南京師范大學(xué)詞匯學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)樣卷

南京師范大學(xué)詞匯學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)樣卷南京師范大學(xué)詞匯學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)樣卷南京師范大學(xué)詞匯學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)樣卷資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月南京師范大學(xué)詞匯學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)樣卷版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.（30%）Degradationcanbeillustratedbythefollowingexample().lewd→ignorantB.silly→foolishC.last→pleasureD.knave→boy2.Homophonesareoftenemployedtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectsof().A.humourB.sarcasmC.ridiculeD.alltheaboveThefourmajormodesofsemanticchangesare().A.extension,narrowing,elevationanddegradationextension,generalization,elevationanddegradationextension,narrowing,specializationanddegradationextension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradationTheuseofonenameforthatofanotherassociatedwithitisrhetoricallycalled().synecdocheB.metonymyC.substitutionD.metaphorIdiomsadjectivalinnaturefunctionsas().A.adjectivesB.attributesC.modifiersD.wordsGrammaticalcontextrefersto()inwhichawordisused.vocabularyB.grammarC.semanticpatternD.syntacticstructure7.Intheidiom'ingoodfeather',wechange'good'into'high,full'withoutchangingmeaning.Thischangeofconstituentisknownas().A.additionB.replacementC.position-shiftingD.variation8.Theword"laconic"is().A.onomatopoeicallymotivatedB.morphologicallymotivatedC.semanticallymotivatedD.etymologicallymotivated9.CCELDisdistinctiveforits().A.cleargrammarcodesB.languagenotesC.usagenotesD.extracolumns10.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTformedthroughclipping

()A.DormB.motelC.GentD.ZooOldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout()words.A.30,000to40,000B.50,000to60,000C.70,000to80,000D.80,000to90,000()areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.A.RootsB.StemsC.AffixesD.CompoundsBesidesFrenchwords,Englishalsoabsorbedas2,500wordsof()intheMiddleEnglishperiod.A.DutchoriginB.DanishoriginC.LatinoriginD.GreekoriginAwordisasymbolthat().isusedbythesamespeechcommunityB．representssomethingelseintheworld

C．isbothsimpleandcomplexinnatureD．showsdifferentideasindifferentsounds15.Somewordsinthebasicwordstockaresaidtobestablebecausethey().A.arecomplexwords.B.aretechnicalwordsC.refertothecommonestthingsinlife.D.denotethemostimportantconcepts.16.Accordingtothedegreeofsimilarity,homonymscanbeclassifiedinto().A.perfecthomonymsB.homonymsC.homophonesD.alltheaboveTransferasamodeofsemanticchangecanbeillustratedbytheexample().adfor“advertisement”B.dishfor“food"C.fondfor“affectionate”D.aneditorialfor“aneditorialarticle"Itisageneralbeliefthatthemeaningdoesnotexistintheworditself,butitratherspreadsover().A.thereader’sinterpretationB.theneighbouringwordsC.thewriter'sintentionD.theetymologyoftheword19.Whichofthefollowingisaprefixoftimeandorder

()extra-B.pro-C.re-D.semi-20.Whichofthefollowingdictionariesisnotaspecializeddictionary

()A.TheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishEtymologyB.Chamber’sEncyclopedicEnglishDictionary.C.LongmontDictionaryofPhrasalVerbs.D.Webster’sNewDictionaryofSynonyms.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue()Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.Therelationshipbetweenawordanditsreferentisarbitrary.Conceptisuniversaltoallmenalike.D.Sensedenotestherelationshipsoutsidethelanguage.Thewordswhichoccurbeforeorafterawordandmayaffectitsmeaningforms().physicalcontextB.grammaticalcontextC.lexicalcontextD.linguisticcontext“Smithisanarchitect.HedesignedWorldTradeCentre.”Theclueprovidedinthecontextis().A.definitionB.explanationC.exampleD.hyponymTheterm“Vocabulary”isusedindifferentwaysbecauseofallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat().A.itcanrefertothecommoncoreofalanguageB.itcanrefertothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguageC.itcanrepresentallthewordsusedinacertainhistoricalperiodD.itcanstandforwordsinagivendialectorfieldTheidiom"adarkhorse"isa().simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.personificationAnidiomdiffersfromafreephraseinthattheformeris()andthelatterisnot.structurallychangeableB.semanticallyanalyzableC.structurallyfixedD.easilyunderstoodWecanworkoutthemeaningofheliocentricandgeocentricaccordingto().A.morphologicalstructureB.relevantdetailsC.grammaticalstructureD.physicalcontextWhatcausestheambiguityofthesentence”IlikeMarybetterthanJanet"

