考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)珠江學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)珠江學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifyougointoagoodlibrary,youwillfindthousandsofbooksonglobalization.Somewilllaudit.Somewillwarnaboutitsdangers.Butthey’llagreethatglobalizationisthechiefprocessdrivingourage.Ourlivesarebeingtransformedbytheincreasingmovementofgoods,peopleandcapitalacrossborders.

Theglobalizationparadigmhasled,inthepoliticalarena,toacertainhistoricalnarrative:therewereoncenation-statesliketheU.S.andtheEuropeanpowers,whoseeconomiescouldbesecuredwithinborders.Butnowcapitalflowsfreely.Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.Competitionisglobalandfierce.

NewdynamoslikeIndiaandChinathreatenAmericanDominancethankstotheircheaplaborandmanipulatedcurrencies.Now,everythingismadeabroad.Americanmanufacturingisindecline.Therestoftheeconomyisthreatened.

HillaryClintonsummarizedthenarrativethisweek:“Theycameforthesteelcompaniesandnobodysaidanything.Theycamefortheautocompaniesandnobodysaidanything.Theycamefortheofficecompanies,peoplewhodidwhite-collarjobs,andnoonesaidanything.Andtheycamefortheprofessionaljobsthatcouldbeoutsourced,andnobodysaidanything.”

Theglobalizationparadigmhasturnedouttobeveryconvenientforpoliticians.Itallowsthemtoblameforeignersforeconomicwoes.Itallowsthemtotreateconomicandsocialchangeasagreatmercantilist’scompetition,withvariousteamscompetingforglobalsupremacy,andwithpoliticiansstarringasthecommandinggenerals.

Butthere’saproblemwiththewaytheglobalizationparadigmhasevolved.Itdoesn’treallyexplainmostofwhatishappeningintheworld.

Globalizationisrealandimportant.It’sjustnotthecentralforcedrivingeconomicchange.SomeAmericanshaveseentheirjobshippedoverseas,butglobalcompetitionhasaccountedforasmallshareofjobcreationanddestructionoverthepastfewdecades.Capitaldoesindeedflowaroundtheworld.ButasPankajGhemawatoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolhasobserved,90percentoffixedinvestmentaroundtheworldisdomestic.Companiesopenplantsoverseas,butthat’smainlysotheirproductionfacilitiescanbeclosetolocalmarkets.

Noristheglobalizationparadigmevenaccuratewhenappliedtomanufacturing.InsteadoffleeingtoAsia,U.S.manufacturingoutputisupoverrecentdecades.AsThomasDuesterbergofManufacturersAlliance/MAPI,aresearchfirm,haspointedout,theU.S’sshareofglobalmanufacturingoutputhasactuallyincreasedslightlysince1980.

Thechiefforcereshapingmanufacturingistechnologicalchange(hastenedbycompetitionwithothercompaniesinCanada,Germanyordownthestreet).Thankstoinnovation,manufacturingproductivityhaddoubledovertwodecades.Employersnowrequirefewerbutmorehighlyskilledworkers.TechnologicalchangeaffectsChinajustasitdoestheAmerica.WilliamOverholtoftheRANDCorporationhasnotedthatbetween1994and2004theChineseshed25millionmanufacturingjobs,10timesmorethantheU.S.

Thecentralprocessdrivingthisisnotglobalization.It’stheskillsrevolution.We’removingintoamoredemandingcognitiveage.Inordertosurvive,peoplearecompelledtobecomebetteratabsorbing,processingandcombinginformation.Thisishappeninginlocalizedandglobalizedsectors,anditwouldbehappeningevenifyoutoreupeveryfreetradedealeverinked.

Theglobalizationparadigmemphasizesthefactthatinformationcannowtravel15,000milesinaninstant.Butthemostimportantpartofinformation’sjourneyisthelastfewinches—thespacebetweenaperson’seyesorearsandthevariousregionsofthebrain.Doestheindividualhavethecapacitytounderstandtheinformation?Doesheorshehavethetrainingtoexploitit?Arethereculturalassumptionsthatdistortthewayitisperceived?

