2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)air“空氣，大氣”；B選項(xiàng)mood“情緒，氣氛”；C選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域，地區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)climate“氣候，風(fēng)氣，思潮，風(fēng)土”。air指自然界中的環(huán)境氛圍。mood側(cè)重人的情緒。area側(cè)重地理位置的區(qū)域，地區(qū)。句意為：當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知識(shí)。故正確答案選D。

2.單選題

Weneedachairman（

）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。haveconfidenceinsb/sth對(duì)某人或某事有信心。根據(jù)句子意思排除選項(xiàng)A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞是充當(dāng)從句的賓語(yǔ)，所以用whom，句意為：我們需要一個(gè)人人都對(duì)他有信心的主席。所以選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

3.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句子主語(yǔ)是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等詞，后面的表語(yǔ)從句中要用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。這里should可以省略，句意為，對(duì)于碩士學(xué)位的要求之一是：學(xué)生應(yīng)該通過(guò)論文答辯。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，B最符合題意。

4.單選題

Healways（

）whathethinksright,nomatterthecosttohimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standsfor

B.standsout

C.standsby

D.standsupfor

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析題。本題考查的是動(dòng)詞stand后面不同的副詞，表示不同的意思。A選項(xiàng)standfor“代表、支持”；B選項(xiàng)standout“突出、站起來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)standsby“支持、袖手旁觀”；D選項(xiàng)standsupfor“支持、堅(jiān)持；擁護(hù)”，空格后面是一個(gè)從句，意思是“他認(rèn)為正確的事情”，所以這里空格部分單詞意思應(yīng)該是“堅(jiān)持”，句意為：他總是堅(jiān)持他認(rèn)為對(duì)的，不管他為此付出多少代價(jià)。故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

5.翻譯題

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次預(yù)測(cè)，將傳感器和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能添加到日常物理物體上的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，可能會(huì)像移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及一樣，極大地改變個(gè)人生活。供應(yīng)商主要關(guān)注家居領(lǐng)域，他們兜售各種家居產(chǎn)品。例如：當(dāng)鬧鐘響起時(shí)就會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)的咖啡壺、可根據(jù)一天時(shí)間變化自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的智能燈具和百葉窗簾，以及當(dāng)牛奶喝光時(shí)就會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)送提醒的冰箱等等。然而，迄今為止，顧客大力抵制此類家庭智能化。這并不是因?yàn)榭萍脊緵]有全力以赴，為使家居產(chǎn)品具備聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能，科技公司投入了大量財(cái)力。

6.單選題

heflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichencouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

B.whichencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

C.encouragingwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

D.thatencouragedwomentoimprovetheirskillsforthejobmarket

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本句考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。主句是Theflourishofadulttrainingprogramspartiallyresultedfromthefeministmovement，后面which作為關(guān)系代詞指代thefeministmovement，在從句中作為主語(yǔ)，意思是“女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)女性去提高她們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)市場(chǎng)的技能”，故正確答案選B。

7.翻譯題

Mydictionarydefineshappyas“l(fā)ucky”or“fortunate”,butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment.”Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.

Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidscamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequirtoftheday.Later,peacedescendedagain,andmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure—intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy.

【答案】

我的字典把幸福定義為“幸運(yùn)”或“好運(yùn)”。但是我想幸福更好的定義是“享受的能力”。我們?cè)侥芟硎芩鶕碛械囊磺?，我們就越快樂。我們很容易忽視從愛與被愛、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身體中獲得的快樂。

我總結(jié)一下我昨天的幸福時(shí)刻：首先是我合上最后一個(gè)午餐飯盒，獨(dú)自在家時(shí)，我感到無(wú)比幸福；然后過(guò)了一個(gè)寫作不受干擾的上午，這令我愉快；等到孩子們回家，我享受安靜的一天過(guò)后他們吵鬧的聲音。不久，寧?kù)o再次降臨，我和丈夫享受另一種快樂——親密。有時(shí)候，只要想到他需要我，就能給我?guī)?lái)快樂。

8.單選題

Languageelementsaretoaliteraturework（

）constructionmaterialstoabuilding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合句意可知are后面缺個(gè)名詞做表語(yǔ)，只有what可以，句意為：語(yǔ)言對(duì)于文學(xué)作品而言就如建筑材料對(duì)于建筑物一樣。故答案選C。

9.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，要素”；B選項(xiàng)component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項(xiàng)constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個(gè)重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

10.翻譯題

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecominghimself.Heactualizedhisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisownconclusions.Whilehecanadmireandrespectotherpeople,heisnottotallydefined,demolished,boundorawedbythem.

【答案】

成功者的潛質(zhì)各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真實(shí)才是。一個(gè)真實(shí)的人通過(guò)了解自我，堅(jiān)持自我，使自己成為值得信賴、樂于回應(yīng)的人來(lái)體驗(yàn)真實(shí)的自我。它實(shí)現(xiàn)前所未有的獨(dú)特的自我，同時(shí)也尊重他人的獨(dú)特之處。

成功者不懼怕獨(dú)立思考，也不懼怕獨(dú)立運(yùn)用知識(shí)，他能夠區(qū)分哪些是事實(shí)，哪些是觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)并不宣稱洞察一切。他傾聽他人的意見，琢磨他人的話語(yǔ)，但是自行做出結(jié)論，他可以欽羨、尊重別人，可是他絕不為他人所局限，所束縛，不會(huì)對(duì)他們敬若神靈。

11.單選題

Howparentstreattheirownparentsusually（

）thewaytheyaretobetreatedbytheirchildreninthefuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deciding

B.decide

C.decides

D.todecide

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)Howparentstreattheirownparents是從句，看作單數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用decides，句意為：父母如何對(duì)待自己的父母，通常決定了他們將來(lái)被孩子對(duì)待的方式。故答案選C。

12.單選題

（

）ishisowndecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whenleaving

B.Whendoesheleave

C.Whenheleaves

D.Heleaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格后“ishisowndecision”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里缺少主語(yǔ)，故能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的C項(xiàng)“Whenheleaves”正確。A項(xiàng)“Whenleaving”屬于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；B項(xiàng)“Whendoesheleave”屬于疑問句，不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)；D項(xiàng)“Heleaves”中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“l(fā)eaves”與空格后系動(dòng)詞“is”重復(fù)，在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上不正確。選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Ofvariouspartsofthespeechcontest,unplanned（

）speechisthemostdifficultpartformostcontestants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.spontaneity

C.prepared

D.synthetic

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的，自然的”；B選項(xiàng)spontaneity“自發(fā)性，自然性”；C選項(xiàng)prepared“準(zhǔn)備好的”；D選項(xiàng)synthetic“綜合的，合成的”。由關(guān)鍵詞“unplanned無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的”可知spontaneous符合題意，句意為：在口語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽的不同環(huán)節(jié)中，無(wú)準(zhǔn)備即興演講對(duì)于大多數(shù)選手來(lái)說(shuō)都是最難的。選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

14.單選題

Thecharitableorganizationsetupa（

）forpeopleescapingfromthewarzone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receipt

B.regiment

C.reign

D.refuge

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)receipt“收據(jù)、收入”；B選項(xiàng)regiment“大量的人、統(tǒng)治”；C選項(xiàng)reign“任期、主宰期”；D選項(xiàng)refuge“避難、避難所”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“warzone交戰(zhàn)地帶”可聯(lián)想到refuge“避難、避難所”，句意為：這個(gè)慈善組織為逃離戰(zhàn)區(qū)的人們?cè)O(shè)立了避難所。故正確答案選D。

15.單選題

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話語(yǔ)，提出了本文主要討論的問題是“18世紀(jì)殖民地房屋設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)”。故正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀(jì)發(fā)生變化，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財(cái)富的增加，越來(lái)越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”，由此可知，因?yàn)橹趁裾叩呢?cái)富增加，他們可以花更多的錢在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項(xiàng)專門的職業(yè)，房屋設(shè)計(jì)或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)做，或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國(guó)進(jìn)口的建筑手冊(cè)的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來(lái)做?！庇纱丝芍?，18世紀(jì)的房屋設(shè)計(jì)主要由木匠來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀(jì)的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同，以及這些書中的規(guī)則在運(yùn)用上的自由?！边@里的“thesebooks”指的就是本段第一句中的“architecturalmanuals建筑手冊(cè)”，由此可知，這些建筑手冊(cè)上的記載的規(guī)則并沒有被嚴(yán)格遵守，而是自由地運(yùn)用。故正確答案選C。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段最后一句“Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.大概在1730年后，殖民地報(bào)紙上開始出現(xiàn)風(fēng)景畫形式的壁紙風(fēng)格廣告”，由此推斷，在此之前，風(fēng)景畫式的壁紙還沒有廣泛使用。故正確答案選C。

16.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compile“編輯”；B選項(xiàng)gather“聚集、收集”；C選項(xiàng)collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”；D選項(xiàng)collect“收集、收藏”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“worktogether一起工作”可聯(lián)系到collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”，句意為：當(dāng)莎拉和我為校報(bào)合作寫一篇文章時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一起工作是很困難的。故正確答案選C。

17.單選題

Hardly（

）thehelicopter（

）whenthewaitingcrowdrantowardsit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.had...landed

B.has...landed

C.would...land

D.was...landing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的部分倒裝用法。當(dāng)hardly位于句首時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)間條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句必須采取倒裝的表達(dá)，即將had提到句子主語(yǔ)前。因?yàn)橹骶涞膭?dòng)作是發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，故主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意為：直升飛機(jī)一降落，一旁等待的士兵就沖了上來(lái)。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

18.單選題

Forhispoorjobachievements,hisbosscomplainedthathehadn’t（

）hisresponsibilities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.livedupto

B.putupwith

C.lookedforwardto

D.goneinfor

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)liveupto“不辜負(fù)，做到”；B選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”；C選項(xiàng)lookforwardto“期望，期待”；D選項(xiàng)goinfor“參加，從事，追求”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“poorjobachievements差勁的工作表現(xiàn)”和“responsibilities職責(zé)”，可知空格單詞意思為“做到，完成”，句意為：對(duì)他差勁的工作表現(xiàn)，他的老板抱怨說(shuō)他沒有盡到職責(zé)。故和選項(xiàng)A意思接近。

19.單選題

Dieting,accordingtoanoldjoke,maynotactuallymakeyoulivelonger,butitsurefeelsthatway.Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.Suchresultshaveinspiredthousandsofpeopletoputupwithconstanthungerinthehopeoflivinglonger,healthierlives.Theyhavealsoledtoasearchfordrugsthatmimictheeffectsofcalorierestrictionwithoutthepainofgoingonanactualdiet.

Amidthetrend,itiseasytoforgetthatnoonehasuntilnowshownthatcalorierestrictionworksinhumans.Thatomission,however,changedthismonth,withthepublicationoftheinitialresultsofthefirstsystematicinvestigationintothematter.Thisstudytook48menandwomenandassignedthemrandomlytoeitheracontrolgrouporacalorie—restrictionregime.Thoseinthesecondgroupwererequiredtocuttheircalorieintakeforsixmonthsto75%ofthatneededtomaintaintheirweight.

Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.

Atamolecularlevel,itsuggeststheseadvantagesarereal.Thoseonrestricteddietsshoweddropsinbodytemperatureandblood—insulinlevels—bothphenomenathathavebeenseeninlong—lived,calorie—restrictedanimals.TheyalsosufferedlessdamagetotheirDNA.

EricRavussin,ofLouisianaStateUniversity,saysthatsuchresultsprovidesupportforthetheorythatcalorierestrictionproducesametabolicadaptationoverandabovethatwhichwouldbeexpectedfromweightlossalone.Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.

Thesearchforadrugthatwilldelayoldageisitselfasoldasthehills—asisthewishfulthinkingofthesuckerswhofinancesuchefforts.Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.Thesemightprovidethenecessarybiochemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglonger.

1.Welearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（

）.

2.Theword“l(fā)andmark”(Line1,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

3.Theresultsofpreviousresearchontheeffectsofcalorierestrictionareunconvincingbecause（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatpeople（

）.

5.Peoplemighttakeenzymesasasubstituteforcalorierestrictioninthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearecrazyaboutdietinginordertolosesomeweight

B.experimentalresultsshowthatdietingcanprolonganimals’life

C.inthestudy,twogroupsofpeoplewereaskedtogoonadiet

D.fewresultshavebeenworkedoutontheeffectsofcalorierestriction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aneventofmuchprofit

B.aneventofgreatexcitement

C.aneventofgreatsignificance

D.aneventofuniquefeatures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesubjectsoftheresearchwereeitherofoverweightorslightlyunderweight

B.calorie-restrictedanimalsshoweddifferentphysicalsignsintheresearch

C.thedecreaseinbodytemperaturemayresultfromchangesofoutsidetemperature

D.peoplecannottellthebenefitsoflosingweightfromthoseofcalorierestriction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenengagedinthestudyofthereplacementofcalorierestriction

B.havebeenlookingfordrugsthatcanprolonghumans’lifeforages

C.canexpectachangeintheirmetabolicratewhengoingonadiet

D.maybenefitfrommetabolicadaptationinthatitmayprotecttheirDNA

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyestablishachemicallinkbetweenstarvingandlivinglong

B.theycanprovidepeoplewithenoughnutrition

C.theyworkinasimilarwaythatcalorierestrictiondoes

D.theyarefavoredbypeoplewhofinancethedrugresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Nevertheless,evidencehasbeenaccumulatingsincethe1930sthatcalorierestriction—reducingananimal’senergyintakebelowitsenergyexpenditure—extendslifespananddelaysthestartofage—relateddiseasesinrats,dogs,fishandmonkeys.盡管如此，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，在老鼠、狗、魚和猴子身上實(shí)行卡路里限制——將動(dòng)物的能量攝入降低到低于其能量消耗——可以延長(zhǎng)壽命，并延緩衰老相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生?！笨芍跋嚓P(guān)的研究表明節(jié)食可以延長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物的壽命。所以選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。定位到文章第三段“Thestudyisalandmarkinthehistoryofthefield,becauseitssubjectswereeitherofnormalweightoronlyslightlyoverweight.這項(xiàng)研究是該領(lǐng)域歷史上的里程碑，因?yàn)樗难芯繉?duì)象要么體重正常，要么只是稍微超重?！眑andmark在這里是有“里程碑的事件”的意思，和C選項(xiàng)“具有重大意義的事件”意義相近。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Previousprojectshaveusedindividualswhowereclinicallyfat,thusconfusingtheunquestionablebenefitstohealthofreducingfatnesswiththepossibleadvantagesofcalorierestrictiontotheotherwisehealthy.由于以往的研究對(duì)象都是臨床肥胖研究者，因此人們會(huì)把減肥對(duì)健康毋庸置疑的好處與限制卡路里攝入量對(duì)健康人群可能帶來(lái)的好處混淆在一起?！庇蛇@句話我們可以得知人們常常會(huì)把減肥的好處和限制卡路里的攝入混在一起，區(qū)分不清。這樣也就造成了之前的研究不是很確定。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Nevertheless,suchmetabolicadaptationcouldbethereasonwhycalorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongerlifespaninotheranimals—andthatiscertainlythehopeofthosewho,forthepast15years,havebeensearchingforwaysoftriggeringthatmetabolicadaptationbymeansotherthansemi-starvation.然而，這種代謝適應(yīng)可能就是為什么限制熱量攝入與延長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物壽命有關(guān)的原因——這當(dāng)然也是在過(guò)去15年里一直在尋找除半饑餓之外觸發(fā)這種代謝適應(yīng)方法的人的希望?！苯Y(jié)合上下文推斷，這里主要是節(jié)食過(guò)程中，動(dòng)物身上的新陳代謝發(fā)生變化。和選項(xiàng)C的意思基本相符。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Thosewhohopetofinditbymimickingtheeffectofcalorierestrictionarenot,however,completesnake-oilsalesmen,forthereisknowntobeafamilyofenzymes,whichactbothassensorsofnutrientavailabilityandasregulatorsofmetabolicrate.那些希望通過(guò)模擬限制卡路里的作用來(lái)研制藥物的人，他們并非完全只是些江湖郎中，因?yàn)橐阎幸唤M酶，它們既是營(yíng)養(yǎng)可用性的傳感器，又是代謝率的調(diào)節(jié)者?！庇纱丝芍@里由于酶能夠抑制熱量的產(chǎn)生，它可能會(huì)作為一種替代熱量限制的作用的藥物來(lái)研發(fā)出來(lái)，作為延長(zhǎng)人類壽命的藥。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

20.單選題

Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,（

）aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)as“因?yàn)?、正如、雖然”；B選項(xiàng)while“雖然、盡管”；C選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”；D選項(xiàng)since“自……以后”，根據(jù)句意：我希望針對(duì)空氣污染的所有預(yù)防措施將會(huì)如當(dāng)?shù)卣ㄗh的那樣在這里被認(rèn)真考慮。以及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)可知填入部分充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)，as“正如”符合題意，故正確答案選A。

21.單選題

Ourarmysucceededin（

）theadvancingenemy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retrieving

B.revenging

C.resenting

D.repelling

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retrieve“檢索，恢復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)revenge“報(bào)復(fù)，替復(fù)仇”；C選項(xiàng)resent“怨恨，憤恨”；D選項(xiàng)repel“擊退，抵制”。由關(guān)鍵詞“ourarmy”和“theadvancingenemy前進(jìn)的敵軍”，可知空格部分意思可能為“擊退，打退”，句意為：我軍成功擊退前進(jìn)的敵軍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)successive“連續(xù)的，繼承的”；B選項(xiàng)consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；C選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”；D選項(xiàng)insistent“堅(jiān)持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因?yàn)閳A沒有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“l(fā)ove愛”組成所有格結(jié)構(gòu)。這里需要填入一個(gè)形容詞，表示“永遠(yuǎn)的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意為：因?yàn)閳A沒有起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)，所以婚戒被當(dāng)作永恒愛情的象征。故正確答案為C。

23.翻譯題

Implicitintheabovequestionsisthedevelopmentofsourcingalternatives.Indesigningsystems,theprudentmanagerhasanalternativeinmind,albeitanalternativethatmaynotbeafirstchoice,butonethatwillfunctionallysubstituteshouldagivenprocedure,supplier,ornationbecometemporarilyunavailable.Specificationshouldthusincludethenatureofrelationshipsbetweenthecompanyanditssuppliers,appropriatecommunicationstylesandlinkages,andaclearstatementofcompanyphilosophyandexpectationsfordealingwithitsowncustomers.

【答案】

在上述問題中，尋找替代方案是不言而喻的。在設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，謹(jǐn)慎的管理者腦海中會(huì)有一個(gè)備選方案，盡管這個(gè)備選方案不是首選，但是，如果指定的程序、供應(yīng)商或供貨國(guó)家暫時(shí)無(wú)法使用，這個(gè)方案將能頂替并起作用。因此，細(xì)則中應(yīng)該說(shuō)明公司與其供應(yīng)商之間關(guān)系的性質(zhì)，合適的溝通方式和聯(lián)系方式，以及明確說(shuō)明公司的理念和與本公司打交道的要求。

24.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項(xiàng)rival“對(duì)手、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”；C選項(xiàng)enemy“敵人”；D選項(xiàng)companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對(duì)手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關(guān)系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

25.單選題

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)discharge“解雇、卸下”；B選項(xiàng)derive“源于、得自”；C選項(xiàng)deprive“剝奪”；D選項(xiàng)dispatch“派遣、分派”。deprivesb.ofsth.短語(yǔ)有“剝奪某人某物之意”，這里根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是prisoner“罪犯”，賓語(yǔ)是“civilliberty公民自由”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“剝奪”，并且是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：罪犯被剝奪三年公民自由權(quán)利。故正確答案選C。

26.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書、一個(gè)糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)把一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭變成一個(gè)新的貧困家庭?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過(guò)去一年的大部分時(shí)間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會(huì)保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮?chǔ)蓄賬戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報(bào)進(jìn)行交易?！庇纱丝芍狟選項(xiàng)“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對(duì)成本和家庭承擔(dān)的份額都上升了，而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃正從立法機(jī)構(gòu)蔓延到沃爾瑪員工，免賠額大大提高，家庭未來(lái)醫(yī)療保健的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也增加了。”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開始，政治方面的影響可能也不遠(yuǎn)了?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)問題可能會(huì)帶來(lái)政治問題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變，面臨著一系列危機(jī)，由此可判斷B項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)在懸崖上”符合題意。

27.單選題

Lookingatthephoto,itsuddenly（

）onhimthathehadmet