2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號97

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-鄭州大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

青年興則國家興，青年強則國家強。青年一代有理想、有本領(lǐng)、有擔當，國家就有前途，民族就有希望。中國夢是歷史的、現(xiàn)實的，也是未來的；是我們這一代的，更是青年一代的。中華民族偉大復興的中國夢，終將在一代代青年的接力奮斗中變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。

【答案】Anationwillprosperonlywhenitsyoungpeoplethrive.Iftheyounggenerationhasideals,abilitiesandresponsibilities,thecountrywillhaveafutureandthenationwillhavehope.TheChinesedreamishistorical,realisticandfuture;itbelongstoourgeneration,especiallytheyounggeneration.TheChinesedreamofthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationwilleventuallybecomearealityintherelaystruggleofgenerationsofyoungpeople.

2.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.irrelevantly

C.independently

D.separately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。indistinctly“朦朧地，不明了地”，不跟of連用；irrelevantly“不相干地（與介詞to連用），不切題地”；independently“獨立地，自立地”，可與介詞of連用；separately“分別地，分離地（與介詞from連用），個別地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“inseparableinfact”（實際上不可分割）知空格處應該填寫“分開的或獨立的”。因此選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Thelocalresidentswereunhappyaboutthecurfewinthisregionanddecidedto（）it.

問題1選項

A.defy

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。defy“藐視；公然反抗”；disguise“偽裝”；disgrace“給……丟臉”；distress“使背痛；使貧困”。根據(jù)residentswereunhappyaboutthecurfew“居民對宵禁不滿”，可知他們決定“反抗”，選項A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.Gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworlditmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently.

【答案】在社交生活中，時間扮演著重要的角色。在美國，如果客人在一個聚會的前3天或4天才收到邀請，他們就會覺得自己沒有受到高度重視。但并不是所有國家都這樣。在世界的其他地方，太早和別人約好時間被認為是愚蠢的，因為超過一個星期的提前預約很容易被人忘掉。時間在不同國家有不同的意義。因此，來自看待時間不同的文化的人之間會產(chǎn)生誤會。

5.單選題

David（）hiscompany’ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperseveringhardwork.

問題1選項

A.pledged

B.contributed

C.acknowledged

D.attributed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。pledge“保證；許諾”；contribute“貢獻，出力”；acknowledge“承認，答謝”；attribute“歸屬；把……歸于”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞success可知空格處的意思是“將成功歸功于……”，因此選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam（）tocarryingouttheplan.

問題1選項

A.resolved

B.engaged

C.obliged

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語搭配。beresolvedto“決心……”；beengagedin“忙于做……”；beobligedto“不得不；有義務”；becommittedto“致力于……”。Since引導了一個原因狀語從句，“由于已經(jīng)來不及改變主意了”，所以空格處所在的句子表示“執(zhí)行這個計劃”，因此選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke,shestartedtofeel（）withtheheatinside.

問題1選項

A.craned

B.congested

C.confronted

D.oppressed

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。craned是crane的過去式和過去分詞形式，不是形容詞；congested“堵塞的；擁擠的”；confronted是confront的過去式和過去分詞形式，不是形容詞；oppressed“受壓制的”。根據(jù)前半句“房間里擠滿了人并且到處是煙”，可知在這樣的環(huán)境下人會感到壓抑，因此選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

WhenUseHaddasoldherroomy,threebedroomhouseayearagotomoveintoatwo-bedroomcondoinBerkeley,California,shestruggledtoarrangeheroldfurnitureinhernewspace.Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway.Nothingseemedtowork.Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming.Shecouldn’tfindspaceforherfavoriteleatherchairandtheotherfurnituregroupedaroundthelivingroomfireplace.Inanalcoveoffthemasterbedroom,herdeskfeltoutofplaceandgotinthewayofthein-wallironingboard."Iwasfrustratedbecauseitlookedawful,shesays.

Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers.