Theglobalizationparadigmleadspeopletoseeeconomicdevelopmentasaformofforeignpolicy,asagrandcompetitionbetweennationsandcivilizations.Theseabstractions,called“theChinese”or“theIndians”,aredoingthisorthat.Butthecognitiveageparadigmemphasizespsychology,cultureandpedagogy—thespecificprocessesthatfosterlearning.Itemphasizesthatdifferentsocietiesarebeingstressedinsimilarwaysbyincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.Ifyouunderstandthatyouarelivingatthebeginningofacognitiveage,you’refocusingontherealsourceofprosperityandunderstandthatyouranxietyisnotbeingcausedbyaforeigner.

It’snotthatglobalizationandtheskillsrevolutionarecontradictoryprocesses.Butwhichparadigmyouembracedetermineswhichfactsandremediesyouemphasize.Politicians,especiallyDemocraticones,havefalleninlovewiththeglobalizationparadigm.It’stimetomovebeyondit.

1.Themeaningoftheword“l(fā)aud”inparagraph1canbestexplainedby____.

2.Inparagraph2,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”means____.

3.Accordingtothewriter,____isthecentralforcetobeprosperous.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

5.Amongthestatementsaboutglobalizationandcognitiveage,whichoneisTRUE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laughat

B.praise

C.objectto

D.agreewith

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.playingfieldsarerankedaccordingtotechnologicallevels

B.technologyisacontributivefactortoplayer’ssuccess

C.technologyisadecisiveelementinglobalcompetition

D.technologyisdestroyingplayingground

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.information

B.globalization

C.economicchange

D.skillsrevolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicanxietywillbealleviatedbyrewritingtradedeals.

B.TheshareofU.S.inglobalmanufacturingoutputhasbeenonarisesince1980.

C.Developingcountries,aswellasdevelopedcountries,areaffectedbytechnologicalchange.

D.Companiescanhavecloseaccesstolocalmarketsthroughopeningfactoriesoverseas.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Globalizationandcognitiveageparadigmsarecontrarytoeachother.

B.Cognitiveageparadigmattachesstresstothetravellingofinformation.

C.Globalizationisaformofforeignpolicythatblamesforeignersforbringingeconomicanxiety.

D.Cognitiveageparadigmemphasizestheimportanceandincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Themeaningoftheword“l(fā)aud”inparagraph1canbestexplainedby____.第一段中“l(fā)aud”一詞的含義可以用____來(lái)解釋。

A.laughatA.嘲笑

B.praiseB.贊美

C.objecttoC.反對(duì)

D.agreewithD.同意

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞paragraph1和laud定位到原文第一段第二句，該句提到“有些人會(huì)____它。”該句前文提到“如果你走進(jìn)一個(gè)好的圖書館，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成千上萬(wàn)的關(guān)于全球化的書（booksonglobalization）”，后文提到“一些人會(huì)警告它的危險(xiǎn)（warnaboutitsdangers）。但他們會(huì)同意（agree）全球化是推動(dòng)我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的主要進(jìn)程。”由此可知，“它”指的是前文出現(xiàn)的“全球化”，“l(fā)aud”是一些人對(duì)全球化的態(tài)度，并且與后文“警告它的危險(xiǎn)”形成對(duì)比，并且，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他們是同意“全球化推動(dòng)時(shí)代進(jìn)程的作用”這一觀點(diǎn)的，因此，B選項(xiàng)“贊美”最符合原文。原詞laud“贊美”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“嘲笑”、C選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“同意”，不符合原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inparagraph2,“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”means____.第2段中，“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield.”這句話的含義是____。

A.playingfieldsarerankedaccordingtotechnologicallevelsA.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境是根據(jù)技術(shù)水平排名的

B.technologyisacontributivefactortoplayer’ssuccessB.技術(shù)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者成功的一個(gè)重要因素

