2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)39

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B選項(xiàng)retirefrom“退休；退出；從……退休”；C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查；調(diào)查；檢測(cè)；考試”；D選項(xiàng)conquer“戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公眾的目光下成長(zhǎng)的困難往往導(dǎo)致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休；令人高興的是，他們有時(shí)會(huì)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Georgeisonlyastalking（）,hismotheristherealboss

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.horse

B.cat

C.duck

D.tiger

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)horse“馬，騎兵，腳架”；B選項(xiàng)cat“貓，貓科動(dòng)物”；C選項(xiàng)duck“鴨子，鴨肉”；D選項(xiàng)tiger“老虎，兇暴的人”。stalkinghorse“用以掩人耳目的人(或物)，用以掩蔽的事物，(為試探對(duì)手支持率而推出的)掩護(hù)性候選人”。句意：?jiǎn)讨沃皇莻€(gè)幌子，他媽媽才是真正的老板。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conventionalized

B.manipulated

C.transmitted

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conventionalized“使習(xí)俗化；使樣式化”；B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”；C選項(xiàng)transmitted“傳輸；傳送”；D選項(xiàng)aggrandize“增加；夸大；強(qiáng)化”。句意：在一些文化中，魔術(shù)的精華是它傳統(tǒng)的完整性；只有當(dāng)它從古代到今天都完整地傳遞下來(lái)時(shí)它才有效果。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Youcan’thelpbuthearcommercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertising（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soonandsoforth

B.moreorless

C.somethingorother

D.soonerorlater

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)soonandsoforth“等等”；B選項(xiàng)moreorless“或多或少”；C選項(xiàng)somethingorother“什么的（表示模糊概念），常用于口語(yǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)soonerorlater“遲早”。句意：你不由得去聽一些廣告，因?yàn)槊扛魩追昼姽?jié)目就會(huì)被打斷，給你一個(gè)廣告什么的。C選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thousandsofanti-capitalistprotesterstook（）thestreetsinscoresofcitiesaroundtheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.into

C.to

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙，接待，接受，理解，拘留，欺騙，讓……進(jìn)入，改短”；B選項(xiàng)takeinto“考慮到，說(shuō)服”；C選項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡，走向，開始從事”；D選項(xiàng)takeoff“起飛，脫下，離開，突然成功”。句意：成千上萬(wàn)的反資本主義抗議者在世界各地的城市街頭上走著。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（）theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifweaccept

B.Ifweshouldaccept

C.Ifwehadaccepted

D.Ifwearetoaccept

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)的三種形式：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句用“should（would，could，might）+have+過(guò)去分詞”；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，系動(dòng)詞用were，主句的謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should（wereto）+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意：假如我們接受他們的條件的話，我們就會(huì)破產(chǎn)。表示的是與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Lying（）farbackinthemountains,thecoalhadtobehauledfromadeepvalley.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.asitdid

C.wasis

D.didit

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法?！斑^(guò)去分詞+asitis(was)”“現(xiàn)在分詞+asitdoes(did)”是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于lying為lie的現(xiàn)在分詞，故用“現(xiàn)在分詞+asitdoes(did)”這個(gè)句型，此句相當(dāng)于：Asitlayfarbackinthemountains...句意：由于煤礦位于深山深處，所以必須從深谷里運(yùn)來(lái)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰，無(wú)痛”；B選項(xiàng)fatigue“疲勞，疲乏，雜役”；C選項(xiàng)vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸塵器”；D選項(xiàng)leave“離開，許可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲勞”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一擊，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與同情疲勞作斗爭(zhēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

AfterthreeweeksoffruitlesshagglingwithPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahu,theObamaadministrationhasgivenupitseffortstopersuadetheIsraeligovernmenttofreezeconstructionofJewishsettlementsfor90days,asenioradministrationofficialsaidTuesday.

ThedecisionleavesMiddleEastpeacetalksinflux,withthePalestiniansrefusingtoresumedirectnegotiationsabsentamoratoriumtheUnitedStatesstrugglingtofindanotherformulatobringthembacktothetable.Itisanothersetbackinwhathasprovedtobeastar-crossedcampaignbyPresidentObama.

