考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Teenagechildrenbegantoasserttheirindependenceandthiscanleadtogooddealof（）inthefamily.

問題1選項

A.controversy

B.friction

C.restriction

D.contradiction

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義解析。controversy“辯論”；friction“摩擦”；restriction“，約束”；contradiction“矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年開始宣稱他們的獨立，這樣會在家庭中帶來大量的摩擦。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.

問題1選項

A.deviated

B.disconnected

C.detached

D.distorted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：每個工作日，工人們遵循著同樣的日程表，很少常規(guī)。A選項deviated脫離，偏離；B選項disconnected切斷；拆開；C選項detached分離，拆開；D選項distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意為“背離，偏離”，應選A。

3.單選題

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

問題1選項

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.devised設計B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計D.encountered遇到

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2050年美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上，2050年是一個未來的年份，這個數(shù)據應該是預估的，C選項“估計”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預測”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項devised“設計”，美國的老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量應該是自然發(fā)生的，不存在說被設計成多少；

B選項thrust“用力推”，不符合原句邏輯；

D選項encountered“遇到”，不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】預計到2050年，美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。

4.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據來支持他的新理論。根據橫線到句尾是對sufficientgrounds進行修飾的定語從句，確定用引導詞which；根據短語basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，確定用介詞on，B選項onwhichtobase正確。A選項whichtobaseon介詞和語序錯誤；C選項tobebasedon和D選項tobaseon介詞使用錯誤。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen（）.

問題1選項

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項givenup“放棄”；B選項stoodup“站起來，堅持”；C選項leftup“離開，丟下”；D選項takenup“拿起，開始從事，占據（時間，地方）”。句意：那天晚上我本來要和你妹妹一起去聽音樂會的，但是你妹妹沒來。真不敢相信我被_____。這里因為另一個人的妹妹沒有來，所以說話的人應該是覺得自己“被丟下/拋棄了”，因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Theoddnoisesandflashesoflightintheemptyhousecompletelybaffledhim.

問題1選項

A.horrified

B.surrounded

C.perplexed

D.surprised

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項horrified“驚駭，使……驚悚”；B選項surrounded“包圍，圍住”；C選項perplexed“困惑，迷茫，惶恐”；D選項surprised“使驚奇，驚訝”。句意：空房子里奇怪的聲音和閃光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

TheChineselanguagediffers（）fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.

問題1選項

A.considerably

B.consistently

C.confidently

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當?shù)?十分地";consistently"一貫地,始終如一地";confidently"自信地,確信地";continually"不斷地,連續(xù)地"。句意：由于書寫體系和發(fā)音的不同,漢語和英語有很大的不同。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson（）uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

問題1選項

A.opulently

B.excessively

C.consistently

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。opulently“富裕地，豐裕地”；excessively“過分地，極度”,強調的是超過合理范圍的；consistently“一貫地，一致地”；exceedingly“極其，非?！保喈斢趘ery。句意：如果你在電梯里盯著陌生人看，你會讓別人極其不舒服，并且你自己也會覺得很奇怪。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina（）ofanger.

問題1選項

A.fit

B.ray

C.grain

D.layer

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”；B選項arayof“一線”；C選項agrainof“一點點；一些”D選項alayerof“一層”。句意：不用管他說什么。你知道，這是在憤怒中說的。這里指“陣發(fā)的憤怒”，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Itisestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasalifeexpectancyofapproximatelyadecadebeforeitdrasticallyrevisedorreplacedbynewerinformation.

問題1選項

A.estimated

B.alifeexpectancy

C.decade

D.itdrastically

【答案】D

【解析】根據題中itisestimated可知，D項應該也為被動語態(tài)itisdrasticallyrevised，構成并列結構，句意：據估計，在一項科學原則被新的信息徹底地修改和更新之前，預期的壽命大概是十年。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Coalbedscontainappreciablequantitiesofmethane,theprincipalcomponentofnaturalgas.Incoaldeposits,methaneisoftendispersedthroughouttheporesandfracturesofthecoalbed.

問題1選項

A.softened

B.decayed

C.circulated

D.trickled

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.softened（使）變軟，軟化B.decayed（使）腐爛，腐朽

C.circulated（液體或氣體）環(huán)流，循環(huán)D.trickled（使）滴，淌，小股流淌

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】dispersed的意思為“（使）分散，散開”，指的是甲烷這種氣體在煤層的孔隙和裂縫循環(huán)流動，結合語境，circulated與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】煤層含有大量甲烷，這是天然氣的主要成分。在煤礦床中，甲烷往往分散在煤層的孔隙和裂縫中。

12.單選題

Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe（

）ofthecommunity.

問題1選項

A.nucleus

B.latitude

C.swamp

D.destiny

【答案】A

【解析】nucleus核心；latitude緯度,界限；swamp沼澤,濕地；destiny命運,定數(shù)。句意:許多人認為家庭是社區(qū)的核心。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury（）.

問題1選項

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。空格處為強調句型，itwasnotunti+強調部分+that引導的完整句子。因此C選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻煩事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

問題2選項

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

問題3選項

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

問題4選項

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.