C.technologyisadecisiveelementinglobalcompetitionC.技術(shù)是全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的決定性因素

D.technologyisdestroyingplayinggroundD.技術(shù)正在破壞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞paragraph2定位到原文第二段。“Technologyhasleveledtheplayingfield”是本段倒數(shù)第二句話。前文提到“曾經(jīng)像美國(guó)、歐洲國(guó)家這樣的大國(guó)，它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)可以在本國(guó)邊界內(nèi)得到保障”，后文提到“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是全球性的和激烈的”，引用部分的語(yǔ)義為“但是現(xiàn)在資本自由流動(dòng)，Technology(技術(shù))hasleveledtheplayingfield(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境)”。由此可知，以前的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)只是在本國(guó)，美國(guó)和歐洲大國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可以得到保障；“資本自由流動(dòng)”產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是全球性的”，“Technology(技術(shù))hasleveledtheplayingfield(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境)”表達(dá)的“技術(shù)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境造成的影響”產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是激烈的”。Level的意思是“使平等”，這句話表達(dá)，技術(shù)使所有的國(guó)家，無(wú)論大小，都可以平等地參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，正因?yàn)槿绱?，全球?jìng)爭(zhēng)更激烈了。因此，B選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者成功的一個(gè)重要因素”符合原文，該選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了技術(shù)的重要性。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境是根據(jù)技術(shù)水平排名的”，本段并沒(méi)有講競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的排名，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)是全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的決定性因素”，該選項(xiàng)雖然也體現(xiàn)了技術(shù)的重要性，但是“決定性因素”的表述太具體，原文并沒(méi)有相關(guān)表述，如果用“重要因素”會(huì)更好，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)正在破壞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境”，所有國(guó)家都能平等地參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境應(yīng)該是變好了，而不是破壞競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothewriter,____isthecentralforcetobeprosperous.作者認(rèn)為，____是實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮的核心力量。

A.informationA.信息

B.globalizationB.全球化

C.economicchangeC.經(jīng)濟(jì)變革

D.skillsrevolutionD.技能革命

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thecentralforcetobeprosperous定位到原文第十二段最后一句，該句提到“如果你明白你正生活在一個(gè)認(rèn)知時(shí)代（acognitiveage）的開端，你就會(huì)專注于繁榮的真正來(lái)源（therealsourceofprosperity）”原文第十段前四句提到“推動(dòng)這一進(jìn)程的核心（Thecentralprocessdrivingthis）不是全球化。這就是技能革命（skillsrevolution）。我們正進(jìn)入一個(gè)要求更高的認(rèn)知時(shí)代（amoredemandingcognitiveage）。為了生存，人們不得不變得更善于吸收、處理和梳理信息?！钡诰哦蔚谝痪湟蔡岬健爸厮苤圃鞓I(yè)的主要力量是技術(shù)變革（technologicalchange）”。因此，D選項(xiàng)“技能革命”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“信息”，可定位到原文第十段“為了生存，人們不得不變得更善于吸收、處理和梳理信息”，但是本段主要是在強(qiáng)調(diào)“技術(shù)革命”的重要性，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“全球化”，原文第七段前兩句提到“全球化（Globalization）是真實(shí)而重要的。這并不是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革的核心力量（notthecentralforcedrivingeconomicchange）”，由此可知，全球化不是最重要的，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)變革”，可定位到原文第七段第二句，該句提到“這（全球化）并不是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革（economicchange）的核心力量”，原文只在此處提到了“經(jīng)濟(jì)變革”，但不是原句的重點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?下列哪一項(xiàng)是不正確的？

A.Theeconomicanxietywillbealleviatedbyrewritingtradedeals.A.通過(guò)修改貿(mào)易協(xié)議，經(jīng)濟(jì)焦慮將得到緩解。

B.TheshareofU.S.inglobalmanufacturingoutputhasbeenonarisesince1980.B.自1980年以來(lái)，美國(guó)在全球制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出中所占的份額一直在上升。

C.Developingcountries,aswellasdevelopedcountries,areaffectedbytechnologicalchange.C.發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都受到技術(shù)變革的影響。

D.Companiescanhavecloseaccesstolocalmarketsthroughopeningfactoriesoverseas.D.企業(yè)通過(guò)在海外開設(shè)工廠可以離當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)更近。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞NOTTRUE可知，本題要求選擇的是表述不符合原文的一項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)修改貿(mào)易協(xié)議，經(jīng)濟(jì)焦慮將得到緩解”，可定位到原文第十段最后一句，該句提到“這（技能革命）正在本地化和全球化領(lǐng)域發(fā)生，即使你撕毀了所有簽署的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議（evenifyoutoreupeveryfreetradedeal），這也會(huì)發(fā)生（itwouldbehappening）?！庇纱丝芍?，“修改貿(mào)易協(xié)議”于事無(wú)補(bǔ)，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“自1980年以來(lái)，美國(guó)在全球制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出中所占的份額一直在上升”，可定位到原文第八段最后一句，該句提到“正如……所指出的，自1980年以來(lái)，美國(guó)在全球制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出中所占的份額實(shí)際上略有上升（actuallyincreasedslightly）。”由此可知，該選項(xiàng)表述正確，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都受到技術(shù)變革的影響”，可定位到原文第九段倒數(shù)第二句，該句提到“技術(shù)變革（Technologicalchange）對(duì)中國(guó)（China）的影響不亞于對(duì)美國(guó)（America）的影響?！敝袊?guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家，美國(guó)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，由此可知，技術(shù)變革對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都有影響，該選項(xiàng)表述正確，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)通過(guò)在海外開設(shè)工廠可以離當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)更近”，可定位到原文第七段最后一句，該句提到“公司在海外開設(shè)工廠，但這主要是為了它們的生產(chǎn)設(shè)施可以接近當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)（beclosetolocalmarkets）?！庇纱丝芍?，該選項(xiàng)表述正確，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Amongthestatementsaboutglobalizationandcognitiveage,whichoneisTRUE?在關(guān)于全球化和認(rèn)知時(shí)代的說(shuō)法中，哪一個(gè)是正確的？

A.Globalizationandcognitiveageparadigmsarecontrarytoeachother.A.全球化模式和認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式是相互矛盾的。

B.Cognitiveageparadigmattachesstresstothetravellingofinformation.B.認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的傳播。

C.Globalizationisaformofforeignpolicythatblamesforeignersforbringingeconomicanxiety.C.全球化是一種指責(zé)外國(guó)人帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)焦慮的外交政策。

D.Cognitiveageparadigmemphasizestheimportanceandincreaseddemandsonhumancapital.D.認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式強(qiáng)調(diào)人力資本的重要性、強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)人力資本不斷增加的需求。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞globalizationandcognitiveage和TRUE可知，本題要求選擇關(guān)于“全球化”和“認(rèn)知時(shí)代”的正確表述。D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式強(qiáng)調(diào)人力資本的重要性、強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)人力資本不斷增加的需求”，可定位到原文第十二段倒數(shù)第二、三句，該句提到“但認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式強(qiáng)調(diào)（thecognitiveageparadigmemphasizes）心理學(xué)、文化和教育學(xué)——促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)的具體過(guò)程。它強(qiáng)調(diào)，不同的社會(huì)正以相似的方式受到對(duì)人力資本需求增加的壓力（increaseddemandsonhumancapital）。”由此可知，“強(qiáng)調(diào)促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)的具體過(guò)程”體現(xiàn)了對(duì)人力資本本身的強(qiáng)調(diào)，而后者體現(xiàn)了對(duì)人力資本需求增加的強(qiáng)調(diào)。綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“全球化模式和認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式是相互矛盾的”，可定位到原文最后一段第一句，該句提到“并不是說(shuō)全球化（globalization）和技能革命（theskillsrevolution）是相互矛盾的過(guò)程?！庇纱丝芍?，全球化和技能革命不是相互矛盾的；原文第十段第二、三句提到“這就是技能革命（skillsrevolution）。我們正進(jìn)入一個(gè)要求更高的認(rèn)知時(shí)代（amoredemandingcognitiveage）”，由此可知，認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式是技能革命帶來(lái)的，那么全球化模式和認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式應(yīng)該也不是相互矛盾的。因此，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的傳播”，可定位到原文第十一段第一句，該句提到“全球化模式強(qiáng)調(diào)（Theglobalizationparadigm）了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：信息現(xiàn)在可以在瞬間傳播1.5萬(wàn)英里”，由此可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)信息傳遞的是“全球化模式”，而不是“認(rèn)知時(shí)代模式”，該選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，表述錯(cuò)誤，不符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“全球化是一種指責(zé)外國(guó)人帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)焦慮的外交政策”，可定位到原文第十二段第一句，該句提到“全球化模式（Theglobalizationparadigm）使人們將經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展（seeeconomicdevelopment）視為外交政策的一種形式（asaformofforeignpolicy），視為國(guó)家和文明之間的一場(chǎng)激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。”，由此可知，原文只是說(shuō)人們把全球化“看成”一種外交政策的形式，并不是說(shuō)它真的是一種外交政策，該選項(xiàng)偷換概念，表述錯(cuò)誤，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

誰(shuí)能否認(rèn)海的偉大呢？我愛海，并不僅僅因?yàn)樗念伾利悾筒卦诤５啄窃S多有趣的玩意兒，而是愛她的胸襟廣闊，化污穢為清潔。她容納無(wú)數(shù)的細(xì)流，盡管她們的顏色有黑的也有黃的，一旦流到了海的懷抱，便立刻變成碧綠的了。碧綠是代表和平，代表一種靜美。一個(gè)人，哪怕他的脾氣有如虎狼那么兇暴，我相信如果常住在海濱，一定會(huì)變得和羔羊一般馴良；同時(shí)，那些心懷狹隘的人，如果常與海做朋友，我相信他也會(huì)改變成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我對(duì)于海，好像著了魔似的一天比一天迷戀起來(lái)，我愛它，甚至一天也不能離開它。有時(shí)清早起來(lái)便奔向海濱，迎著血紅的太陽(yáng)由海邊升起；有時(shí)特地在陽(yáng)光將要落山的吋候，去領(lǐng)略海灘的黃昏滋味。我更愛看菇立在海中央的燈塔，我佩服那守?zé)羲娜?，他每天機(jī)械地守住自己的崗位，給與往來(lái)的航行者一種光明的指示；假若沒(méi)有他，這海而將被黑暗所包圍，來(lái)往的船只，隨吋都有觸著暗礁的危險(xiǎn)。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

3.案例題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不斷積累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

A.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth.

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】1.A

2.D

3.B

4.B

5.D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，只有兩個(gè)國(guó)家不提供帶薪照顧新生兒的假期保障。去年澳大利亞也建立了帶薪探親假，而在美國(guó)卻還是沒(méi)有這項(xiàng)政策。所以根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.

根據(jù)第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”選項(xiàng)B與原文描述相符。

4.

根據(jù)第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”選項(xiàng)B與原文描述相符，正確。

5.

根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”將養(yǎng)育子女歸為一種個(gè)人選擇，沒(méi)有集體責(zé)任，這不僅僅是忽視良好養(yǎng)育的社會(huì)效益，實(shí)際上是在竊取這些福利。選項(xiàng)D這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)社會(huì)事業(yè)符合原文。

4.單選題

Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater（

）withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera（

）lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rises...deluge

B.diminishes...drought

C.increases...shower

D.decreases...rainstorm

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和名詞詞義辨析。rise“提升，增加”；deluge“洪水，暴雨”；diminish“使減少，使變小”；drought“干旱，缺乏”；increase“增加，增長(zhǎng)”；shower“淋浴，陣雨”；decrease“減少，減小”；rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨，大暴雨”。句意：土壤吸收水分的速度隨著濕度加大而降低，所以暴雨持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，降水率越大，地面徑流和匯入河流的水就越多。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.

