2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)96

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個(gè)家庭選擇哪一個(gè)房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來(lái)源）來(lái)自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來(lái)，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。solveproblems意為“解決問(wèn)題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個(gè)地方，我們才能重獲價(jià)值和誠(chéng)信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案：to

2.問(wèn)答題

Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchof

A

reality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbe

measuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknownaboutthemodemscientistthanto

B

C

D

Thaleswhofirstspeculatedontheelectrificationofamber.

【答案】試題答案：C;to

【解析】考查介詞搭配。beknownto意為“為……所知”。

3.問(wèn)答題

Therehasbeeninverserelationshipbetweenhouseholdnetworthandthepersonalsavingrate,

A

consistentwiththepermanentincomehypothesis,underwhichhouseholdexpendituresrespond

B

principallytochangesinlong-termwealthratherthanshort-termfluctuationsinincome.

C

D

【答案】試題答案：D;of

【解析】考查介詞搭配。此處表示的是收入的短期波動(dòng)，屬于從屬關(guān)系，用介詞of。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普熱衷的貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，其主要武器是關(guān)稅，主要戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是從汽車(chē)到鋼鐵在內(nèi)的舊市場(chǎng)，然而中美之間最嚴(yán)重的貿(mào)易沖突是21世紀(jì)的技術(shù)之爭(zhēng)，這包括從人工智能到網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備在內(nèi)的方方面面，其基本戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是半導(dǎo)體。美國(guó)的行業(yè)領(lǐng)先和中國(guó)超級(jí)大國(guó)的雄心最直接的沖突就在芯片業(yè)。美國(guó)白宮的保護(hù)主義者想將半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)鏈轉(zhuǎn)移至美國(guó)，但中國(guó)的發(fā)展不會(huì)停止。正如硅谷的崛起依賴(lài)美國(guó)政府的支持，中國(guó)為實(shí)現(xiàn)其發(fā)展目標(biāo)，已將國(guó)家和企業(yè)資源整合。

【答案】ThetradedisputesPresidentDonaldTrumparekeentohavebeenold-fashioned.Tariffsaretheprincipalweapons.Old-economymarkets,fromcarstosteel,arethemainbattlefields.YetthetradeconflictthatmattersmostbetweenAmericaandChinaisa21st-centuryfightovertechnology.Itincludeseverythingfromartificialintelligence(AD)tonetworkequipment.Thefundamentalbattlegroundisinsemiconductors.ThechipindustryiswhereAmerica’sindustrialleadershipandChina’ssuperpowerambitionsclashmostdirectly.ProtectionistsintheWhiteHousewoulddoubtlessliketomovethesemiconductorsupplychaintoAmerica.ButChina’sprogresswillbehardtostop.JustasSiliconValley'srisedependedonWashington'ssupport,Chinahasintegratedstateandcorporateresourcestoachieveitsdevelopmentgoals.

5.問(wèn)答題

Ifambition(A)istobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,(B)controloverone’sdestiny—(C)mustbedeemedworthofthesacrifices(D)madeonambition’sbehalf.

【答案】C；改成mustbedeemedworthyof。worthyof…值得…的

6.問(wèn)答題

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

Insomequarters(A)qualitativeeasingisstillataintedterm,

associated(B)bothwithmercantilism,asaweaponinacurrencywar,or

(C)monetaryadventurism.Butthestigmaisfading.Indeedsomecentral

banksnowsaytheyaredoingQEevenwhen(D)theydon't.TheBankof

Korea,forexample,(E)hasresolvedtobuyunlimitedamountsofbondsfromfinancialinstitutionsthatpromiseto(F)repurchasethem

afterthreepurchases.FeweconomistswoulddescribethemasQE.Butfarfrom(H)resist

theterm,（）.(I)Everin

thefieldofcentralbankinghavesomanyworriedsolittleaboutbuyingso

much.

