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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.
Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.
InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.
1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?
2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.
3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?
問題1選項
A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics
B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics
C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics
D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics
問題2選項
A.different
B.distributed
C.recorded
D.prominent
問題3選項
A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics
B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics
C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables
D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway
問題4選項
A.Gender
B.Height
C.Collegemajor
D.Typeofpersonalities
問題5選項
A.Tocomparedifferentgroups
B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation
C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation
D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為:統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項“描述統(tǒng)計和推理統(tǒng)計的缺點”不符合題意。B選項“推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的應(yīng)用”,推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類,不符合題意。選項D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)”跟選項B類似,描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類。因此C選項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。
2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段,第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為:統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響??芍狝選項“different”(不同的)正確。B選項“distributed”(分布式的)排除。C選項“recorded”(記錄的)排除。D選項“prominent”(著名的)排除。
3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother,father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”,中文翻譯為:統(tǒng)計學(xué)有一個“母親”,她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機構(gòu)的文件(國家和統(tǒng)計學(xué)這兩個詞源于同一個拉丁語詞根,status),還有一個有紳士般的賭博“父親”,他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧,以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知,選項D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計學(xué)的背景符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為:數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量,如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。可以得知B選項“height”沒有提及,所以B選項正確。選項A“Gender”(性別),選項C“Collegemajor”(大學(xué)專業(yè)),選項D“Typeofpersonalities”(性格類型)。
5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”,中文翻譯為:推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計該群體的特征。則B選項“預(yù)測整個人口的特征”正確。
2.單選題
Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.
問題1選項
A.spokesman
B.demagogue
C.representative
D.politician
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項spokesman“發(fā)言人;代言人”;B選項demagogue“煽動者;煽動家;煽動政治家”;C選項representative“代表;典型;眾議員;銷售代表”;D選項politician“政治家”。句意:他被指控為一名……,因為他的承諾在聽眾中激起了無用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners(在他的聽眾中激起了無用的希望)可知B選項與其意思對應(yīng)正確,結(jié)合此處語境,B選項正確。
3.寫作題
Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.(寫在試題冊上無效。)
IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?
【答案】略。
4.單選題
Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.
問題1選項
A.operate
B.contribute
C.monitor
D.send
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項operate“操作;經(jīng)營;引起;行動”;B選項contribute“貢獻,出力;投稿;捐獻”;C選項monitor“監(jiān)控”;D選項send“發(fā)送,寄;派遣;使進入;發(fā)射”。句意:然后,她可以在電腦屏幕上操縱3d圖像,繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑”,得知A選項最符合句意。
5.單選題
Thereareactuallymanyconvincingreasonstousenaturalproducts,eventheregularhealthproductsarefilledwithchemicals.Allofthoseexcessivechemicalsdoalotharmtoyourbody.
問題1選項
A.persuasive
B.confident
C.obedient
D.concrete
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項persuasive“有說服力的;勸誘的,勸說的”;B選項confident“自信的;確信的”;C選項obedient“順從的,服從的;孝順的”;D選項concrete“混凝土的;實在的,具體的;有形的”。句意:事實上,使用天然產(chǎn)品有很多令人信服的理由,即使是普通的保健品也充滿了化學(xué)物質(zhì)。所有這些過量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)都對你的身體有害。。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞convincing“令人信服的;有說服力的”,得知A選項正確。
6.單選題
Diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.
問題1選項
A.recruits
B.reengineering
C.weapon
D.scene
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項recruits“新兵;新成員”;B選項reengineering“企業(yè)再造;再造工程;重建”;C選項weapon“武器,兵器”;D選項scene“場面;情景;景象;事件”。句意:與飲食有關(guān)的疾病也對社會造成負面影響,如工作效率下降、曠工增多、學(xué)習(xí)成績差、……身體素質(zhì)下降等。根據(jù)military(軍隊)以及fitness(身體素質(zhì))可推測空白處應(yīng)該填“人”的單詞,因此B、C、D選項都可排除。A選項recruits(新兵)符合,結(jié)合句意,A選項為正確答案。
7.單選題
Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.
問題1選項
A.strong
B.dead
C.dying
D.lethal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項strong“強壯的”;B選項dead“無生命的;呆板的;廢棄了的”;C選項dying“垂死的;臨終的;瀕臨消亡的;快要結(jié)束的”;D選項lethal“致命的”。句意:判處死刑,蘇格拉底本可以逃脫但選擇喝……毒藥尋求真理。根據(jù)poison(毒藥),A,B,C項都不能與poison(毒藥)進行搭配,結(jié)合句意,選項D為正確答案。
8.翻譯題
中國園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演化而形成的獨具一格的園林景觀,是中國建筑不可分割的一部分。從建園者身份來看,中國園林主要分為兩類:皇家園林和私家園林?;始覉@林是為皇室成員享樂而建造,大多數(shù)皇家園林在北方。私家園林主要由學(xué)者、商人和政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造,南方比較多見。典型的中國園林周圍有圍墻,院內(nèi)有池塘、假山、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由彎曲的小路和走廊銜接的建筑,構(gòu)成了一種人與自然和諧相處的微縮景觀。
【答案】Chinesegardenisauniquelandscapeformedaftermorethanthreethousandyearsofevolution.ItisaninseparablepartofChinesearchitecture.Fromtheidentityofthegardeners,Chinesegardensaremainlydividedintotwocategories:imperialgardensandprivategardens.Theimperialgardenswerebuiltforthepleasureofthemembersoftheroyalfamily,mostoftheminthenorth.Privategardenswerebuiltmainlybyscholars,merchantsandgovernmentofficialstoescapefromthenoisyoutsideworld,especiallyintheSouth.TypicalChinesegardensaresurroundedbywalls,surroundedbyponds,rockery,trees,flowersandplants,aswellasvariousbuildingsconnectedbywindingpathsandcorridors,whichconstituteaminiaturelandscapeofharmonybetweenmanandnature.
9.單選題
Withoutdepartingfromthefundamentallawsoftheselfishgene,wecanseehowcooperationandmutualassistancecan___eveninabasicallyselfishworlD.
問題1選項
A.flourish
B.flutter
C.fluctuate
D.flush
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項flourish“繁榮,茂盛;茁壯成長,處于旺盛時期;揮舞;炫耀”;B選項flutter“飄動;(鳥或昆蟲)鼓翼;飛來飛去;(心臟等)怦怦亂跳;(人)奔忙”;C選項fluctuate“波動;漲落;動搖”;D選項flush“發(fā)紅;使發(fā)光;因……興奮;沖洗,沖掉;把……趕出隱藏地;使暴露;綻出新芽;嵌平”。句意:在不違背自私基因的基本規(guī)律的情況下,我們可以看到即使在一個基本自私的世界里,合作和互助也是可以繁榮發(fā)展的。結(jié)合句意,A為正確答案。
10.翻譯題
將模糊性(fuzzy,adj)和定性評價合理地轉(zhuǎn)化為定量評價,進而選擇最優(yōu)設(shè)計解,是產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的關(guān)鍵。論文運用模糊綜合評判與比較的方法,以MicrosoftVisualBasic5.0為軟件平臺,建立了計算機輔助的設(shè)計方案擇優(yōu)系統(tǒng)。提供了對產(chǎn)品設(shè)計方案定量評價和擇優(yōu)、將結(jié)果存檔、調(diào)用和打印等功能。
【答案】Itisaveryimportantprocedureofproductdesigntotransformrationallyfuzzyandqualitativeevaluationintoquantitativeevaluationforoptimumsolution.Thispaperintroducesacomputer-aidedselectionsystemforoptimumsolutiontoproducedesign.ThesystemisestablishedontheplatformofMicrosoftVisualBasic5.0withthemethodoffuzzycomprehensivejudgmentsandcomparison.Ithasthefunctionsofquantitativeevaluation,selectionoftheoptimumdesignsolution,filling,consultingandprintingoftheoptimizedresults.
11.單選題
Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.
問題1選項
A.detecting
B.declaring
C.reclaiming
D.requiring
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項detect“察覺;發(fā)現(xiàn);探測”;B選項declare“宣布,聲明;斷言,宣稱”;C選項reclaim“開拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;抗議,喊叫”;D選項require“需要;要求;命令”。句意:有很多方法回收使用過的材料,例如,從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語境,C選項正確。
12.單選題
Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast£80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover£116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.
OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.
Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe£11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.
TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.
Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”
MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,
Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay£26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.
1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.
2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?
3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.
4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.
5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.
問題1選項
A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation
B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice
C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal
D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof£80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors
問題2選項
A.Retailchains
B.Farmers
C.Dairycompanies
D.Politicians
問題3選項
A.confident
B.angry
C.deficient
D.challenging
問題4選項
A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT
B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness
C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation
D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal
問題5選項
A.objective
B.biased
C.sympathetic
D.optimistic
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項“特易購是所有零售商中最堅決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽的?!蓖茰y其他的零售商勾結(jié),并沒有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽,可排除。B選項“事實已經(jīng)證明,特易購與阿斯達、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價格?!崩斫忮e誤,特易購要證明自己并沒有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項“特易購正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白?!庇深}干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million”中文翻譯:特易購正準備打一場法律戰(zhàn),以澄清自己卷入這起導(dǎo)致消費者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意,因此C選項正確。D選項“由于特易購對反競爭行為的快速反應(yīng),特易購獲得了8000萬英鎊的寬大處理?!崩斫忮e誤,如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白,將面臨8000萬英鎊的罰款。D選項可排除。綜上所述,C選項正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干,A選項“Retailchains”(零售連鎖店),文中所說的零售商只是將奶制品的價格提供給公司,不符合題意,可排除。B選項“Famers”(農(nóng)民),文中所說的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢。C選項“Dairycompanies”(乳制品公司),文中所說乳制品公司操縱了的價格,符合題意,C選項正確。D選項“Politicians”(政治家),文中所說,財政部獲得了補償,因此,也可排除。綜上所述,C選項正確。
3.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”,中文翻譯為:特易購對此不以為然,并表示正準備為自己的行為進行強有力的辯護。A選項“自信的”,特易購正準備為自己的行為進行辯護,可推測他對行為很自信。A選項最符合詞義。B選項“生氣的”,文中沒有體現(xiàn)特易購生氣,可排除。C選項“不足的,有缺陷的”,不符合題意,可排除。D選項“挑戰(zhàn)性的”,不符合題意,可排除。綜上所述,A選項正確。
4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat
thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻譯為:莫里森支持OFT對其接管的前Safeway業(yè)務(wù)的調(diào)查,但在一份聲明中表示,莫里森仍在為OFT進行“強有力的辯護”。LactalisMcLelland的發(fā)言人表示,該公司正在與OFT“合作”。業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示,這三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的調(diào)查。判斷出C選項“業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示,莫里森是在試圖以不合作的方式拖延OFT的調(diào)查”正確。A選項“在處理OFT時,莫里森是最具防御性的”,這里并沒有體現(xiàn)莫里森具有防御性,可排除。B選項“莫里森不愿支持對前西夫韋公司的調(diào)查”,文中所說,莫里森支持對前Safeway公司的調(diào)查,因此,B選項錯誤。D選項“莫里森公司確實拒絕承認與丑聞有關(guān)”,文中并沒有提及,可排除。綜上所述,C選項正確。
5.觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文,A選項“objective”(客觀的),文中作者對Tesco的態(tài)度比較客觀,符合題意,A選項正確;B選項“biased”(有偏見的),文中并沒有體現(xiàn)作者對于Tesco的偏見,可排除;C選項“sympathetic”(同情的),不符合題意,可排除;D選項“optimistic”(積極的),不符合題意,可排除。綜上所述,A選項正確。
13.單選題
Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.
問題1選項
A.disclosed
B.created
C.disguised
D.distinguished
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項disclosed“揭露的”;B選項created“創(chuàng)造的”;C選項disguised“偽裝的”;D選項distinguished“辨別的”。句意:一個世紀前,弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論,即夢是人們潛意識中欲望和恐懼……后的預(yù)示。A選項disclosed(揭露的)不符合題意,可排除。B選項created(創(chuàng)造的)不符合題意,可排除。C選項正確。
14.單選題
We'dbetterdiscussthesituationbeforewe___tobusiness.