Theadministrationdecidedtopulltheplug,officialssaid,becauseitconcludedthatevenifMr.Netanyahupersuadedhiscabinettoacceptafreeze—whichhehadnotyetbeenabletodo—the90-daynegotiatingperiodwouldnothaveproducedtheprogressoncoreissuesthattheUnitedStatesoriginallyhadsought.

AdministrationofficialsdidnotofferaPlanBtorevivethetalks,andanalystssaiditwasnotclearthattheadministrationhadone,beyondageneralcommitmenttokeeptalkingtotheIsraelisandPalestiniansaboutthemajorissuesthatdividethem:borders,securityandthestatusofJerusalem,amongothers.

Apreviewoftheadministration’snextmovecouldcomeinanaddressonMiddleEastpolicythatSecretaryofStateHillaryRodhamClintonisscheduledtodeliveronFridayattheBrookingsInstitution.Buttheadministration’sstrategyappearedtobeunsettled.

“Wisely,inmyview,theadministrationisbendingtoreality,”saidRobertMalley,apeacenegotiatorintheClintonadministration,“Themostlikelyscenarioisthatthismoratoriumwasgoingtobuythemashortreprieve,andwasthengoingtoplungethemintothesamecrisistheywereinbefore”.

NeithertheIsraelisnorthePalestiniansissuedaresponsetothenews.ButadministrationofficialssaidtheUnitedStatesmadethedecisionafterconsultationsbetweenMrs.ClintonandMr.Netanyahu.Thetwohadhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreeze,whichMr.NetanyahulatersaidhecouldnotselltohiscabinetwithoutwrittensecurityassurancesfromtheAmericans.

Thoseassurances,whichincluded20F-35stealthairplanesandanAmericanpledgetovetoanti-IsraelresolutionsattheUnitedNations,wereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.Whilethatpackageisnowoffthetable,anofficialsaid,hereiteratedthattheUnitedStateswouldcontinuetoprotectIsrael’ssecurityandfighteffortstochallengeitslegitimacyininternationalorganizations.

Intheshortrun,analystssaidthefailureraisedquestionsaboutMr.Netanyahu’scapacitytonegotiateafinaldeal.

ButthePalestiniansalsoshiftedtheirposition,insistingthatasettlementfreezemustincludeEastJerusalemaswellastheWestBank.Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.TheUnitedStatesneveraskedMr.NetanyahutoexpandittoJerusalem,andanalystssaidMr.Netanyahuwouldneverhavebeenabletopersuadehisright-wingcabinettogoalongwithit.

Therewerealsodeeplydivergentviewsaboutwhatthetwosideswoulddiscussduringthe90days,officialssaid.ThePalestinianswantedthetalkstofocustightlyonthebordersofafuturePalestinianstate.Mr.Netanyahuresistedthat,sayingthetwosidesmustdiscussthefullgamutofissuesratherthanjustborders.

Mr.ObamabegandirectnegotiationswithgreathooplainearlySeptember,butthetalksgroundtoahaltwithinweeksovertheissueofsettlements.Aftermeetingthreetimesinthatmonth,Mr.NetanyahuandthePalestinianAuthoritypresident,MahmoudAbbas,havenotsatdownsincethen.

1.Astar-crossedcampaignreferstoa(n)（）one.

2.Theadministration’snextmoveisaboutto（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Ashortreprievereferstoashort（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingservestobethebesttitleofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unhappy

B.confused

C.transient

D.shining

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bendtothereality

B.vetoanti-IsraeliresolutionsattheUnitedNations

C.expandasettlementfreezetoJerusalem

D.hanginthebalance

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThewrittensecurityassurancesfromtheAmericanswereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.

B.Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.

C.ThePalestinianswantedthetalkstofocustightlyontheborderofafuturePalestinianstate.

D.Mr.Netanyahuhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreezewithObama.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.respite

B.retraction

C.reproof

D.repository

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mr.Obamabegandirectnegotiationswithgreathoopla.

B.U.S.dropsbidtoswayIsraelonsettlements.