【答案】1.A，改成quantativeeasing。

2.B，改成eitherwith。

3.D，改成theyaren’t。

4.H，改成resisting。

5.I，改成Neverinthefieldof。

【解析】1.句意：在某些領(lǐng)域，QE仍是一個(gè)有污點(diǎn)的術(shù)語(yǔ)…。此段講的是“量化寬松(QE)”,其全程應(yīng)為quantativeeasing。

2.句意：要么與重商主義（作為貨幣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的武器）有聯(lián)系，要么與貨幣冒險(xiǎn)主義有聯(lián)系。根據(jù)后面的連詞or可知，B處應(yīng)該是“eitherwith”，“either…or…”表示“要么…要么…”。

3.句意：一些央行現(xiàn)在確實(shí)表示自己正在實(shí)施量化寬松政策，盡管他們并沒(méi)有這么做。這里用了省略，實(shí)際上應(yīng)該是“whentheyarenotdoingQE”。

4.句意：但韓國(guó)銀行并沒(méi)有抵制這一術(shù)語(yǔ)…。Farfrom在此表示“遠(yuǎn)飛，絕不，并沒(méi)有”，后面應(yīng)該接doingsth.。

5.句意：在中央銀行領(lǐng)域，從來(lái)沒(méi)有這么多人對(duì)購(gòu)買(mǎi)這么多債券如此不擔(dān)心。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示否定，所以應(yīng)該是否定詞never放句首，后面用了倒裝。

7.問(wèn)答題

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthegreatclasslesssociety.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareput(1)inevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprived(2)

allpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,

(3)

time,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbear

(4)

theclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveled

(5)

ifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,survivalofthefittest,and“mightisright”arestill

(6)

us.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”：

(7)

otherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethemagoodstartinlife.Forallthelipservicewepay

(8)

theideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantages

(9)

stateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldhealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkerthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboil

(10)

tothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriateprepositionoradverb(介詞或副詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

cliche(inparagraphI)

discredit(inparagraph1)

savagely(inparagraph1)

fallacy(inparagraph2)

dispense(inparagraph2)

rigidly(inparagraph2)

cunning(inparagraph3)

perpetuate(inparagraph3)

indiscriminately(inparagraph3)

dedicated(inparagraph4)

【答案】1.考查副詞搭配。由前面的arguments，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義可知爭(zhēng)論是被提出，putforward意為“提出”。

試題答案：forward

2.考查介詞搭配。bedeprivedof意為“被剝奪”，此句意為：存活下來(lái)的君主制已經(jīng)被剝奪了一切政治權(quán)利。

試題答案：of

3.考查介詞搭配。此處前句意為“繼承的財(cái)富因稅收而被強(qiáng)制減少”，后句意為“巨大的財(cái)富將全部消失”，intime意為“最終，遲早”。

試題答案：in

4.考查介詞搭配。此處表示examination（調(diào)查）與claim（聲稱(chēng)）之間的關(guān)系，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義，此句意為“密切調(diào)查不支持這種聲明”。bearout意為“證明，證實(shí)，支持”。

試題答案：out

5.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)后面的if從句，如果給每個(gè)人提供平等的教育機(jī)會(huì)，那么所有人都是平等的，社會(huì)也會(huì)達(dá)到平衡，這種假設(shè)是一種謬論。levelout意為“達(dá)到平衡”。

試題答案：out

6.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：叢林的舊法則，適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理仍然伴隨我們。with意為“和……在一起”。

試題答案：with

7.考查介詞搭配。inotheraspect意為“在其他方面”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。payto意為“為……付出代價(jià)”，此處表示我們?yōu)槠降扔^念所付出的口頭功夫。

試題答案：to

9.考查介詞搭配。此處表示私立學(xué)校比公立學(xué)校能夠提供不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)，over意為“超過(guò)，越過(guò)”

試題答案：over

10.考查介詞搭配。此句表示所有的政治意識(shí)形態(tài)都?xì)w于同一件事情。boildownto意為“歸結(jié)為……”。

試題答案：down

1.試題答案：陳詞濫調(diào)

2.試題答案：?jiǎn)适抛u(yù)

3.試題答案：野蠻地，殘忍地

4.試題答案：謬論，謬見(jiàn)

5.試題答案：分配

6.試題答案：嚴(yán)格地

7.試題答案：狡猾的

8.試題答案：持續(xù)

9.試題答案：不加選擇地，隨意地

10.試題答案：專(zhuān)注的，投入的

8.問(wèn)答題

Thementakingpart,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabout

theirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.Thisillusioniscreatedby

A

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedall

B

C

attemptstomakeitchangetheirstyleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.