It'snotasstrangeasitsounds.Real-estateagentsoftenrecommendthatsellershireahomestager(alsoknownasreal-estateenhancer)towhiskthroughtheirhomesand"neutralize"thembeforetheygoonthemarket.When"stagingtosell,"ahomestager,sometimeswiththehelpofateam,stashesawaypersonalitems(yourcollectionofantiquedolls,forexample,orthemodelboatonthemantel);repaintsaggressivelycoloredwalls,andrearrangesfurnitureandaccessoriestodrawattentiontoahome'sbestfeatures."Stagingtolive,"asit'scalled,isthelogicalnextstep.Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome.Butthistime,insteadofseekingtodepersonalizeyourabode,theemphasisisonorganizing,decluttering,andrearrangingto"de-stress"theenvironment,saysBarbSchwarz,who'sbeenstaginghomesformorethan30yearsandfoundedtheInternationalAssociationofHomeStagingProfessionalsfouryearsago.

"It'svisualtherapy,"saysSchwarz."It'saboutfine-tuningaspacetoimproveitsenergyandtheflowfromroomtoroom,"shesays.Schwarzestimatesthatabout40percentofherstaging-to-sellclientsaskhertostagetheirnewhomes.

Stagingisalsoaboutgettingridoffamiliarobjectsthathomeownersareoverlyattachedto,saysinteriordesignerPatMcMillan,coauthorofHomeDecoratingforDummies.Astager"canbebrutallyhonest"aboutdisposingofclutterandrelegatingtattyfamilyheirloomstothecloset.

Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield,throughathree-daycourseatoneofSchwarz'sStagingUniversitytrainingprogramswhichcoverssuchtopicsastrafficpatterns,furniturearrangement,and"familylifestyle”,earnsgraduatestherighttocallthemselvesAccreditedStagingProfessionals.Feesvarywidelybuttypicallyrunabout$75anhour.Dependingonthenumberofrooms,thetotalfeetostageahomemayrangeanywherefrom$750to$3,0000,saysSchwarz.

1.Thesentence"Nothingseemedtowok"(Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

3.Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thestagerfieldistheoneinwhich?

問題1選項

A.herfurniturelosttheirfunctionsfortheirnewarrangement

B.shehadlostherjobandhadnothingtodo

C.herfurnitureweretoooldtobeusedanylonger

D.shedidn'tlikeherfurnitureanymorefortheirawfullooking

問題2選項

A.Onehomestagerisenoughtodoalltheworks.

B.Thestagerstrytheirbesttopreventthehousefrombeingsold.

C.Personalitemsofthehomeownerwillbeusedtodrawattention.

D.Wallswithinappropriatecolorswillberepainted.

問題3選項

A.stagingtoliveisacertainstepforallthe"stagingtosell"clients.

B.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsorganizetheirnewhouses.

C.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsselltheirnewhouses.

D.stagingtolivecostsmuchmorethanthestepof“stagingtosell”.

問題4選項

A.anyonecanbuyasatisfyinghousefrom

B.anyonecanearnalotofmoney

C.anyonecanhaveatry

D.anyonecanstartatrainingcompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“句子‘沒有什么看起來發(fā)揮了作用’可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾經(jīng)擺放在一起的成套的家具現(xiàn)在卻不再按照以前的方式擺放了（Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway）；第四句提到她的七個大型的木制書柜被擺放在客廳里面，使它們看起來不協(xié)調(diào)并且占了大量的空間（Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming），因此可知選項A“重新擺放后的家具失去了作用”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段可知下列哪句話是正確的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔沒有早點找一個理家老手來幫她去掉房子之前的印記，以便吸引潛在買家（Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers），由此可知選項D“不合適的墻面顏色需要重新刷油漆”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從第三段可推斷出什么？”文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在見識到了理家老手的高超手段后，他們會再次雇傭理家老手去打理他們的新家（Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome），因此選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，理家行業(yè)怎么樣？”文章最后一段第一句話提到每個人都可以嘗試在這個領(lǐng)域發(fā)展（Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield），選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Aftertheconcert,theclean-upcrewfoundtheground（）withpapers,bottlesandcans.

問題1選項

A.scrubbed

B.used

C.littered

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項scrubbed“擦洗；廢止；揉搓”；B選項used“用”；C選項littered“亂丟；給……墊褥草；把……弄得亂七八糟；亂扔廢棄物”；D選項dispersed“分散；傳播”。句意：音樂會結(jié)束后，清掃人員發(fā)現(xiàn)地上布滿包裝紙和瓶瓶罐罐。本句表示“包裝紙和瓶瓶罐罐被亂扔在地上”，因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Exercisecanaffectouroutlookonlife,anditcanalsohelpusgetridoftension,anxietyandfrustration.Soweshouldtakeexercise（）.