C.TheIsraelisandPalestiniansareatcrossedpurposes.

D.TheMiddleEastpeacetalksareinflux.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Itisanothersetbackinwhathasprovedtobeastar-crossedcampaignbyPresidentObama.（這是奧巴馬總統(tǒng)短期嘗試中的又一次挫折。）”，star-crossed本意是時(shí)運(yùn)不濟(jì)的，倒霉的，但在文中提到美國(guó)政府在首次嘗試失敗后，想通過(guò)其他方法讓巴勒斯坦政府重新回到談判桌上。較之前奧巴馬政府已經(jīng)證實(shí)了的短期嘗試來(lái)說(shuō)這又是一大阻礙。A選項(xiàng)“不快樂(lè)的；不幸福的；不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；B選項(xiàng)“困惑的；混亂的；糊涂的”；C選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的；路過(guò)的”；D選項(xiàng)“光亮的；華麗的；杰出的”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“Wisely,inmyview,theadministrationisbendingtoreality（在我看來(lái)，明智的做法是，政府正在向現(xiàn)實(shí)屈服）”。A選項(xiàng)“屈從于現(xiàn)實(shí)”正確；B選項(xiàng)“在聯(lián)合國(guó)否決反以色列決議”和C選項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大對(duì)耶路撒冷定居點(diǎn)的凍結(jié)”以及D選項(xiàng)“懸而未決”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Thoseassurances,whichincluded20F-35stealthairplanesandanAmericanpledgetovetoanti-IsraelresolutionsattheUnitedNations,wereneverdeliveredtotheIsraelis.（這些保證包括20架F-35隱形飛機(jī)，以及美國(guó)承諾在聯(lián)合國(guó)否決反以色列決議，但從未向以色列提供。）”和第十段“Israel’sinitial10-monthmoratoriumincludedonlytheWestBank.（以色列最初的10個(gè)月禁令只包括約旦河西岸。）”以及第七段“Thetwohadhammeredouttheagreementona90-dayfreeze（雙方敲定了為期90天的凍結(jié)協(xié)議）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)人的書面安全保證從未交給以色列人”；B選項(xiàng)“以色列最初的10個(gè)月禁令只包括約旦河西岸?！焙虳選項(xiàng)“內(nèi)塔尼亞胡與奧巴馬敲定了為期90天的凍結(jié)協(xié)議。”文中都有提到，C選項(xiàng)“巴勒斯坦人希望談判集中討論未來(lái)巴勒斯坦國(guó)的邊界問(wèn)題?！蔽恼轮袥](méi)有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第六段“Themostlikelyscenarioisthatthismoratoriumwasgoingtobuythemashortreprieve,andwasthengoingtoplungethemintothesamecrisistheywereinbefore.（最有可能的情況是該中止計(jì)劃僅為暫緩之計(jì)，之后他們將會(huì)再一次陷入與以前同樣的危機(jī)之中）”。A選項(xiàng)“緩解；暫緩；暫時(shí)的休息；緩期執(zhí)行”正確；B選項(xiàng)“撤回，撤銷；收回”和C選項(xiàng)“責(zé)備；譴責(zé)”以及D選項(xiàng)“貯藏室，倉(cāng)庫(kù)；知識(shí)庫(kù)；智囊團(tuán)”均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。聯(lián)系原文可知該文章是一篇新聞報(bào)道，該類文本的主題句一般都在開頭或結(jié)尾。文章第一句說(shuō)到“AfterthreeweeksoffruitlesshagglingwithPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahu,theObamaadministrationhasgivenupitseffortstopersuadetheIsraeligovernmenttofreezeconstructionofJewishsettlementsfor90days（在與以色列總理內(nèi)塔尼亞胡討價(jià)還價(jià)三周無(wú)果后，奧巴馬政府已放棄說(shuō)服以色列政府凍結(jié)猶太人定居點(diǎn)建設(shè)90天的努力）”，由此可知文章主要是在說(shuō)奧巴馬政府放棄在定居點(diǎn)問(wèn)題上左右以色列的努力。A選項(xiàng)“奧巴馬在大吹大擂中開始了直接談判”；C選項(xiàng)“以色列人和巴勒斯坦人在目的上有分歧”；D選項(xiàng)“中東和談?wù)诓粩嘧兓倍疾蝗鏐選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)放棄在定居點(diǎn)問(wèn)題上左右以色列的努力”更能概括文章大意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thereislikelytobetensionbetweenlandlordandtenant,betweenlargelandownersandimpecuniouspeasants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.petty

B.modicum

C.impoverished

D.frolicsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)petty“瑣碎的；小氣的；小規(guī)模的”；B選項(xiàng)modicum“（n.）少量，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)impoverished“窮困的；用盡了的，無(wú)創(chuàng)造性的”；D選項(xiàng)frolicsome“嬉戲的，愛(ài)鬧著玩的”。句意：地主和佃戶之間、大地主和貧窮的農(nóng)民之間可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)緊張關(guān)系。impecunious“沒(méi)有錢的；貧窮的”。C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timeworkorelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequatefortheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

4.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering.

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty.

C.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpicture/ofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities.

D.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

B.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s

C.povertyhasincreasedsincethe1930’s

D.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

B.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

C.Thelaborforceshouldberestructuredsothatitcorrespondstotherangeofjobvacancies.

D.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesandremainpoor

D.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要討論的內(nèi)容可由第一段結(jié)尾和第二段開頭得知“…sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.（因此貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)絕不是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)病態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確指標(biāo)。然而，我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也在很多方面低估了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相關(guān)困難的程度。）”。由此可知文章主要講述了為什么收入估算措施對(duì)于知曉貧困程度而言是不精確的。A選項(xiàng)“是什么導(dǎo)致了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的病態(tài)，導(dǎo)致了痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)“為什么收入衡量在衡量貧困程度上不精確”；C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)如何不清楚地說(shuō)明低工資和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不足所造成的困難程度”；D選項(xiàng)“目前使用的統(tǒng)計(jì)程序中，哪一種是估計(jì)失業(yè)造成的困難發(fā)生率的最佳方法”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners（今天失業(yè)造成的影響不及20世紀(jì)30年代那般嚴(yán)重，那時(shí)失業(yè)的都是養(yǎng)家糊口的人）”，由此可推斷出在那個(gè)時(shí)候失業(yè)對(duì)一個(gè)家庭而言就意味著吃住問(wèn)題得不到解決，現(xiàn)在失業(yè)的影響比那時(shí)候小得多。A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)現(xiàn)在的影響不那么嚴(yán)重了”正確；B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，更多的人失業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)貧困戶增加了”；D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在更需要社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.主旨大意題。聯(lián)系71題可知作者提出的問(wèn)題為“為什么收入估算措施對(duì)于知曉貧困程度而言是不精確的”，所以A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該制定新的統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)來(lái)衡量失業(yè)和報(bào)酬不足造成痛苦的程度”最能回應(yīng)該問(wèn)題；B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該考慮到統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可以作為他們聲稱要測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象的部分原因的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)調(diào)整，使其與職位空缺范圍相適應(yīng)”；D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該建立使用多種方法的創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目來(lái)降低失業(yè)水平”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句話“Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.（失業(yè)率統(tǒng)計(jì)排除了數(shù)百萬(wàn)完全就業(yè)的工人，他們的工資太低，以至于他們的家庭仍然處于貧困之中。）”，由此可知失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)不包括那些低工資工作和仍然貧窮的人的事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“一群低薪工人失業(yè)期的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)工人可能從多個(gè)工作中獲得收入的可能性”；D選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)記錄制度，使匯編貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字成為可能”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)不包括那些低工資工作和仍然貧窮的人的事實(shí)”正確，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的最后一句話“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.（貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)中統(tǒng)計(jì)的大多數(shù)人是老年人、殘疾人或因家庭責(zé)任而無(wú)法進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的人，因此貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)絕不是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)病態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確指標(biāo)。）”。A選項(xiàng)“短期內(nèi)貧困人口數(shù)量的增加可能意味著就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的短缺，因?yàn)闊o(wú)法接受就業(yè)的基本人數(shù)大致保持不變”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于那些因失業(yè)而陷入貧困的人，有提供最低生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的社會(huì)項(xiàng)目”；C選項(xiàng)“貧窮統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字與收入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字并不一致，因?yàn)槊恳豁?xiàng)都被視為衡量失業(yè)造成的困難的指標(biāo)”都不符合題意，沒(méi)有表達(dá)作者的批評(píng)，D選項(xiàng)“老年人和殘疾人類別包括許多以前在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)工作的人”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Gethimtosignthecontractbeforehehassecond（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.idea

