation“參加，參與”。四個單詞形狀相似?？崭癫糠质琴e語從句中的主語，on引導(dǎo)介詞短語修飾主語，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beworth是值得的”，可知空格部分單詞意思是“參加”，句意為：克拉克認(rèn)為他能參加一直以來最受人矚目的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，吃點(diǎn)苦也值得。選項(xiàng)D符合句子意思，為最佳答案。

19.單選題

JohnsoninvitedhisoldsisterSuetoLosAngeles,butherphysicalreport（

）,shedeclinedtheinvitation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotcomeout

B.hasnotcomeout

C.doesnotcomeout

D.havingnotcomeout

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。句中herphysicalreport不是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，只有havingnotcomeout做伴隨狀語符合題意，句意為：約翰遜邀請他的姐姐蘇去洛杉磯，但她的身體報(bào)告還沒出來，她拒絕了邀請。故答案選D。其他三項(xiàng)都是句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

20.單選題

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.

Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.

Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.

Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,moreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?

3.Theword“rudimentary”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould（

）.

5.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeen“ontherighttrack”(Lines1-2,Para.3)toindicatethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.

B.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.

C.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.

D.Sourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theuseofinsufficientinsulation.

B.Inadequateunderstandingofphysics.

C.Thelackofanetworkforthedistributionofice.

D.Competitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcars.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.growing

B.necessary

C.undeveloped

D.uninteresting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stopairfromcirculating

B.allowicetomeltslowly

C.useblanketstoconserveice

D.completelypreventicefrommelting

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Moore’sactionswerehonest

B.Moore’sfamilywasprosperous

C.Moore’sdesignwasfairlysuccessful

D.Moore’sfarmwasclosetotheWashingtonmarketeD.completelypreventicefrommelting

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。分析文章，第一段講了“冰盒”這個冰箱原始的名稱出現(xiàn)的時間，以及時間上的發(fā)展。第二段和第三段都是圍繞冰箱，也就是制冷的發(fā)展的各個方面來展開的。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世紀(jì)早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學(xué)的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學(xué)是至關(guān)重要的”和最后一句“Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.直到19世紀(jì)末，發(fā)明家才實(shí)現(xiàn)了高效冰箱所需的隔熱和流通的微妙平衡?！庇纱丝芍鸢高xB。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。定位到文章第二段第二句“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世紀(jì)早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學(xué)的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學(xué)是至關(guān)重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表語，主語是theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat；結(jié)合本段最后一句話，分析上下文語境得出：19世紀(jì)早期的熱物理知識發(fā)展是不足的。這里rudimentary意思是“粗淺的，不先進(jìn)的”，所以正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。第二段中講：制造一個高效的冰箱并不像我們現(xiàn)在想象的那么容易。19世紀(jì)早期，人們關(guān)于熱物理學(xué)的知識十分有限，而這對于制冷科學(xué)是至關(guān)重要的。當(dāng)時最常見的說法是，最好的冰盒是阻止冰融化的，這當(dāng)然是錯誤的，因?yàn)榫褪潜娜诨a(chǎn)生冷卻作用。盡管如此，早期的努力包括用毯子把冰包裹起來，這樣冰就不能發(fā)揮作用了。直到19世紀(jì)末，發(fā)明家才實(shí)現(xiàn)了高效冰箱所需的隔熱和流通的微妙平衡。由此可判斷A、C和D都不符合，答案選B。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段第三句“Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.當(dāng)他用自己設(shè)計(jì)的冰盒把黃油運(yùn)到市場，他發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客會直接忽略他競爭對手桶中快要融化的產(chǎn)品，而寧愿花多點(diǎn)錢買他的仍然新鮮、堅(jiān)硬的1鎊一塊的磚頭狀黃油?！庇蛇@句話可以推斷本段第一句中的“ontherighttrack做法對了”，說明托馬斯?莫爾自己設(shè)計(jì)的冰箱很成功，保存黃油效果很好。故正確答案選C。

21.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。四個選項(xiàng)都有“雖然，盡管”的意思。選項(xiàng)C的結(jié)構(gòu)一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引導(dǎo)句子，不過although只能置于句首。這里空格后面是一個名詞短語educationaldifferences跟一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。所以只能填入選項(xiàng)D介詞短語，后面接名詞。句意為：女性的收入遠(yuǎn)在男性之下，盡管兩性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

22.單選題

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)successive“連續(xù)的，繼承的”；B選項(xiàng)consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；C選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”；D選項(xiàng)insistent“堅(jiān)持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因?yàn)閳A沒有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“l(fā)ove愛”組成所有格結(jié)構(gòu)。這里需要填入一個形容詞，表示“永遠(yuǎn)的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意為：因?yàn)閳A沒有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)，所以婚戒被當(dāng)作永恒愛情的象征。故正確答案為C。

23.單選題

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scratched

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scrapped

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scratch“（用手）撓頭”；B選項(xiàng)screw“用（螺絲釘）釘住”；C選項(xiàng)scrape“刮，擦”；D選項(xiàng)scrap“拋棄，廢棄”，根據(jù)空格后面作賓語的關(guān)鍵詞“head頭”，可知這里填入的單詞要符合句子語境意思“想著怎么解決這個問題”，故空格單詞意思應(yīng)該為“（用手）撓頭”，句意為：他抓了抓頭，想著怎么解決這個問題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

24.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people—mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany—werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I'llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgraveandintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000childrenwithhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidableandnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofWillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecause

Germans（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.這是航海史上最嚴(yán)重的悲劇，導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)比泰坦尼克號多6倍”?？芍x項(xiàng)B“造成的傷亡人數(shù)最多”為最佳答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.一場冰雹將船的甲板變成冰板，同時導(dǎo)致船傾斜往下沉，數(shù)百家庭滑入大海中”，由此可知icestorm冰雹并不是船傾斜的原因，只是加劇更多人落水的推動因素，題干中問的when，是指“當(dāng)”，可以對應(yīng)到文中的as后面的內(nèi)容。故正確答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段第二句“Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.通過完全接受承認(rèn)他們國家在二戰(zhàn)中犯下的滔天罪行，德國設(shè)法贏得其他國家的認(rèn)可，在國內(nèi)邊緣化新的納粹分子，并且與領(lǐng)國和平相處”，由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合文章的意思。其他選項(xiàng)都是細(xì)節(jié)性的描述。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二句“…itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastrophe”可知在第二段中君特?格蘭斯有關(guān)海難的小說作品中，描述了一位年輕的孕婦在海難中生還的過程。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.但即使政治立場最正確的德國人也相信他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有權(quán)利來討論整個歷史事件”，由這句話可知，德國人現(xiàn)在有權(quán)利討論歷史上的這次海難事件，而不用擔(dān)心因?yàn)樽陨碓趹?zhàn)中的歷史而受到非議。所以德國人也不用擔(dān)心因此被人誤解。故正確答案選C。選項(xiàng)B和D是杜撰出來的表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)A根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“…ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.”這里的“price代價”指代句子前面“willfulforgetting有意的遺忘”，故不符合題干的意思。

25.單選題

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;AModestproposaldramatizedstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxleyandpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideasthatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethodthatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombinationandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservesto