高三英語復習與訓練十二一-動詞的語態(tài) (人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)

Word-18-高三英語復習與訓練十二一--動詞的語態(tài)(人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)

篇2：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)篇4：高三英語復習與訓練二十一一--情態(tài)動詞(人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)篇7：語法復習八：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)（1）(人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)篇10：考點6動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)篇12：高三英語復習與訓練十六一--虛擬語氣(人教版高三英語下冊教學論文)

高三英語復習與訓練十六一--虛擬語氣

16.虛擬語氣

1）虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個條件，不肯定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣在條件句中應用比較多。

2）條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的狀況，故采納虛擬語氣。

16.1真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設的狀況有可能發(fā)生。各種結構參見下表：

句型條件從句主句

一般現(xiàn)在時shall/will+動詞原形

祈使句

情態(tài)動詞一般現(xiàn)在時

例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.假如他來，會帶小提琴來的。

典型例題

Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined

答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

留意：

1）在真實條件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示將來，該用shall,will.

（錯）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.

（對）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.

2）表示真理時，主句謂語動詞不用shall（will）+動詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式。

16.2非真實條件句

1）虛擬語氣可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的狀況，時態(tài)的基本特點是時態(tài)往后推移。

a.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設

條件從句主句

一般過去時（be用were）should（would）等+動詞原形

例如：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.假如他們在這兒，會關心你的。

含義：Theyarenothere,theycan’thelpyou.

b.與過去事實相反的假設

條件從句主句

過去完成時should（would）等+have+過去分詞

例如：Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.假如他昨天來的話，我會把這件事告知他的。

含義：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.

c.表示對將來不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想

條件從句主句

一般過去時should/would等+動詞原形

were+不定式

should+動詞原形

例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.假如你將來勝利了，一切都會好的。

Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

含義：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.

16.3混合條件句

有時，主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間，主句從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句。例如：

Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.假如你昨天問過他，今日就知道做什么了。

（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。）

Ifithadrainedlastnight（過去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（現(xiàn)在）.假如昨晚下過雨，今日就會很冷了。

16.4虛擬條件句的倒裝

虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should,或had時,可省略if，再把were,should或had移到從句的句首，實行倒裝。例如：

Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他們現(xiàn)在在的話，就會關心我們了。

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你來得早一點，就遇到他了。

Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。

留意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞'be'的過去時態(tài)一律用“were”，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。例如：

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.假如我是你，就會去找他。

Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.假如他在這兒，一切都會好的。

典型例題

_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI

答案C.在虛擬條件狀語中假如有were,should,had這三個詞，通常將if省略，主語提前,變成were,should,had+主語的形式。但要留意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo,而不能說Weren'tItodo。

16.5特別的虛擬語氣詞should

1）在主語從句中的應用

Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等結構的主語從句，謂語動詞用should加動詞原形，should可省略。

Itis可用的詞有三類that（should）do

suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等

important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等

apity,ashame,nowonder等

2）在賓語從句中的應用

在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+（should）do等。例如：

Isuggestthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我建議下周召開個會議。

Heinsistedthathe（should）besentthere.他要求被派到那兒去。

留意：如suggest,insist不表示“建議”或“堅持要某人做某事時”，即它們用于其本意“示意、表明”、“堅持認為”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。

推斷改錯：（錯）Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.

（對）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.

（錯）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.

（對）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.

3）在表語從句，同位語從句中的應用

suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。例如：

Myideaisthatwe（should）getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.我的想法是讓更多的人來參與會議。

Imakeaproposalthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我提了個建議，下周我們開個會。

16.6wish的用法

1）wish后面的從句，表示與事實相反的狀況，或表示將來不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為：

主句從句

從句動作先于主句動詞動作（be的過去式為were）現(xiàn)在時過去時

從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生（had+過去分詞）過去時過去完成時

將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望將來時would/could+動詞原形

例如：IwishIwereastallasyou.我盼望和你一樣高。

Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他盼望他沒講過那樣的話。

Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我盼望明天下雨就好了。

2）wishtodo；wishsb/sthtodo。例如：

Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.我盼望見一見經(jīng)理。

Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.（=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.）我盼望經(jīng)理能立刻得到消息。

16.7比較ifonly與onlyif

onlyif表示“只有”；ifonly則表示“假如……就好了”。Ifonly也可用于陳述語氣。例如：

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。

Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.當時鬧鐘響就好了。

Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早點回來。

16.8Itis（high）timethat

Itis（high）timethat后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should不行省略。例如：

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.孩子們該睡覺了。

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.

16.9need“不必做”和“本不必做”

didn'tneedtodo表示過去不必做某事,事實上也沒做。

needn'thavedone表示過去不必做某事,但事實上做了。例如：

JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.

約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。

JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.

約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。（Mary步行回家了，沒有遇上John的車。）

典型例題

Therewasplentyoftime.She___.

A.mustn'thavehurriedB.couldn'thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried

答案D。needn'thavedone.意為“本不必”，即已經(jīng)做了某事，而時實際上不必要。

Mustn'thavedone用法不正確，對過去發(fā)生的事情進行否定性推斷應為couldn'thavedone,“不行能已經(jīng)”。mustnotdo不行以（用于一般現(xiàn)在時）。

16.10虛擬語氣練習

1.Everything______ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.

a.willbedestroyedb.willhavebeendestroyed

b.wouldbedestroyedd.wouldhavebeendestroyed

2.Ifyouhadn’tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,______.

a.youwouldmeetJohnalreadyb.youwon’thavemissedJohn

c.youwillhavemetJohnd.youwouldhavemetJohn

3.Supposingthisship______,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?

a.wassinkingb.hassunkc.weretosinkd.sunk

4.Theinsectswoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandheads,if______fortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.

a.itisnotb.itwerenotc.wereitnotd.theywerenot

5.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent______aplanforthevacation.

a.madeb.makec.makesd.willmake

6.Frankly,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

a.dob.don’tdoc.didn’tdod.willnotdo

7.Afterthewayshetreatedyou,ifI______inyourplace.

a.beb.amc.wasd.were

8.Theideaisthatthenation______anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.

a.sentb.sendsc.sendd.mustsend

9.It’shightimeyou______.

a.starttoworkb.wouldstarttoworkc.startedtoworkd.hadstartedtowork

10.“IfIhadn’tpracticedwhenIwasyounger,”themusiciansays,“I______abletoplaysowellnow.”

a.wouldn’tbeb.won’tbec.wouldn’thavebeend.couldn’thavebeen

11.Itisimperativethatyou______thereinperson.

a.areb.werec.bed.willbe

12.Theatomicstructureis,______,aminiaturesolarsystem.

a.asitwereb.asiftheywerec.asitwered.asifare

13.Werequiredthatthemachineparts______castiron.

a.ismadeofb.bemadefromc.bemadeofd.ismadeby

14.Themanagementurgedthatthecostofproduction______.

a.tobefurtherreducedb.wasfurtherreduced

b.befurtherreducedd.shouldfurtherreduced

15.Thebusinessisrisky.But______wewouldberich.

a.shouldwesucceedb.weshouldsucceedc.mightwesucceedd.wouldwesucceed

16.Iwishourteacher______togiveanothertest.Ihaven’tgotpreparedyet.

a.isn’tgoingb.weren’tgoingc.willnotgoingd.couldhavegone

17.IwishI______tothemovieswithyoulastnight.

a.wentb.didgoc.couldgod.couldhavegone

18.I’djustassoon______rudelytoher.

a.thatyouwon’tspeakb.yournotspeakingc.younotspeakd.youdidn’tspeak

19.IfI______inthetwenty-firstcentury,I______myvacationinaverydifferentway.

a.shouldlive…wouldspendb.willlive….shouldspend

c.areliving…shouldhavespentd.willbeliving…wouldhavespent

20.Itisrequiredthatthemachine______asfrequentlyasnecessary.

a.beoiledb.mustbeoiledc.isoiledd.willoil

21.HisEnglishteacherrecommendsthathe______aregulardegreeprogram.

a.beginsb.beginc.willbegind.isbeginning

22.Wepreferthattheplan______beforebeingputintoexecution.

a.isfullydiscussedb.mustbefullydiscussed

c.befullydiscussedd.willbefullydiscussed

23.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements______intheoldtypeofvacuumcleaner?

a.bemadeb.willbemadec.wouldbemaded.willhavetobemade

24.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatthepatient______abouthisrealphysicalcondition.

a.benottoldb.notbetoldc.willnotbetoldd.mustnotbetold

25.______,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.

a.Iftheydonothelpusb.Wasitnotfortheirhelp

c.Shouldtheyoffertohelpusd.Butfortheirhelp

26.Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,we______muchbetterresultsnow.

a.gotb.hadgotc.wouldbegettingd.wouldhavegot

27.Henry______arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorefrugalinthepast.

a.wouldbeb.isc.willbed.was

28.Theythoughtitdesirablethatanarmedguard______inreadiness.

a.standsb.standc.stoodd.wouldstand

29.Allsciencestudents,______,shouldhaveagoodfoundationinbasicsciences.

a.whethertheyarefuturephysicistsandchemists

b.theyarefuturephysicistsofchemists

c.theyshouldbefuturephysicistsofchemists

d.betheyfuturephysicistsorchemists

30.Sallycan’thavewrittentome,or______theletterbynow.

a.I’llgetb.I’llhavegotc.I’dhavegotd.I’dget

31.IshouldverymuchliketohavegonetothepartybutI______.

a.amnotinvitedb.wasnotinvitedc.shallnotbeinvitedd.amnotbeinginvited

32.ThereisageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention______totheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.

a.isgivenb.givesc.shouldbegivend.mustbegiven

33.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial______toitsburningtemperature.

a.beheatedb.isheatedc.wouldbeheatedd.toheat

34.“Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?”

“No.Ididn’tfeelwell,butIwouldhavegoneifI______.”

a.didb.havec.wouldd.had

35.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we______heratthebusstation.

a.mayhavemetb.mightmeetc.maymeetd.mighthavemet

36.We’resaferinatrainthanwewouldbeifwe______anyotherway.

d.havetraveled

37.HetoldmehowhehadgivenmeshelterandprotectionwithoutwhichI______ofhungerandcold.

a.wouldbediedb.wouldhavediedc.woulddied.willhavedied

38.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

a.Washeleavingb.Ifheisleavingc.Werehetoleaved.Ifheleaves

39.Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight______.

a.couldbenotsolvedb.couldnotbesolved

b.couldnothavebeensolvedd.couldnothavesolved

40.Heisapoorlylearntman.Butheactsasthoughhe______.

a.isb.werec.shouldbed.seemslike

41.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit______ontheway.

a.goeswrongb.gowrongc.wentwrongd.wouldgowrong

42.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.

a.Becauseofb.Inspiteofc.Incaseofd.Butfor

43.Theoldmanwenttoofficeonfoot,buthe______bybus.

a.mighthavegoneb.oughthavegonec.couldhavegoned.shouldbegone

44.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe______topasstheexam.

a.failsb.mayfailc.shouldfaild.wouldfail

45.Sheputonherglassesinorderthatshe_____.

a.canseeb.sawc.hadseend.mightsee

46.Whatever______we’llgoahead.

a.hadhappenedb.willhappenc.mighthappend.maybehappened

47.IfI______outofink,Imighthavefinishedwritingthepaper.

a.hadn’trunb.shouldn’trunc.didn’trund.haven’trun

48.Butforyouradvice,I______intotrouble.

a.wouldgetb.gotc.mighthavegotd.shouldget

49.______forthetrafficjam,Ishouldhavecoveredfiftymiles.

a.Haditbeenb.Haditnotbeenc.Ithadnotbeend.Itnothadbeen

50.Wereitnotfortheadoptionoftheopenpolicy,things______theyaretoday.

a.wouldneverbeb.couldhavebeenc.wouldneverhavebeend.didn’thave

51.IfonlyI______there.

a.havenotbeenb.wouldnotbeenc.willnotbed.hadnotbeen

52.Tomwouldbuythatbicyclebuthe______nomoney.

a.hadb.hasc.hadhadd.hashad

53.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.

a.wasb.werec.hadbeend.went

54.Itistimewe______upourresults.

a.sumb.summedc.willsumd.wouldsum

55.DrBethuneworkedhardasifhe______.

a.neverhadfelttiredb.hadneverfelttiredc.neverfelttiredd.wastirednever

56.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI______thebookfromwhichitwasmade.

a.havereadb.shouldhavereadc.amreadingd.hadread

57.Itisstrangethatsuchathing______inyourschool.

a.willhappenb.happensc.shouldhappend.happened

58.Ifshecouldsew,______.

a.shemakeadressb.shewouldhavemadeashirt

c.shewillmakeashirtd.shewouldhadmadeacoat

59.“DidyounoticeJohnwasnotatworktoday?”

“No.If______working,Iwouldhavenoticedit.”

a.I’dbeb.Iwasn’tc.I’dbeend.weren’t

60.“Whydon’tyouexplainittoher?”

“I______ittoherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.”

a.wouldexplainb.willexplainc.explaind.wouldhaveexplained

61.“Yourperformancewasverygood.”

“IcouldhavedonebetterifI______moretime.”

a.havehadb.hadc.hadhadd.willhavehad

62.“Shewouldn’tdrinkhermedicinelastnight,wouldshe?”

“______.”

a.No,butIwishshewouldn’tb.No,butIwishshehad

b.Yes,