問題1選項

A.constantly

B.normally

C.usually

D.regularly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。constantly“不斷地，時常地”；normally“正常地，通常地”；usually“通常，經(jīng)常”；regularly“定期地”。根據(jù)空格前列舉的鍛煉帶來的各種好處及常識可知空格處應該填入一個表示“經(jīng)?！币饬x的詞，regularly與usually都有此意，但后者一般位于be動詞和助動詞后面，行為動詞前，所以選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

問題1選項

A.stimulate

B.renovate

C.invent

D.advocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”；renovate“更新；修復”；invent“發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造”；advocate“提倡；擁護”?！翱茖W理論的一個重要特征”與后面的“進一步研究”“更深層次的思考”的關(guān)系是前者“促進”后者的發(fā)生，因此選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Japan'sproductivityhasovertakenAmericaninsomemanufacturingindustries,butelsewheretheUnitedStateshad（）itslead.

問題1選項

A.takenup

B.broughtup

C.clungto

D.restedon

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeup“占據(jù)；開始從事”；bringup“提出；教育”；clingto“堅持；緊握不放”;reston“依靠；停留在”。前半句提到“在一些制造業(yè)，日本的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)超過了美國”，根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞but可知后半句講述的是“美國在其他領(lǐng)域依然處于領(lǐng)先地位”。因此選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

Herhusbandfeltitwouldbesillyto（）thecolorofthecurtainsbeforetheyhadpaintedtheroom.

問題1選項

A.choose

B.find

C.carry

D.charge

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。choose“選擇”；find“發(fā)現(xiàn)，尋找”；carry“拿，帶”；charge“充電；對……索費”。根據(jù)silly“愚蠢的”與beforetheyhadpaintedtheroom“在給房間上油漆之前”可知“選擇窗簾顏色”符合語境，選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

問題1選項

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。growth“增長，發(fā)展，生長”;nurture“養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng)”；promotion“提升”;creation“創(chuàng)造”。根據(jù)geneticsandenvironment（遺傳與環(huán)境）與naturevs.___的對應關(guān)系可知“養(yǎng)育”符合，因此選項B符合題意。句意：心理學家們對遺傳和環(huán)境在決定人類智力上的相對重要性長期以來都有爭論，即一個有時被稱為“自然”對比“培育”的辯論。

15.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負責”；stepinto“進入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”，因此他需要對此負責，選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly（）.

問題1選項

A.raised

B.lectured

C.delivered

D.preached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。raise“提高”；lecture“講課；演講”；deliver“交付，發(fā)表”；preach“說教”。deliveraspeech是固定短語，意思是“發(fā)表演講”，選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Theamountoftabloidinkspilledoverher24-yeardifferenceinagewithhernewboyfrienddoes（）her.

問題1選項

A.rankle

B.stirup

C.emaciate

D.whipup

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B選項stirup“激起；煽動；攪拌；喚起”；C選項emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D選項whipup“激起；鞭打”。句意：小報上關(guān)于她和新男友之間24歲的年齡差距的報道讓她很惱火。本句表示“小道消息所報道的事情讓她惱火”，因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

Mariowasawardedthemedalfordisplayingprofessional（）ofthehighestorderintherescueattemptstwoweeksago.

問題1選項

A.supervision

B.intelligence

C.solution

D.competence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。supervision“監(jiān)督”；intelligence“智力；才智”solution“解決辦法”；competence“能力，勝任”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞professional“專業(yè)的”及rescueattempts“救援努力”可推斷此處講的是“專業(yè)能力”，因此選項D符合題意。

19.寫作題

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

20.單選題

WhenthefirstofthetwoVikinglanderstoucheddownonMartiansoilonJuly20,1976,andbegantosendcameraimagesbacktoEarth,thescientistsattheJetPropulsionLaboratorycouldnotsuppressacertainnervousanticipation,likepeoplewhoholdatickettoalotterytheyhaveaone-in-a-millionchanceofwinning.Thefirstphotographsthatarrived,however,didnotcontainanyevidenceoflife.Whatrevealeditselftothemwasmerelyabarrenlandscapelitteredwithrocks.Theviewresemblednothingsomuchasaflatsectionofdesert—infact,thewinningentryinacontestatJ.P.L.forthephotographmostaccuratelypredictingwhatMarswouldlooklikeasasnapshottakeninaparticularlyaridsectionoftheMojaveDesert.

Thescientistsweresoonreadytoturntheirattentionfromvisiblelifetomicroorganisms.ThetwinVikinglanderscarriedthreeexperimentsdesignedtodetectcurrentbiologicalactivityandonetodetectorganiccompounds,becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth,throughthegradualchemicalevolutionofcomplexorganicmolecules（分子）.Todetectbiologicalactivity,Martiansoilsamplesweretreatedwithvariousnutrientsthatwouldproducecharacteristicby-productsiflifeformswereactiveinthesoil.Theresultsfromallthreeexperimentswereinconclusive.Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone,anunexpectedresultbecauseatleastorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentoftheMartiansurfacebymeteorites（限星）werethoughttohavebeenpresent.

Theabsenceoforganicmaterial,somescientistsspeculated,wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmospherewhichwasatonetimerichincarbondioxideandthusthickenoughtoprotectitssurfacefromtheharmfulrayoftheSun,thecarbondioxidehadgraduallylefttheatmosphereandbeenconvertedintorocks.ThismeansthateveniflifehadgottenastartonearlyMars,itcouldnothavesurvivedtheexposuretoultravioletradiationwhentheatmospherethinned.MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid.

DespitethedisappointedVikingresults,therearethosewhostillkeepopenthepossibilityoflifeonMars.TheypointoutthattheVikingdatacannotbeconsideredthefinalwordonMartianlifebecausethetwolandersonlysampledtwolimitedanduninterestingsites.TheVikinglandingsiteswerenotchosenforwhattheymighttelloftheplanet’sbiology.Theywerechosenprimarilybecausetheyappearedtobesafeoflandingaspacecraft.ThelandingsiteswereonpartoftheMartianplainsthatappearedrelativelyfeaturelessfromorbitalphotography.

ThetypeofMartianterrainthattheseresearcherssuggestmaybeapossiblehidingplaceforactivelifehasanearthlyparallel:theice-freeregionofsouthernVictorialand.Antarctica,wherethetemperaturesinsomedryvalleyaveragebelowzero.Organismsknownasendoliths,aformofblue-greenalgae(藻類)thathasadoptedtothisharshenvironment,werefoundlivinginsidecertainporousrocksintheseAntarcticvalleys.TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever.

ShouldMarseventuallyprovetobecompletelybarrenoflife,assomesuspect,thenthiswouldhaveasignificantimpactonthecurrentviewofthechemicaloriginoflife.ItcouldbemuchmoredifficulttogetlifestartedonaplanetthanscientiststhoughtbeforetheVikinglandings.

1.Themajorpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.TheauthorusedtheevidencefromthefourVikingexperiments(paragraph2)toestablishthat（）.

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatimportantdifferencebetweenMarsandEarthisthatunlikeEarth,Mars（）.

4.Inparagraph5,theresearchers'argumentthatlifemayexistinMartianrocksrestsontheideathat（）.

問題1選項

A.relateanaccountofanextraordinaryscientificachievement

B.underminetheprevailingbeliefthatlifemayexistonMars

C.showthelimitationsofthescientificinvestigationofotherplanets

D.discusstheeffortsofscientiststodeterminewhetherMartianlifeexist

問題2選項

A.meteoritesdonotstrikethesurfaceofMarsasoftenasscientistshadthought.

B.therewasnoexperimentalconfirmationofthetheorythatlifeexistonMars.

C.currenttheoryastohowlifedevelopedonEarthisprobableflawed.

D.biologicalactivityhasbeenshowntobeabsentfromthesurfaceofMars.

問題3選項

A.couldnothavesustainedlifethatdeveloped

B.possessedatonetimeanatmosphererichincarbondioxide

C.isinthepathoftheharmfulraysofultravioletradiation

D.accumulatedorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentofmeteorites

問題4選項

A.lifeevolvedinthesamewayontwodifferentplanets

B.lifedevelopedintheformofblue-greenalgaeonMars

C.organismsmayadoptidenticalsurvivalstrategiesincomparableenvironments

D.endolithsarecapableoflivingintheharshenvironmentofMars

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提到科學家們通過圖像并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上可見的生命，接下來講述了科學家們通過火星土樣也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上有微生物存在，然后推測原因，最后一段提到如果火星最后被證明沒有生命存在可能帶來的影響，由此可知本文主要是講述了科學家們努力確定火星上有無生命，因此選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者使用四個火星實驗得來的證據(jù)是為了……”。文章第二段提到“因為研究人員認為有可能早期火星上的生命就想地球上的生命一樣”（becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth），但是在火星土樣中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何跡象（Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone），因此選項B“火星上有生命這一理論沒有得到實驗的證實”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為火星和地球之間的重要區(qū)別在于不像地球,火星……”。文章第三段提到“是強烈的紫外線輻射穿透大氣層的結(jié)果”(wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmosphere)，最后一句提到“火星沒有像地球那樣形成一層保護臭氧層”(MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid)。選項C“在紫外線輻射的有害射線路徑上”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在第五段中，研究者認為火星巖石上有生命的觀點是依靠……”。文章第五段提到“基于該發(fā)現(xiàn)的論證是如果有生命存在于早期的火星上，那么這些生命就可能通過尋找比南極干谷更干燥的環(huán)境來維持生命形式”（TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever），選項C“生命體在類似環(huán)境中可能采取同樣的生存策略”符合題意。

21.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項

A.runinto

B.answerfor

C.complywith

D.abideby

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。runinto“遭遇，陷入”；answerfor“因……而受罰”；complywith“遵守，照做”；abideby“遵守，信守”。根據(jù)前面的“他沒有履行合同中的一些條款”可知，他應該為此負責，選項B符合題意。

22.單選題

Everypresidentmust（）thepresidentialoathbeforehedeliverstheinauguraladdress.

問題1選項

A.recite

B.swear

C.declare

D.claim

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。swearanoath“宣誓”是固定搭配，因此選項B符合題意。

23.單選題

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）doctoratebytheuniversity.

問題1選項

A.honored

B.honorary

C.honorific

D.honorable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。honored“光榮的；榮幸的”；honorary“榮譽的；名譽的”；honorific“尊敬的；敬稱的”；honorable“尊敬的”。此處是要表達“榮譽博士”，選項B符合題意。

24.單選題

Every（）ofamotionpictureistheresponsibilityofthedirector.

問題1選項

A.section

B.facet

C.character

D.footage

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項section“截面；部分；部門；地區(qū)；章節(jié)”；B選項facet“面；方面；小平面用”；C選項character“性格，品質(zhì)；特性；角色；[計]字符”；D選項footage“英尺長度；連續(xù)鏡頭；以尺計算長度”。句意：電影的每一段鏡頭都是導演的責任。由電影導演的責任可知此處鏡頭的含義最合適，因此D選項正確。

25.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Theword“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthentically（真實地）bybeingcredible,trustworthy,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawed（敬畏）bythem.

【答案】“勝利者”與“失敗者”有很多含義。當我們談到某個人是勝利者的時候，我們不是說他通過打倒某人取勝了。在我們看來，勝利者就是一個值得信賴，敢于承擔責任并且誠懇的人——作為個體或作為社會一員都是如此。

成功者敢于獨立思考，敢于運用自身的學識。他們能夠分清事實與觀點，明辨是非，不會裝作無所不知。他們傾聽他人的見解，品評他人的言論，但形成自己的結(jié)論。雖然成功者也會欽佩他人，敬重他人，但他們絕不會受制于他人，為他人所束縛，不會畏懼他人，或為他人所擊垮。

26.不定項選擇題

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation’sschoolchildrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafe.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory.

Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations--arguethatseatbeltsarenecessarynotonlytoreducefatalityandinjury,butalsototeachchildrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinanymovingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelpkeepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977.Theyalsobelievethatmanychildrenwon’twearseatbeltsanyway,andthatmaydamagethebeltsorusethemasweaponstohurtotherchildren.

AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive.Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts.

ThereportsponsoredbytheDepartmentoftransportationattherequestofCongress,reviewsseatbeltsextensivelywhiletakingabroaderlookatsafetyinandaroundschoolbuses.

1.Eachyear,childrenkilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzonesareabout（）.

2.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtothewords“aredivided”inParagraph2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontroloftheschoolbuses’“safety”?

4.Itmaybeinferredfromthispassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitlewhichexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.10

B.40

C.30

D.50

問題2選項

A.disagree

B.separate

C.arrange

D.concern

問題3選項

A.ANewResearchCouncil

B.TheDepartmentofTransportation

C.TheMedicalOrganizations

D.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration

問題4選項

A.manyoftheopponentsofseatbeltinstallationareparentsandofficialsoftheDepartmentofTransportation

B.proposalofseatbeltsonschoolbuseswouldbeseriouslyconsidered

C.analternatesafetydevice(raisingseatbacksfourinches)maybetakenintoconsideration

D.TheDepartmentofTransportationmayeithertaketheideaofseatbeltsorothermeasureswhenitreviewsthewholesituation

問題5選項

A.MakingSchoolBusesEvenSaferforChildren

B.SeatBeltsNeededonSchoolBuses

C.AlternateSafetyDevicesandProcedures

D.SafetyinandaroundSchoolBuses

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段...about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutsidebusesintheloadingzones.（……每年約有10名兒童在乘坐大型校車時死亡，而在校車外裝載區(qū)的死亡人數(shù)幾乎是這個數(shù)字的4倍。），可知B選項“40”正確；A,C,D選項不符合題意。因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:語義推測題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字aredivide可以定位到第二段peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應該被強制使用）由安全帶是否應該被強制使用人們存在兩種意見，則A選項“不同意；不一致；爭執(zhí)”正確；B選項“分開的；單獨的；分離，分開；隔開；分手；可搭配穿著的單件衣服；抽印本；獨立音響設(shè)備；土壤劃分”，C選項“安排；排列；整理”以及D選項“擔心，憂慮；關(guān)愛，關(guān)心；關(guān)心的事，負責的事；涉及；使擔心”錯誤。因此A選項符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句PeoplewhoobjecttoseatbeltinstallationsuggestthatchildrenarealreadywellprotectedbytheschoolbusesthatfollowtheNationHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration’s(NHTSA)safetyrequirementssetin1977（反對系安全帶的人建議說，按照1977年國家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校車已經(jīng)很好地保護了孩子們）可以判斷出D選項“國家公路交通安全管理局”符合題意，最大程度上的校車安全控制在于國家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句AnewResearchcouncilreportonschoolbussafetysuggestthattherearealternatesafetydevicesandproceduresthatmaybemoreeffectiveandlessexpensive（一份新的研究委員會關(guān)于校車安全的報告建議，有替代的安全裝置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A選項“一個新的研究委員會”只是提出建議，不符合題目；B選項“運輸部”錯誤，原文并沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長和醫(yī)療機構(gòu)）可以得知C選項“醫(yī)療機構(gòu)”只是贊成在校車上系上安全帶，不符合題意；因此D選項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句Forexample,thestudycommitteesuggestedthatraisingseatbacksfourinchesmayhavethesamesafetyeffectivenessasseatbelts（例如，研究委員會建議，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全帶一樣安全）可以得知C選項“可以考慮使用替代安全裝置（將座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合題意；據(jù)第三段第一句Peopleinfavourofseatbeltsonschoolbuses--manyofthemparentsandmedicalorganizations（贊成在校車上系安全帶的人們——其中許多是家長和醫(yī)療機構(gòu)）可以得知A選項“許多反對安裝安全帶的人是家長和交通部的官員”不符合題意；全文只是描述人們對于校車安全提出的兩個不同的建議，并不能看出哪個建議會被認真考慮，故B選項“校車系安全帶的建議會被認真考慮”不符合題意；D選項“當運輸部審查整個情況，它可能采取安全帶的想法或其他措施”在文章中未提及；因此C選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要就如何讓校車更安全進行探討，再根據(jù)第二段中心句Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbusaccidentsisnotlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peoplearedividedaboutwhatneedstobedone--particularlywhetherseatbeltsshouldbecompulsory（雖然校車事故的數(shù)量并不多，但兒童的安全一直是公眾高度關(guān)注的問題。雖然每個人都希望看到兒童安全運輸，但對于需要做些什么，人們存在分歧——尤其是安全帶是否應該被強制使用）可以得知A選項“讓校車對孩子們更安全”符合題意。B選項“校車上需要安全帶”以及C選項“備用安全裝置和程序”都是文章中對于如何讓校車對孩子更安全的觀點提出來的方法；D選項“校車內(nèi)外的安全”雖然在文章第一段中提到，但并不是文章主要描寫的內(nèi)容，下文并沒有提及，排除；因此A選項正確。

27.