問題1選項
A.sitdown
B.putdown
C.comedown
D.getdown
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組。A選項sitdown“坐下;扎營”;B選項putdown“著陸;羞辱;放下;寫下;付定金;鎮(zhèn)壓(暴動、叛亂)”;C選項comedown“下來,降落;流傳下來;倒塌;落魄,失勢”;D選項getdown“下來;吞下;使沮喪”。句意:我們最好在談生意之前先討論一下形勢。結(jié)合此處語境,B為正確答案。
15.單選題
Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.
問題1選項
A.fulfill
B.accomplish
C.implement
D.affect
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項fulfill“實現(xiàn);滿足;使結(jié)束”;B選項accomplish“完成;實現(xiàn);達到”;C選項implement“實施,執(zhí)行;實現(xiàn),使生效”;D選項affect“影響”。句意:經(jīng)理的工作不是做決定,而是執(zhí)行主管做的決定。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞makedecision(做決定),得知C選項正確。
16.單選題
Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.
問題1選項
A.delightful
B.responsible
C.industrious
D.smart
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項delightful“可愛的,可喜的;討人喜歡的;令人愉快的”;B選項responsible“負責的,可靠的;有責任的”;C選項industrious“勤勉的”;D選項smart“聰明的;巧妙的;敏捷的;厲害的;瀟灑的;劇烈的;時髦的”。句意:她足智多謀,總能找到解決任何問題的辦法。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞resourceful“足智多謀的;機智的”,得知D為正確答案。
17.單選題
Ican’t___whathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.
問題1選項
A.figureout
B.drawout
C.lookout
D.workout
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組。A選項figureout“了解,弄清楚”;B選項drawout“拉長”;C選項lookout“留神,小心”;D選項workout“解決出,算出”。句意:我不知道這些蔬菜怎么了,因為它們是今天早上剛摘的。結(jié)合句意,A選項正確。
18.單選題
Mr.ObamaisthefirstpresidentsinceRichardM.Nixontobe______andelectedwhilelivinginacityneighborhood.
問題1選項
A.appointed
B.nominated
C.represented
D.positioned
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項appointed“任命;約定;命令;受權(quán)處置的”;B選項nominated“提名……為候選人;任命的”;C選項represented“代表;表現(xiàn);描寫”;D選項positioned“放置;確定……的位置”。句意:奧巴馬是自理查德?M?尼克松(RichardM.Nixon)以來,第一位居住在城市社區(qū)并被提名和選舉的總統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意,C項以及D項都可排除,A項appointed的意思是“任命;委任”,指不經(jīng)過選擇的官方委任,也可排除。B選項nominated通常指為某一公職的候選人,因此B選項正確。
19.單選題
Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.
問題1選項
A.generosity
B.sincerity
C.certainty
D.flexibility
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項generosity“慷慨,大方;寬宏大量”;B選項sincerity“真實,誠摯”;C選項certainty“必然;確實;確實的事情”;D選項flexibility“靈活性;彈性;適應(yīng)性”。句意:由于親戚們的慷慨,埃倫最近得到了很多錢。因此A選項正確。
20.單選題
Thelossofhis______stemsfromgivingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.
問題1選項
A.credibility
B.cradle
C.corruption
D.convention
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項credibility“可信性;確實性”;B選項cradle“搖籃;發(fā)源地;發(fā)祥地;支船架”;C選項corruption“貪污,腐敗;墮落”;D選項convention“大會”。句意:他之所以失去……,是因為他輕易地做出承諾,卻從不兌現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文givingpromiseseasilyandneverfulfillingthem.(輕易地做出承諾,卻從不兌現(xiàn))可以推測他不是一位守信的人,結(jié)合句意A選項正確。
21.單選題
Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.
Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.
Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.
Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.
ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.
Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.
FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.
1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.
4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.
5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.
問題1選項
A.structureandfunction
B.colorandfunction
C.sizeandarrangement
D.colorandarrangement
問題2選項
A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain
B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain
C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells
D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain
問題3選項
A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder
B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns
C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation
D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren
問題4選項
A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities
B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain
C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain
D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain
問題5選項
A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization
B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers
C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence
D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干,通讀全文,以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”,中文翻譯為:其中一個是大腦左側(cè)控制語言的細胞。這些細胞通常是白色的。然而,在學(xué)習(xí)障礙者中,這些細胞是灰色的。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),許多神經(jīng)細胞并沒有按照應(yīng)有的方式排列。神經(jīng)細胞混合在一起。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“white”“gray”可排除A、C選項,以及“cellswerenotinaline”(細胞不在一條線上)可排除B選項,因此可判斷D選項“顏色和排列”正確。
2.推理判斷題。通讀全文,A選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能來自大腦的未知區(qū)域?!痹谖闹胁]有提及,因此可知A選項正確。B選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大面積受損造成的?!痹谖闹械谖宥巍癏ebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻譯:他認為大腦的這一側(cè)不能正常發(fā)育。他說,很可能那里的神經(jīng)細胞并沒有正常連接。所以大腦就像一個電線交叉的電子裝置??赏茰y,大腦受損導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙。因此B選項正確,可排除。C選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細胞的異常組織引起的?!痹谖闹械诙巍癟hereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻譯:毫無疑問,所有的學(xué)習(xí)障礙都是由大腦組織方式的差異造成的。因此C選項符合原文意思,可排除。D選項Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問題引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻譯:Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問題引起的。因此,D選項也是直接來自原文,可排除。
3.推理判斷題。A選項“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”(許多因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)習(xí)障礙),可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”,中文翻譯:科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學(xué)習(xí)障礙,它們是由許多不同的事情引起的。因此A選項正確。B選項“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”(有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人沒有外在的跡象),可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻譯:你不能看著一個孩子就知道他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。沒有這種紊亂的外在跡象。因此B選項正確。C選項“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”(閱讀障礙是影響10%人口的一個常見問題),可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻譯:大約有10%的兒童患有這種疾病。與C選項不符,因此C選項錯誤。D選項“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”(學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同),可定位到文中第四段,可知學(xué)習(xí)障礙者控制語言的左腦細胞是灰色的,而這些細胞通常是白色的??赏茰y學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同。因此選項D正確。綜上所述,C選項為正確答案。
4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻譯:達菲在波士頓兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)療中心試驗了他的技術(shù)。達菲博士
說,他的研究證明,閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè),還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。A選項“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”,不符合題意,可排除。B選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題不僅限于左腦”,達菲博士的研究證明“閱讀障礙還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域”,因此,選項B正確。C選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題是由左腦造成的”,不符合題意,可排除。D選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題并不在于大腦的左側(cè)”不符合題意,可排除。綜上所述,B選項為正確答案。
5.推理判斷題。A選項“研究可能對大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”,B選項“研究兒童如何學(xué)習(xí)讀寫和使用數(shù)字”,C選項“幫助學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童發(fā)展智力”,D選項“探討左腦在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”。根據(jù)題干,可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“達菲博士說,他的研究證明,閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè),還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域?!?,由此可推測接下來的研究會探討“大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”,因此A選項正確。
22.單選題
Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.
問題1選項
A.projects
B.shows
C.displays
D.rates
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項projects“計劃;設(shè)計”;B選項shows“展示,表演”;C選項displays“顯示”;D選項rates“比率;等級”。句意:他在過去五十年最好的賽車比賽中名列前茅。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語thebestcarracing(最好的賽車比賽),B,C選項意思相近可以排除,A選項projects(設(shè)計)也可排除,D選項rates(等級)最符合詞義。
23.單選題
Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.
問題1選項
A.transaction
B.stimulation
C.transition
D.solution
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項transaction“交易;事務(wù);辦理;會報,學(xué)報”;B選項stimulation“刺激;激勵,鼓舞”;C選項transition“過渡;轉(zhuǎn)變;[分子生物]
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