D

【答案】試題答案：D;them

【解析】考查代詞。由“thegreatmajorityofmen”可知此處對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

不列顛的超市業(yè)主們很少如此心懷忐忑地期待著圣誕節(jié)的銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)。在2014年，大部分超市，特別是樂(lè)購(gòu)(TESCO)這個(gè)市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)頭羊，過(guò)得很艱難。超低折扣商鋪，持續(xù)挖它們的墻角，侵吞他們的市場(chǎng)份額，而下降的食物價(jià)格也使得超市的利潤(rùn)率降低。臨近圣誕節(jié)和新年的幾周通常是超市的旺盛銷(xiāo)售時(shí)期，它們?cè)诖似陂g能否喘一口氣？

涂鴉畫(huà)可能最終會(huì)消失。但是直至現(xiàn)在，這種愛(ài)好仍然受到人們的尊敬。一位涂鴉畫(huà)家說(shuō)，他有很多朋友曾經(jīng)癡迷于在火車(chē)車(chē)皮廂上作畫(huà)。現(xiàn)在有了妻兒，他們只有周末去廢棄的倉(cāng)庫(kù)墻上大展身手。這己經(jīng)成了周日下午的慣例——一種比坐在電視機(jī)前看足球略微健康的消遣。

【答案】RarelyhavetheChristmasresultsforBritain'ssupermarketsbeenawaitedwithsuchtrepidation.Mostofthem,especiallythemarketleader,TESCO,struggledin2014.Thehard-discountstorescontinuedtoundercutthem,gobblingupmarketshare,whilefallingfoodpricesateintotheirprofits.WouldtheseveralweeksleadinguptoChristmasandNewYear'sDay,generallythestrongestsalesperiod,bringthemsomerelief?

Graffitimayeventuallydisappear.Butuntilnowthishobbyisstillrespectedbypeople.Onegraffitiartistsaysthathehasalotoffriendswhowereonceobsessedwithpaintingonthesurfaceoftraincompartment.Nowwithwivesandchildren,theyonlyhavetimeattheweekendtopaintonthewallsofabandonedwarehouses.IthasbecomesomethingtodoonaSundayafternoon—aslightlyhealthieralternativetosittingwatchingthefootball.

10.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestlingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower:norisPicasso’spainting“Guernica”primarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT（）.

5.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimitswith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinamusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleoforganizationwasintroduced

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

C.Is.Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“coherentlyrelatesdiversephenomena”定位到文章第一段“…h(huán)ighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization…Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”可知高度創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)超越了現(xiàn)有形式的限制，建立了新的組織原則。創(chuàng)新的科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了新的理論，在這個(gè)理論中，使不同的現(xiàn)象以更加連貫清晰的方式聯(lián)系在一起?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為這種將不同的現(xiàn)象更加連貫地聯(lián)系起來(lái)的新理論是高度創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Beethoven’smusic”定位到文章第二段“IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.”可知據(jù)說(shuō)貝多芬推翻了規(guī)則，把音樂(lè)從沉悶的傳統(tǒng)形式中解放出來(lái)。但是仔細(xì)研究貝多芬的音樂(lè)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他的音樂(lè)并沒(méi)有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反，他是一位無(wú)與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他從海頓、莫扎特、亨德?tīng)柡桶秃盏惹拜吥抢锢^承了一些規(guī)則、形式和慣例，并以驚人的獨(dú)特的方式加以利用?？膳袛喑鲎髡咛岬截惗喾业囊魳?lè)具有驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性是因?yàn)樨惗喾乙砸环N高度創(chuàng)新的方式操縱著音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作的既定的規(guī)則。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到文章第二段“…whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.”可知一部作品是否在音樂(lè)史上確立了新的原則，與它的美學(xué)價(jià)值并沒(méi)有多大的關(guān)聯(lián)。因?yàn)樗w現(xiàn)了一種新的組織原則。有些音樂(lè)作品，如佛羅倫薩的歌劇，具有顯著的歷史重要性，但是很少有聽(tīng)眾或音樂(lè)學(xué)家會(huì)把這些作品列入偉大的音樂(lè)作品之列。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為弗羅倫薩的歌劇雖然在音樂(lè)史上很重要，帶來(lái)了巨大的影響，但是并沒(méi)有認(rèn)為具有很高的審美價(jià)值。故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary…”，可知杰出的創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)具有革命性的特征，可回答選項(xiàng)A的問(wèn)題，故選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段“Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.”可知他是一位無(wú)與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他從海頓、莫扎特、亨德?tīng)柡桶秃盏惹拜吥抢锢^承了一些規(guī)則、形式和慣例，并以驚人的獨(dú)特的方式加以利用?？苫卮疬x項(xiàng)B的問(wèn)題，故選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段“Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthegreatworksofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.”可知莫扎特的《費(fèi)加羅的婚姻》無(wú)疑是偉大的音樂(lè)作品之一，盡管它僅僅體現(xiàn)出對(duì)現(xiàn)有方式和規(guī)則的擴(kuò)展創(chuàng)新?？苫卮疬x項(xiàng)C的問(wèn)題，故選項(xiàng)C可排除。文章第二段中，除了提到Monteverdi的音樂(lè)作品體現(xiàn)了新的創(chuàng)作原則并且具有很好的審美價(jià)值，并未提及其它的音樂(lè)家。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“allhighlycreativeartisticactivitiestranscendlimits”定位到文章第一段最后兩句“Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.”可知具有高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的并不是一種超越既定規(guī)則的新的概括，而是一種美學(xué)上的特殊產(chǎn)物。極具創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)造的美學(xué)細(xì)節(jié)，以一種創(chuàng)新的方式，擴(kuò)展或利用了一種現(xiàn)有的形式規(guī)則，而不是超越那種形式?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔?duì)于所有具有高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)都超越了現(xiàn)有的形式和規(guī)則的觀點(diǎn)是持有懷疑態(tài)度的。故選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.填空題

Thepolicehadmovedquicklytoblockoffthearea.NowJimstoodacrossthestreetwiththeotherstudents,watchinginstunneddisbeliefasthefiredepartmentfoughtto(1)____controlofthefire.Butitlookedhopeless.Theeastendofthebuildingexplodedintoflames.Thenoisewassoloud(2)____evenJim,ashefiddledabsently(3)____thevolumecontroltohishearingaid,couldhearafaintroar.AcrossthestreetontheschoolgroundsMr.Maclntire,theprincipal,wasshoutingtothefirechief.Jimreadhislips,(4)____someofwhathesaidbecauseofthedistancebutgetting(5)____thanenoughtounderstand,“...eightstudentsandateacher...inabasementroom...trapped!”Thefirechiefshookhishead.Threetimes-alreadyfirefightershadtriedtoenterthebuilding,onlytobe(6)____backbytheheatandsmoke,andnowtherewasnohopeatall.Jimsawitinthechief’sface.Hisfriendsandtheteacherherespectedmorethanany(7)____wereasgoodasdead.Theyhadlittle(8)___tosurvivethesmoke,nottomentiontheheat.ItwasJim’sclassinthebasement,andheshouldhavebeenintherehimself.ButhehasstoppedinthehallupstairstotalktoMr.MaclntireaboutthePhonicEar.Itwasasmallradioreceiverpluggedintohishearingaid(9)___signalsfromatransmitterwornbyhisteachers.Bornwitha(10)____impairment,Jimhadhadproblemsinhisclasses.Hewasagoodlipreader,butlipreadingdidnotalways(11)____.Teacherssometimes,withoutthinking,(12)__theirfacesawaywhentalking.Makinggoodgradeshadbeenhardforhim(13)____hebegantousethePhonicEar.Nowheheardeverythinghisteachersaid,andhisgradeshadshot(14)_____.Thatwasonereasonhehadbeenplacedintheadvancedphysicsclass,theonlycoursestill(15)____inanyofthebasementfloorclassroomsoftheoldschool,(16)____wasundergoingrenovation.Anewwingwastobeaddedtothebackoftheschool.Heavyequipmenthadbeendiggingthenewfoundationsandhadbrokenagaslineleadingintothebasement.(17)____hewaslatetoclass,JimhadjustturnedawayfromMr.Maclntire(18)____theschoolbuildingwasrockedbyan(19)____.Smokerosefromthebasementstairwellandwasfollowedbyfire.Everyoneontheuppertwofloorshadgottenout.Buttherehadbeennoescapeforthose(20)____.