()A.VocabularyB.SituationC.StructureD.NoneoftheaboveEarlyModernEnglishreferstothelanguagespoken().A.from1066to1500B.from1150to1500C.from1500to1700D.from1600to1800Affixesaddedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationsareknownas().A.boundrootsB.freemorphemesC.inflectionalmorphemesD.derivationalaffixesII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.（10%）Theformwhichremainsafterremovinganinflectionalaffixiscalled________.Thewordswhichareinvolvedinconversionarenouns,verbsand________.Thestylisticfeaturesofwordsformtheir________meaning.________fieldreferstoasetofwordswhicharesemanticallyrelated.Themodesofsemanticchangeinwordsincludeextension,narrowing,________andsemantictransfer.________motivationreferstothewordswhosemeaningsaresuggestedbytheirmorphologicalstructure.________isoneofthethreekindsofmeaningwhichhasnothingtodowithlanguage.Thereisno________relationshipbetweensoundandformastheconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.ThethreemainforeignlanguagesthathaveaffectedtheEnglishvocabularymostareLatin,Greek,and________.Aminimalmeaningfulunitofalanguageis________.III.DecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteT(true)orF(false)inthecorrespondingbrackets.(10%)OldEnglishreferstothelanguageusedbetween100and450.“Radiation”showsthatthederivedmeaningsofapolysemantarenotdirectlyrelatedtotheprimarymeaning.Theconnectionbetweensoundandmeaningisconventionalandarbitrary.Awordwhichhasasynonymnaturallyhasanantonym.Contentwordsarenumerousandmorefrequentlyusedthanfunctionalwordsonaverage.Extra-linguisticcontextreferstothephysicalsituationorculturalbackground.DuringtheMiddleEnglishperiod,Celtic,LatinandEnglishexistedsidebyside.Inadequatecontextisoftenthecauseofambiguity.Compoundingistheprocessofcreatingnewwordsbycombiningaffixesandbases.Insomepairsofantonyms,onetermmaycoverthemeaningoftheotherword.IV.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)wordorigin,2)wordformation,andtypesofsynonymsorantonyms.(10%)AB(D)51.skillA.back-formation(A)52.babysitB.blending(B)53.telequizC.Frenchorigin(H)54.composition/compoundingD.Scandinavianorigin(C)55.governmentE.clipping(I)56.same/differentF.relativesynonyms(E)57.gentG.Germanic(G)58.EnglishH.absolutesynonyms(F)59.change/alterI.Contradictoryterms(J)60.big/smallJ.contrarytermsV.Definethefollowingterms(15%)61.notionalwordsNotionalwordsarealsocalledcontentwordswhichdenoteclearnotions．Theyincludenouns,mostverbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals．62.ContextInanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentences,aparagraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebookinwhichawordappears．Inabroadsense,itincludesthephysicalsituationincludingthepeople,time,placeandeventhewholeculturalbackground．Synonyms（P67）Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalledsynonyms,e.g.elevator/lift.64.markedtermsManypairsofantonymscontainspecificwordsandgeneralwords.Insuchapair,thespecificwordisincludedinmeaningwithinthegeneralword.Thespecificwordsarecalledmarkedterms．65.ambiguityIfthereismorethanonemeaningforawordusedinacontext,ambiguityoccurs．Ambiguityismainlycausedbypolysemyandhomonymyandsometimesitiscausedbystructure．VI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.(15%)66.HowmanytypesofmotivationsarethereinEnglish

GiveONEexampleforeachtype.(P35)Therearefourtypesmotivation:Onomatapoeicmotivation,e.g.cuckoo,squeak,quack,etc.Morphologicalmotivation,e.g.airmail,reading-lamp,etc.Semanticmotivation,e.g.themouthoftheriver,thefootofthemountain,etc.4)Etymologicalmotivation,e.g.pen,laconic,etc.67.WhatarethemajorsourcesofEnglishsynonymsIllustrateyourpoints.(P47+P62)Keypoints:borrowing(P6211);dialectsandregionalEnglish;figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords;coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions.68.Whatarethecluesgenerallyprovidedinverbalcontext?（P68）Keypoints:Definition(P68inabroadway,islinguisticcontext);explanation;example;synonymy(P678);antonymy(P679);hyponymy(P6710);relevantdetailsandwordstructure.VII.Writinginabout100words(10%)WhathaveyoulearnedfromthecourseofEnglishlexicology?

WhatIhavelearnedfromlexicologyDuringourEnglishstudy,wemayaskourselvessuchaquestion:HowmanywordsarethereinEnglishItisimpossibletocountthenumberofwordsinalanguage,becauseitissohardtodecidewhatcountsasaword.Thus,English-lexicologicallearningisimportantinsomeaspects.Duringthestudyoflexicologycourse,Ihaveacquiredalotofusefulinformationwhichreallydoeshelpme.Initially,s