1.Instatingthat“successfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNobelPrize-winningacademics”,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Whichoneofthefollowingcasesisleastlikelytoinvolvesexdiscrimination,asitisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthebestcompletionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsexdiscriminationasanexplanationforwagedifferentialscanbestbecharacterizedas（

）.

5.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Demonstratethateducationhaslittletodowithmakingmoney

B.Suggestthatpeoplewithtalentandabilityshouldnotenterlow-payingoccupations

C.Showthathighlypaidoccupationsgenerallyrequirelonghoursandextensivetraining

D.Giveanexampleofhowcertainoccupationsarebetterpaidthanothersregardlessofinherentworthortalentrequired

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anemployerhiresamanratherthananequallyqualifiedwoman.

B.Awomanchoosestoenterahigh-payingoccupationthatuseshertalentandability.

C.Awomanchoosesanoccupationthatisalreadydominatedbywomen.

D.Awomanchoosesalow-payingjobthatallowshertodevotemoretimetoherfamily.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wagedifferentialswillbecomemoreexaggeratedandeconomicparitybetweenmenandwomenlessandlesspossible.

B.Unlesssocietychangesitsviews,womenmayneverescapetheconfinesofthefewoccupationsdesignated“ForWomenOnly”.

C.Thequestionis:howlongwillwomenallowthemselvestobeexcludedfrommale-dominatedoccupations?

D.Inthelastanalysis,womenmayneedtoaskthemselvesiftheycanreallyaffordtoallowsexdiscriminationtocontinue.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.skepticalthatdiscriminationisafactor

B.criticalofsociety’sacceptanceofdiscrimination

C.convincedthattheproblemwillgetworse

D.neutralwithrespecttoitsvalidity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WageDifferentialsBetweenMenandWomen

B.WomeninLow-PayingOccupations:DoTheyHaveaChoice?

C.Homevs.Office:HowDoestheModemWomenChoose?

D.TheRoleofSocialPrejudiceinWomen’sCareers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題?！癐nfact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.事實(shí)上，職業(yè)之間的工資差距是常態(tài)，而不是例外”與D項(xiàng)“舉例說(shuō)明某些職業(yè)的薪水如何比其他職業(yè)高，而不考慮其內(nèi)在價(jià)值或所需的才能?！毕喾?/p>

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段開頭“employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.歧視女性的雇主可能會(huì)拒絕為薪酬相對(duì)較高的女性安排工作”以及“Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根據(jù)這一解釋，婦女選擇減少對(duì)發(fā)展其職業(yè)潛力的投資，減少在家庭以外的努力，就必須付出工資較低的代價(jià)。但是婦女不能被認(rèn)為是歧視的受害者，因?yàn)樗齻兏矚g低收入的職業(yè)而不是高收入的職業(yè)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“女人選擇一份薪水低的工作，這樣她就能有更多的時(shí)間來(lái)陪伴家人?！笔亲栽傅男袨椤?/p>

3.推理判斷題?！癷fsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.如果這種歧視真的發(fā)生了，那么女性之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)擴(kuò)大，這樣以女性為主的公司就會(huì)有工資方面的問(wèn)題?！庇扇目芍詣e差異導(dǎo)致工資差異不斷擴(kuò)大，女性和男女經(jīng)濟(jì)平等是越來(lái)越不可能的事情。A項(xiàng)“工資差距將變得越來(lái)越大，男女經(jīng)濟(jì)平等的可能性越來(lái)越小?！狈项}意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，都是不同的人對(duì)性別差異這個(gè)問(wèn)題在進(jìn)行探討“somepeopleargue”或者“analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwage”,作者對(duì)該問(wèn)題的態(tài)度并沒(méi)有清晰地表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

5.主旨大意題。由Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-paying