B.ideas

C.thought

D.thoughts

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。secondthought“（單數(shù)）重新考慮”；secondthoughts“（復(fù)數(shù)）反復(fù)考慮”。句意：在他猶豫之前讓他簽合同。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Tom’s（）ishighinthenetworknewsbusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trump

B.game

C.stock

D.dot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trump“王牌，法寶，喇叭”；B選項(xiàng)game“游戲，比賽，獵物，野味”；C選項(xiàng)stock“股份，股票，庫(kù)存，血統(tǒng)，樹干，家畜”；D選項(xiàng)dot“點(diǎn)，圓點(diǎn)，嫁妝”。句意：湯姆在網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞業(yè)務(wù)中所占有的股份比例很高。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrincetonwas（）AlbertEinstein.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nonebut

B.noneotherbut

C.nootherbut

D.nobodybut

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)nonebut“僅有；無(wú)；只有……才”；B選項(xiàng)noneotherbut與noneotherthan意思相同，意為“不是別人，正是……”；C選項(xiàng)nootherbut沒(méi)有這種用法；D選項(xiàng)nobodybut“除了……沒(méi)有人”。句意：那個(gè)女孩在普林斯頓大街上遇到的長(zhǎng)相滑稽的男人不是別人，正是阿爾伯特?愛(ài)因斯坦。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，意為“如……一樣，像……一樣”等；as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reinforces,pronouncements“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”，“聲明；宣告；公告；判決”；B選項(xiàng)advances,aphorisms“提出；預(yù)付；使……前進(jìn)；將……提前；前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展；上漲”，“格言；警句”；C選項(xiàng)belies,platitudes“掩飾；與……不符；使失望；證明……虛假錯(cuò)誤”，“陳詞濫調(diào)；平凡；陳腐”；D選項(xiàng)undermines,judgments

“破壞，漸漸破壞；挖掘地基”，“判斷；裁判；判決書；辨別力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文學(xué)批評(píng)掩蓋了她犀利評(píng)論的名聲；盡管書名引人入勝，書皮上也有溢美之詞，但這本書不過(guò)是陳詞濫調(diào)的集合。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Itriedinvainto（）themantheslip.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.give

B.omit

C.offer

D.serve

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)give“給；產(chǎn)生；讓步；舉辦；授予”；B選項(xiàng)omit“省略；遺漏；刪除；疏忽；沒(méi)做”；C選項(xiàng)offer“提供；出價(jià)；試圖；意圖；錄取通知書”；D選項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)；為……服務(wù)；對(duì)……有用；可作……用”。根據(jù)固定搭配givesomebodytheslip“趁某人不備時(shí)溜掉”可知該題選give。句意：我試圖甩掉那個(gè)人，但沒(méi)有成功。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

LegislativesuccesswillcomeifMr.Obamaisskillfulpoliticallyandisabletowranglesupport

（）keylegislators（）keymomentsintheprocess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.from,at

B.between,and

C.from,to

D.outof,on

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。supportfrom“來(lái)自……的支持”，supportfromkeylegislators“來(lái)自主要議員的支持”；atkeymoment“在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy（）payrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞辨析。從語(yǔ)義上分析，后半句應(yīng)是修飾policy的一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。which不可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閣hich總要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。whether與what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。where相當(dāng)于inwhich。當(dāng)然，與where相比，在從句中我們更常用whereby來(lái)充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。句意：這家公司現(xiàn)在實(shí)行一項(xiàng)新工資政策，加薪與績(jī)效掛鉤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Wecarriedout（）checksonthevehiclesbeforetheyleavethedepot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spot

B.pot

C.rain

D.coat

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)spot“地點(diǎn)，斑點(diǎn)，認(rèn)出，弄臟”；B選項(xiàng)pot“壺，盆，罐”；C選項(xiàng)rain“雨，下雨，雨天，雨季”；D選項(xiàng)coat“外套，覆蓋……的表面”。spotcheck意為抽查。其他關(guān)于spot的固定搭配還有onthespot“立刻，當(dāng)場(chǎng)，在危險(xiǎn)中，處于負(fù)責(zé)地位”；aspotof“少量的，一點(diǎn)兒”等，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas（）fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acontroversial

B.astatistical

C.anexplicit

D.anunimpeachable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的；有爭(zhēng)論的”；B選項(xiàng)statistical“統(tǒng)計(jì)的；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項(xiàng)unimpeachable“無(wú)可指責(zé)的；無(wú)可懷疑的；無(wú)懈可擊的；無(wú)過(guò)失的，無(wú)罪的”。句意：18世紀(jì)的小說(shuō)中，女性的作品要比男性的多得多，但直到最近，這種主導(dǎo)地位一直被認(rèn)為只是一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí)，一種只有文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家才注意到的晦澀知識(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Whatwill（）leadto?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepolicyofthegovernment’s

B.thispolicyofthegovernment’s

C.thispolicyofagovernments

D.thepolicyofagovernments

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。雙重屬格的第一個(gè)名詞不可以使用表示確定特指的the，但可以使用this。第二個(gè)名詞詞組則不可以用表示不確定特指的a，只能用the。句意：政府的這一政策將導(dǎo)致什么？因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Iamtoinformyou,thatyoumay,ifyouwish,attendtheinquiry,andattheinspectorsdiscretionstateyourcase（）orthroughanentrustedrepresentative.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indepth

B.insecret

C.inperson

D.inexcess

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)indepth“深入地；全面地”；B選項(xiàng)insecret“秘密地；私下地”；C選項(xiàng)inperson“本人；親自”；D選項(xiàng)turnup“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大；發(fā)現(xiàn)；卷起；使仰臥”。句意：我要通知你，如果你愿意，你可以參加調(diào)查，并根據(jù)調(diào)查人員的決定親自或委托代表陳述你的情況。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Heenjoyedthedessertsomuchthatheacceptedasecond（）whenitwasoffered.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.loading

B.piling

C.helping

D.sharing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)loading“裝載；裝貨；裝載的貨”；B選項(xiàng)piling“地樁；打樁；樁材；打樁工程”；C選項(xiàng)helping“（食物的）一份”；D選項(xiàng)sharing“公用，共享”。句意：他非常喜歡甜點(diǎn)，所以當(dāng)有人給他第二份時(shí)，他接受了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

ItwouldappearthatKennedypursuedapolicyattimesmorerigidthanthatofEisenhower,thathefearedChinamoreintenselyandthatheplacatedChiangKai-shekmoreassiduously.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.provascularly

B.arbitratively

C.formidably

D.sedulously

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)provascularly和B選項(xiàng)arbitratively形式的副詞不存在；C選項(xiàng)formidably“強(qiáng)大地；難對(duì)付地；可怕地”；D選項(xiàng)sedulously“孜孜不倦地；勤勉地”。句意：肯尼迪奉行的政策有時(shí)似乎比艾森豪威爾的更為嚴(yán)格，他更害怕中國(guó)，更積極地安撫蔣介石。assiduously“刻苦地；勤勉地”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項(xiàng)uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報(bào)升”；C選項(xiàng)upmarket“質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)高的；高級(jí)的；在高檔之列”；D選項(xiàng)upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷售一直很火爆，在上個(gè)假期期間，占Numi銷售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費(fèi)階層的，高檔的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

TheshuttleColumbiawasdoomedinpartbecauseNASAreliedonflawedcomputersimulationsandmathematicalformulasthatfailedtoaccuratelypredictdamagetotheshuttlefromflyingpiecesoffoam,documentsreleasedbythespaceagencyandthegroupinvestigatingtheaccidentshow.

NuclearandaviationindustrysafetyexpertswhoarefamiliarwiththesortsofanalysesNASAusedsayspaceagencyofficialswerewrongtorelyonthesimulationstogaugerisks.Instead,theexpertssay,theyshouldhaveperformedtestsonshuttlecomponentstodeterminethedamagethatfoamfromthefueltankmightdotoitswing.

Thesesimulationsandformulassomedonebeforethelaunch,othersdoneduringthemissionoftenwerebasedonerroneousassumptionsabouttheabilityoftheshuttletowithstanddamage.NASAmanagersassumeditwassafeforColumbiatoreturntoEartheventhoughfoamhadstruckthewing.

Thefoamhittheleftwing82secondsafterliftoffandbrokethroughoneofthecarbonpanelsdesignedtoprotectthewingsfromtheintenseheatofre-entry.Columbiabrokeapartasitre-enteredEarth’satmosphereonFeb.1.Allsevenastronautswerekilled.

Today,theColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoardWillissueitsfindingsonwhatcausedtheaccident.Inadditiontodetailinghowtheblowfromthefoamledtothebreak-up,theboardwilldocumenthowdecisionsbyNASAmanagersunderestimatedtheperilColumbiafacedandhowtheyignoredwarnings,accordingtopreviouspublicstatementsfromboardmembers.

Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

AmongtheareastobediscussedisNASA’srelianceoncomputersimulationsandmathematicalmodels.Beforethemission—andagainafterfuzzyphotosshowedthefoamhadhitColumbia’swing-simulationsandotheranalysesledtopoordecisionsbyNASAmanagers,documentsshow.ThesimulationsappeartohaveblindedthemtodangersignalsaboutfoamonearlierflightsandledthemtodramaticallyunderestimatethethreattoColumbia.Theindependentboard’sreportalsoisexpectedtofindthattheNASAsafetyofficewasineffectiveandunderfunded.

Inonecase,duringtheColumbiamission,atleast75shuttleexpertswithNASAanditscontractorsweresoconcernedaboutthepoorqualityofdatainananalysistheywerepreparingthattheyrecommendedtakingphotosoftheshuttleinspace,sourcessay.Thosephotoscouldhaveshownwhetherfoamhaddamagedtheleftwing.

Instead,NASAmanagerstrustedtheanalysisthattheexpertssaidwassoflawed.Theanalysiswronglyestimatedwherethefoamhitandconcludedthattheshuttlehadnotsustainedsignificantdamage.HadNASAknowntheextentofthedamage,theagencymighthavelaunchedarescuemissiontotrytosaveColumbia’screw.

EngineersconnectedtotheanalysissaytheyareangryandpuzzledthatNASAwouldnotseekphotosfromsatellitesortelescopes.NASAmanagerssaytheywerenottoldofthelimitationsoncomputersimulationsandanalyses.

Bynecessity,NASAreliesheavilyoncomputermodelsandotheranalysistoolstoprovidecluesaboutwhathappenstotheshuttlefromlaunchuntilre-entry.Itcannoteasilyrecreatetheextremetemperaturesofspaceinalab.Usedproperly,suchanalysescanimprovesafety.Indeed,analysistechniquesroutinelyhelpdesignsaferjetwingsandnuclearplants.

Butsafetyexpertsinhigh-riskindustriessaythey’velearnedthehardwaymathematicalformulasandcomputersimulationscannotfullymimicnature.SeveralmajoraviationcrashesandtheThreeMileIslandnuclearaccidentwerecausedbypooranalyses,expertssay.

“Youneedtotakeintoaccounttheuncertainties”saysElizabethPate-Cornell,chairmanofthemanagementsciencesandengineeringdepartmentatStanfordUniversity.“It’stheoldstory:garbagein,garbageout.”

AsColumbiaorbited,engineerserroneouslyconcludedthefoamcouldnotdamagethewing’scarbonpanels.Theanalysiswasbasedonearliertestsofsmallicepelletshittingthepanels.Butthosetestscouldnotpre