【答案】1.gain

2.that

3.with

4.missing

5.more

6.held

7.one

8.chance

9.toreceive

10.hearing

11.help

12.turn

13.so

14.up

15.taught

16.which

17.Because

18.when

19.alarm

20.below

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。gainthecontrolof控制…

2.考查固定搭配。so…that…如此…以致…

3.考查固定搭配。fiddlewith擺弄

4.聯(lián)系上下文可知由于距離比較遠(yuǎn)，Jim不能夠聽(tīng)清楚Maclntire所說(shuō)的話，故填missing.

5.考查固定搭配。gettingmorethanenoughtounderstand…得到了足夠多的能理解的信息。

6.考查固定搭配。holdback阻止，聯(lián)系上下文可知，消防主管在搖頭，消防員已經(jīng)三次嘗試進(jìn)入這棟樓，但他們都被濃煙和熱度所阻擋了，現(xiàn)在完全沒(méi)希望了。

7.anyone任何的。句意：他的朋友和他最尊敬的老師處于非常危險(xiǎn)的境地。

8.根據(jù)句意可知此處指老師和學(xué)生有很小的從濃煙中生還的機(jī)會(huì)。

9.此處表示目的，句意：生耳是一個(gè)插在助音器上面的小小收音機(jī)，它從老師戴著的發(fā)射器那里接收信號(hào)。

10.由上文可知Jim有天生的聽(tīng)力缺陷。

11.由下文可知老師在上課時(shí)經(jīng)常把臉轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去，所以可推測(cè)能讀懂唇語(yǔ)也不一定總是有幫助。

12.turnaway轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉

1..由上文可知Jim由于聽(tīng)力缺陷，很難有好成績(jī)，所以開(kāi)始使用生耳。

14.shotup直線上升

15.高級(jí)物理課程是舊學(xué)校地下室教室里仍然被教的課程。course與teach之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。

16.本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，故用which，指代“theoldschool”。

17.由上文可知Jim去找Maclntire關(guān)于生耳的問(wèn)題，所以可推知他上課遲到了。

18.此處表示當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)樓傳來(lái)的警報(bào)的時(shí)候，他正好剛剛從Maclntire那里轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉來(lái)。

19.句意：這棟教學(xué)樓被警報(bào)聲所包圍。

20.由上文提到的upper可知此空應(yīng)填below。句意：在上面兩層的所有人都出來(lái)了，但是對(duì)于在兩層以下的人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有逃生的機(jī)會(huì)。

12.問(wèn)答題

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwent

A

formorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographic

B

patterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahigherrateandata

C

youngeragethantheirEuropeancounterparts.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;wenton

【解析】考查固定搭配。goon意為“持續(xù)”，此處為過(guò)去式。

13.問(wèn)答題

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】試題答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解為），understanding意為“理解的”。

14.問(wèn)答題

ThequestionIamaskedmostoftennowadaysisthis:arewebackto2008andanotherglobal

A

financialcrisisandrecession?Myanswerisastraightforwardno,butthattherecentepisodeof

B

C

globalfinancialmarketturmoilisliketobemoreseriousthananyperiodofvolatilityandrisk-off

D

behaviorsince2009.

【答案】試題答案：D;likely

【解析】考查固定搭配。belikelyto意為“可能”。

15.單選題

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生）atColoradoStateUniversity,firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege.“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.MylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshowwhatIknewtotheteacher.”Anotherstudentinbiologyhadsimilarexperiences.Hesaid,“Myfirstchemistrytestwasverydifficult.Then,onthesecondtest,Isatdowntotakeit,andIwassonervousthatIwasshaking.Myhandsweremovingupanddownsoquicklythatitwashardtoholdmypencil.IknewthematerialandIknewtheanswers.YetIcouldn’tevenwritethemdown!”

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisuneasyaboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheextremetensionandnervousness.Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits,sometimestextanxietycausesthelowgrades.Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.

Specialuniversityadvisingcoursestrytohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorstrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemhowtomanagetestanxi