2021年6月英語四級真題及參考答案完整版

2021年6月大學英語四級測驗真題PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaytitled“Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy".Thestatementgivenbelowisforyourreference.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbunomorethan180words.Manystudiesclaimthatcomputersdistractpeople,makethemlazythinkersandevenlowertheirworkefficiency.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)EnrolhiminaNewcastlefootballclub.B)Sendhimtoanafter-schoolartclass.C)Forbidhimtodrawinhisworkbook.D)Helphimposthisdrawingsonline.2.A)ContactedJoetodecorateitsdining-room.B)HiredJoetopaintallthewallsofisbuildings.C)Renovateditskitchenandallthedining-rooms.D)AskedJoeforpermissiontousehisonlinedrawings.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Getherpetdogback.B)Begforhelpfromthepolice.C)Identifythesuspectonthesecurityvideo.D)Postpicturesofherpetdogonsocialmedia.4.A)Itissufferingagreatdealfromtheincident.B)Itishelpingthepolicewiththeinvestigation.C)Itisbringingthecasetothelocaldistrictcourt.D)Itisofferingabigrewardtoanyonewhohelps.Questions5and7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Providefreemealstothelocalpoor.B)Helppeopleconnectwitheachother.C)Helpeliminateclassdifferenceinhisarea,D)Providecustomerswithfirst-classservice.6.A)Itdoesnotsuperviseitsemployees.B)Itdonatesregularlytoalocalcharity.C)Itdoesnotusevolunteers.D)Itisopenroundtheclock.7.A)Theywillrealisetheimportanceofcommunication.B)Theywillcometothecafeevenmorefrequently.C)Theywillcarelessabouttheirownbackground.D)Theywillfindtheyhavesomethingincommon.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)AsurprisepartyforPaul’sbirthday..B)Travelplansforthecomingweekend.C)PreparationsforSaturday’sget-together.D)Thenewmarketontheothersideoftown.9.A)Itmakesthehostess’sjobawholeloteasier.B)Itenablesgueststowalkaroundandchatfreely.C)Itsavesconsiderabletimeandlabor.D)Itrequiresfewertablesandchairs.10.A)Itofferssomebigdiscounts.B)Itisquiteclosetoherhouse.C)Itismorespaciousandlesscrowded.D)Itsellslocalwinesandsoftdrinks.11.A)Cookadishfortheparty.B)Arrive10minutesearlier.C)Prepareafewopeningremarks.D)Bringhiscomputerandspeakers.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Forcommutingtowork.B)Forlong-distancetravel,C)ForgettingaroundinMiami.D)Forconvenienceatweekends.13.A)Theyarereliable.B)Theyarecompact.C)Theyarespacious.D)Theyareeasytodrive.14.A)Buyasecond-handcar.B)Trustherownjudgment.C)Seekadvicefromhisfriend.D)Lookaroundbeforedeciding.15.A)Hesellsnewcars,B)Hecanbetrusted.C)Heisstartingabusiness.D)Heisasuccessfulcardealer.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.16.A)Manyescapedfromfarmsandbecamewild.B)TheywereactuallynativetoNorthAmerica.C)Manygotkillinthewildwhensearchingforfood.D)TheywerehuntedbySpanishandRussianexplorers.17.A)Theyoftenmakesuddenattacksonpeople.B)Theybreakupnature’sfoodsupplychain.C)Theycausemuchenvironmentalpollution.D)Theycarryagreatmanydiseases.18.A)Theylivedpeacefullywithwildpigs.B)Theyranoutoffoodcompletely.C)Theyfellvictimtoeagles.D)Theyreproducedquickly.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Tastecoffeewhileinouterspace.B)Roastcoffeebeansinouterspace.C)Developanewstrainofcoffeebean.D)Useapressurisedtanktobrewcoffee.20.A)Theycaneasilygetburned.B)Theyfloataroundintheoven.C)Theyhavetobeheatedto360°C.D)Theyreceiveevenlydistributedheat.21.A)Theychargedahighpricefortheirspace-roastedcoffeebeans.B)TheysetupabranchinDubaitomanufacturecoffeeroasters.C)Theycollaboratedonbuildingthefirstspacecoffeemachine.D)Theyabandonedtheattempttoroastcoffeebeansinspace.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itisthebesttimeforsightseeing.B)Aracepassesthroughitannually.C)TheycometocleantheIditarodTrail,D)Itiswhenthevillagerschooseaqueen.23.A)Itschildren’sbakingskills.B)Itsuniquewinterscenery.C)Itstastyfruitpies.D)Itsgreatfoodvariety.24.A)Thecontestants.B)Theentirevillage.C)JanNewtonandherfriends.D)PeoplefromthestateofIdaho.25.A)SheownedarestaurantinIdaho.B)Shemarriedherhusbandin1972.C)ShewenttoAlaskatocompeteinrace.D)Shehelpedthevillagetobecomefamous.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.MostanimalsseekshadewhentemperaturesintheSaharaDesertsoarto120degreesFahrenheit,ButfortheSaharansilverant,26fromtheirundergroundnestsintothesun’sBrutalto27forfood,thisistheperfecttimetoseeklunch.In2021theseantswerejoinedinthedesertbyscientistsfromtwoBelgianuniversities,whospentamonthinthe28heattrackingtheantsanddiggingouttheirnests.Thegoalwassimple,todiscoverhowthe29adaptedtothekindofheatthatcan30meltthebottomofshoes.BackinBelgium,thescientistslookedattheantsunderanelectronicmicroscopeandfoundthattheir31triangularhairreflectslightlikeaprism(棱鏡),givingthemametallicreflectionandprotectingthemfromthesun’sawfulheat.WhenPh.D.studentQuentinWillot32thehairfromanantwith33knifeandputitunderaheatlamp,itstemperaturejumped.Theants’methodofstayingcoolis34amonganimals.CouldthisreflectivetypeofhairprotectpeopleWillotsayscompaniesareinterestedin35theseants'methodofheatprotectionforhumanuse,includingeverythingfromhelpingtoprotectthelivesoffirefighterstokeepinghomescoolinsummer.A)adaptingB)consciouslyC)crawlingD)crowdedE)extremeF)huntG)literallyH)moderateD)remoteJ)removedK)speciesL)specimensM)thickN)tiny0)uniqueSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Thestartofhighschooldoesn’thavetobestressful[A]Thismonth,morethan4millionstudentsacrossthenationwillbeginhighschool.Manywilldowell.Butmanywillnot.Considerthatnearlytwo-thirdsofstudentswillexperiencethe“ninth-gradeshock,〞whichreferstoadramaticdropinastudent’sacademicperformance.Somestudentscopewiththisshockbyavoidingchallenges.Forinstance,theymaydropdifficultcoursework.Othersmayexperienceahopelessnessthatresultsinfailingtheircoreclasses,suchasEnglish,scienceandmath.[B]Thisshouldmatteragreatdealtoparents,teachersandpolicymakers.Ultimatelyitshouldmattertothestudentsthemselvesandsocietyatlarge,becausestudents’experienceoftransitioning(過渡)totheninthgradecanhavelong-termconsequencesnotonlyforthestudentsthemselvesbutfortheirhomecommunities.Wemaketheseobservationsasresearchpsychologistswhohavestudiedhowschoolsandfamiliescanhelpyoungpeoplethrive.[C]Inthenewglobaleconomy,studentswhofailtofinishtheninthgradewithpassinggradesincollegepreparatorycourseworkareveryunlikelytograduateontimeandgoontogetjobs.Onestudyhascalculatedthatthelifetimebenefittothelocaleconomyforasingleadditionalstudentwhocompleteshighschoolishalfamilliondollarsormore.Thisisbasedonhigherearningsandavoidedcostsinhealthcare,crime,welfaredependenceandotherthings.[D]Theconsequencesofdoingpoorlyintheninthgradecanimpactmorethanstudents’abilitytofindagoodjob.Itcanalsoimpacttheextenttowhichtheyenjoylife.Studentslosemanyofthefriendstheyturnedtoforsupportwhentheymovefromtheeighthtotheninthgrade.Onestudyofninth-gradestudentsfoundthat50percentoffriendshipsamongninthgraderschangedfromonemonthtothenext,signalingstrikinginstabilityinfriendships.[E]Inaddition,studiesfindthefirstyearofhighschooltypicallyshowsoneofthegreatestincreasesindepressionofanyyearoverthelifespan.Researchersthinkthatoneexplanationisthattiestofriendsarebrokenwhileacademicdemandsarerising.Furthermore,mostadultcasesofclinicaldepressionfirstemergeinadolescence(青春期).TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportsthatdepressionhasthegreatestburdenofdiseaseworldwide,intermsofthetotalcostoftreatmentandthelossofproductivity.[F]Givenallthat’sridingonhavingasuccessfulninthgradeexperience,itpaystoexplorewhatcanbedonetomeettheacademic,socialandemotionalchallengesofthetransitiontohighschool.Sofar,ourstudieshaveyieldedonemaininsight:Students'beliefsaboutchange--theirbeliefsaboutwhetherpeoplearestuckonewayforever,orwhetherpeoplecanchangetheirpersonalitiesandabilities--arerelatedtotheirabilitytocope,succeedacademicallyandmaintaingoodmentalhealth.Pastresearchhascalledthesebeliefs“mindsets(思維模式),〞witha“fixedmindset〞referringtothebeliefthatpeoplecannotchangeanda“growthmindset〞referringtothebeliefthatpeoplecanchange.[G]Inonerecentstudy,weexamined360adolescents’beliefsaboutthenatureof“smartness〞--thatis,theirfixedmindsetsaboutintelligence..Wethenassessedbiologicalstressresponsesforstudentswhosegradesweredroppingbyexaminingtheirstresshormones(荷爾蒙).Studentswhobelievedthatintelligenceisfixed--thatyouarestuckbeing“notsmart〞ifyoustruggleinschool--showedhigherlevelsofstresshormoneswhentheirgradesweredecliningatthebeginningoftheninthgrade.Ifstudentsbelievedthatintelligencecouldimprove--thatistosay,whentheyheldmoreofagrowthmindsetofintelligence--theyshowedlowerlevelsofstresshormoneswhentheirgradesweredeclining.Thiswasanexitingresultbecauseitshowedthatthebody’sstressresponsesarenotdeterminedsolelybyone’sgrades.Instead,declininggradesonlypredictedworsestresshormonesamongstudentswhobelievedthatworseninggradeswereapermanentandhopelessstateofaffairs.[H]Wealsoinvestigatedthesocialsideofthehighschooltransition.Inthisstudy,insteadofteachingstudentsthattheirsmartnesscanchange,wetaughtthemthattheirsocialstanding--thatis,whethertheyarebulliedorexcludedorleftout-canchangeovertime.Wethenlookedathighschoolstudents’stressresponsestodailysocialdifficulties.Thatis,wetaughtthemagrowthmindsetabouttheirsociallives.Inthisstudy,studentscameintothelaboratoryandwereaskedtogiveapublicspeechinfontofupper-yearstudents.Thetopicofthespeechwaswhatmakesonepopularinhighschool.Followingthis,studentshadtocompleteadifficultmentalmathtaskinfrontofthesameupper-yearstudents.[I]Experimentresultsshowedthatstudentswhowerenottaughtthatpeoplecanchangeshowedpoorstressresponses.Whenthesestudentsgavethespeech,theirbloodvesselscontractedandtheirheartspumpedlessbloodthroughthebody--bothresponsesthatthebodyshowswhenitispreparingfordamageordefeatafteraphysicalthreat.Thentheygaveworsespeechesandmademoremistakesinmath.Butwhenstudentsweretaughtthatpeoplecanchange,theyhadbetterresponsestostress,inpartbecausetheyfeltliketheyhadtheresourcestodealwiththedemandingsituation.Studentswhogotthegrowthmindsetintervention(干預)showedless-contractedbloodvesselsandtheirheartspumpedmoreblood-bothofwhichcontributedtomoreoxygengettingtothebrain,and,ultimately,betterperformanceonthespeechandmentalmathtasks.[J]Thesefindingsleadtoseveralpossibilitiesthatweareinvestigatingfurther.First,weareworkingtoreplicate(復制)thesefindingsinmorediverseschoolcommunities.Wewanttoknowinwhichtypesofschoolsandforwhichkindsofstudentsthesegrowthmindsetideashelpyoungpeopleadapttothechallengesofhighschool.Wealsohopetolearnhowteachers,parentsorschoolcounselorscanhelpstudentskeeptheirongoingacademicorsocialdifficultiesinperspective.Wewonderwhatwouldhappenifschoolshelpedtomakebeliefsaboutthepotentialforchangeandimprovementalargerfeatureoftheoverallschoolculture,especiallyforstudentsstaringtheninthgrade.36.Thenumberofpeopleexperiencingdepressionshowsasharpincreaseinthefirstyearofhighschool.37.Accordingtoonestudy,students’academicperformanceisnottheonlydecisivefactoroftheirstressresponses.38.Researcherswouldliketoexplorefurtherhowparentsandschoolscanhelpninthgradersbychangingtheirmindset.39.Accordingtoonestudy,eachhighschoolgraduatecontributesatleast500,000dollarstothelocaleconomy.，40.Inonestudy,studentsweretoldtheirsocialpositioninschoolisnotunchangeable.41.Itisreportedthatdepressionresultsinenormouseconomiclossesworldwide.42.Onestudyshowedthatfriendshipsamongninthgraderswerefarfromstable.43.Morethanhalfofstudentswillfindtheiracademicperformancedecliningsharplywhentheyentertheninthgrade.44.Researchersfoundthroughexperimentsthatstudentscouldbetaughttorespondtostressinmorepositiveway.45.Itisbeneficialtoexplorewaystocopewiththechallengesfacingstudentsenteringhighschool.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educatorsandbusinessleadershavemoreincommonthanitmayseem.Teacherswanttopreparestudentsforasuccessfulfuture.TechnologycompanieshaveaninterestindevelopingaworkforcewiththeSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)sillsneededtogrowthecompanyandadvancetheindustry.HowcantheywoktogethertoachievethesegoalsPlaymaybetheanswer.FocusingonSTEMskillsisimportant,buttherealityisthatSTEMsillsareenhancedandmorerelevantwhencombinedwithtraditional,hands-oncreativeactivities.Thiscombinationisprovingtobethebestwaytopreparetoday’schildrentobethemakersandbuildersoftomorrow.Thatiswhytechnologycompaniesarepartneringwitheducatorstobringbackgood,old-fashionedplay.Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant2lst-centuryskillsaren’trelatedtospecifictechnologiesorsubjectmatter,buttocreativity;skillslikeimagination,problem-findingandproblem-solving,teamwork,optimism,patienceandtheabilitytoexperimentandtakerisks.Theseareskillsacquiredwhenkidstinker(鼓搗小玩意),High-techindustriessuchasNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryhavefoundthattheirbestoverallproblemsolversweremastertinkerersintheiryouth.Therearecognitive(認知的)benefitsofdoingthingsthewaywedidaschildren—buildingsomething,tearingitdown,thenbuilding,itupagain.Researchshowsthatgiven15minutesoffreepay,four-andfive-year-oldswillspendahidofthistimeengagedinspatial,mathematical，andarchitecturalactivities.Thistypeofplay—especialwithbuildingblocks--helpschildrendiscoveranddevelopkeyprinciplesinmathandgeometry.Ifplayandbuildingarecritical1o2lstcenturyskilldevelopment,that’sreallygoodnewsfortworeasons:Childrenarebornbuilders,makers,andcreators,sofostering(培養(yǎng))2lst-centaryskillsmaybeassimpleasgivingkidsroomtoplay,tinkerandtrythingout,evenastheygrowolder,Secondly,itdoesn'ttake21st-centurytechnologytofoster2lst-centuryskills.Thisisespeciallyimportantforunder-resourcedschoolsandcommunities.Takingwhatevermaterialsarehandyandtinkeringwiththemisasimplewaytoengagethoseimportant“maker〞skills.Andanyone,anywhere.candoit.46.WhatdocstheauthorsayabouteducatorsA)Theyseekadvicefromtechnologycompaniestoachieveteachinggoals.B)Theyhavebeensuccessfulinpreparingtheworkforceforcompanies.C)Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededfortheirfuturesuccess.D)Theypartnerwithtechnologycompaniestoenhanceteachingefficiency.47.Howcaneducatorsbetterdevelopstudents’STEMskills,accordingtotheauthorA)Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.B)Byinvitingbusinessleaderstohelpdesigncurriculums.C)Byenhancingstudents’abilitytothinkinacriticalway.D)Byshowingstudentsthebestwaytolearnisthroughplay.48.Howdochildrenacquiretheskillsneededforthe21stcenturyA)Byengaginginactivitiesinvolvingspecifictechnologies.B)Byplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirown.C)Byfamiliarizingthemselveswithhigh-techgadgets.D)Bymasteringbasicprinciplesthroughteamwork.49.WhatcanwedotohelpchildrenlearnthebasicsofmathandgeometryA)Stimulatetheirinterestasearlyaspossible.B)Spendmoretimeplayinggameswiththem.C)Encouragethemtomakethingswithhands.D)Allowthemtotinkerfreelywithcalculators.50.WhatdoestheauthoradvisedisadvantagedschoolsandcommunitiestodoA)Trainstudentstobemakerstomeetfuturemarketdemands.B)Developstudents’creativeskillswiththeresourcesavailable.C)Engagestudentswithchallengingtaskstofostertheircreativity.D)Worktogetherwithcompaniestoimprovetheirteachingfacilities.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beinganinformationtechnology,orIT,workerisnotajobIenvy.Theyaretheoneswho,rightinthemiddleofacriticalmeeting,areexpectedtoinstantlyfixtheprojectorthat’snolongerworking.Theyhavetotoleratethebadtempersofcolleaguesfrustratedatthenumberoftimesthey'vehadtocallthehelpdeskforthesameissue.Theyarealsotheoneswhoknowtherearesystemsthataremorepowerful,reliableandfaster,buttheiremployersimplywillnotputupthefundstobuythem.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,employeeswhohaveajobreliantonITsupportconsiderITamajorsourceofjobdissatisfaction.Throughnofaultoftheyown,theycansuddenlyfindtheirproductivitydeterioratingorqualitycontrolnon-existent.Andthere’slittletheycandoaboutit.TheexperienceofusingITpenetratesalmosttheentireworkfield.Ithasbecomeacrucialpartofemployees’overallworkexperience.WhenITisoperatingasitshould,employeeself-confidenceswells.Theirjobsatisfaction,too,cansurgewhenwell-functioningmachinesrelievethemofdulltasksorrepetitiveprocesses.Butifthere’sonethingthattriggerswidespreademployeefrustration,it’sanITtransformationprojectgonewrong,whereswollenexpectationshavebeenpoppedandalonglistofpromisedefficiencieshavebeenreversed.ThisoccurswhenbusinessleadersimplementITinitiativeswithlittleconsiderationofhowthosechangeswillimpacttheenduser.WhichiswhymanagersshouldappreciatejusthowinfluentialtheITuserexperienceistotheiremployees,andexertsubstantialeffortinensuringtheirITteameliminatesprogrammingerrorsandapplicationcrashes.AdequateandtimelyITsupportshouldalsobeavailabletoenableuserstocopewithtechnologicalissuesatwork.Moreimportantly,ITpractitionersneedtounderstandwhatemployeesexperiencementallywhenheyuseIT.Therefore,businessesneedtosetuptheirITinfrastructuresothatitisdesignedtofitinwiththeiremployees’work,ratherthanadjusttheirwoktofitinwiththecompany’sITlimitations.51.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkinginITA)Itisenviedbymany.B)Itdoesnotappealtohim.CItisfinanciallyrewarding.D)Itdoesnotmatchhisabilities.52.WhatisthefindingofarecentsurveyonemployeeswhohaveajobreliantonITsupportA)IThelpsboostproductivity.B)IThelpsimprovequalitycontrol.C)ManyemployeesaredeeplyfrustratedbyIT.D)MostemployeesrelyheavilyonITintheirwork.53.WhatissaidtohappenwhenITisfunctioningproperlyA)Thereisabigboostinemployees’workefficiency.B)Employeesbecomemoredependentonmachines.C)Therearenolongeranyboringorrepetitivetasks.D)Employeesbecomemoreconfidentintheirwork.54.WhatshouldbusinessleadersdobeforeimplementingnewITinitiativesA)Considerthevariousexpectationsoftheircustomers.B)Drawupalistoftheefficienciestobepromised.C)Assesstheswollencostoftrainingtheemployees.D)Thinkaboutthepossibleeffectsontheiremployees.55.Howcanabusinesshelpimproveitsemployees'experienceinusingITA)Bydesigningsyst