問題5選項

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題?！皐eatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.（Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互聯(lián)網繼續(xù)培育的商務新品種的好例子）可推測“twokindsofsites（兩類網站）”經受住了這次高科技的低谷，并生存了下來，因此A選項“危機中生存”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干的關鍵詞thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.（第一種通常被稱為“實體與虛擬結合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在線擴展。他們將現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務擴展到在線領域。第二種提供了一種獨特的服務，這是由于互聯(lián)網的特殊性而得以實現(xiàn)的）可知第一種賣產品，而第二種賣服務，因此A選項“第一種是銷售商品，第二種是提供服務”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.（基礎價格很高這是可以理解的，考慮到CafeP為初始投資所做的工作）可知C選項“為了吸引在線客戶，它將利潤降到最低”表示不正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞vice-president定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit（越來越多的公司來找我們，他們想做某種商品銷售，他們想向他們的用戶提供一系列的產品，但他們不想做與之相關的麻煩事）可知C選項“那些想避免與客戶談判的麻煩的人”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中，由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore（這個系統(tǒng)值得注意的是，開一家商店是多么簡單）和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk（但是，使用，用戶可以輕松地將想法在短時間內實現(xiàn)，而且沒有財務風險）可知D選項“它為用戶提供了快速將他們的想法付諸實踐的安全性”符合題意。

15.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinorderrespects,appeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearnedthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Notsolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwoundwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，”theadvocateofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

問題1選項

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

D.arepersecuted.

問題4選項

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項

A.Lawenforcement

B.Knowledge

C.Moppinguptheviolentmess

D.nonviolence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。B項(暴力難以消除種族偏見)適合做文章標題。

2.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing(人類的整個歷史記錄，那冗長乏味的暴力記錄，完全沒有教給我們任何東西)，故選B。

3.推斷題。第二段指出:真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。D項是對A,B,C三項的總結。

4.語義題。Nonethewiser字面意思是“—點也不比以前聰明”。

5.細節(jié)題。第二段指出:如果我們在法律的構架中進行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實現(xiàn)的。因此推斷作者認為,法制是消滅種族歧視的辦法。

16.翻譯題

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.

【答案】西方那些負債累累、經濟停滯不前的國家應該向蒸蒸日上的亞洲學習些什么？

第一點也是最重要的一點，西方應當重新認識實用主義的優(yōu)點。幾十年前，亞洲的兩大巨頭在各自錯誤的政治經濟意識形態(tài)的領導下，均出現(xiàn)社會、經濟停滯不前的發(fā)展狀況：即馬克思主義的中國化和尼赫魯在印度推行社會主義制度。

然而，自從中國20世紀80年代迎來自由市場的改革，緊接著是印度在20世紀90年代的改革，這兩個國家都實現(xiàn)了經濟的快速發(fā)展。重要的是，當他們打開國門，開始拓展本國市場，中國和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中發(fā)育的嬰兒與其洗澡水一同扔掉，而是讓資本主義道路與政府所指引的發(fā)展道路相得益彰，得以均衡發(fā)展。

與這種冷靜明智的中間道路形成對比的是美國和歐洲，它們都過度受制于自己的意識形態(tài)，這種完全缺乏實用主義的情況是導致全球經濟危機長期化的一個因素。自20世紀80年代以來，美國越來越被不受任何干預的自由市場的意識形態(tài)沖昏頭腦，對政府干預持排斥立場。正如羅納德?里根所言“政府并不是解決問題的途徑；政府本身才是問題所在?！?/p>

與此同時，歐洲已經陷入另一種意識形態(tài)之中而不可自拔：他們相信歐洲政府總是有無窮無盡的資源，可以不斷地去借貸，仿佛沒有未來一樣。

正如美國人需要學習如何明智地增稅一樣，歐洲人也需要學習如何明智地削減開支——這一舉措可以讓亞洲國家學會如何克服過去自身的危機，取得成就。

17.單選題

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

問題1選項

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的，溫和的”。A項calm“平靜的，沉著的”，B項seedy“多種子的”，C項hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D項fake“偽造的”。句意：從飛機上看，西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據題意該題選A。

18.單選題

______humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.

問題1選項

A.Deliberate

B.Consistent

C.Abnormal

D.Primitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項Deliberate“故意的；從容的”；B選項Consistent“一致的；堅持的”；C選項Abnormal“反常的”；D選項Primitive“原始的；簡單的”。句意：______的人類行為可能是由于食用了破壞大腦中微妙的化學物質平衡的物質而引起的。根據語境，大腦化學物質失衡會導致人和平時不同，Abnormal“反常的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

19.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問題1選項

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯事的)責任，責備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔……的責任”；accusation意為“指責，譴責”。

句意：總經理承擔了事故的責任，盡管并不真的是他的錯。

20.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問題1選項

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

問題2選項

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

問題3選項

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

問題4選項

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

問題5選項

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個理論，即戲劇是從儀式演變而來的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關戲劇起源的不同理論，一個是認為戲劇起源于人類對講故事的興趣，另一個將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開，A選項‘戲劇的起源’正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時間的推移，一些儀式被廢棄了，但這些后來被稱為神話的故事流傳下來，為藝術和戲劇提供了素材?！贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關系，所以C選項‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因為音樂、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用。”確定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂’都有提及，D選項的“巫術”沒有提及，符合題意。

4.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’?！癱onsiderable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中，修飾名詞“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過程中避免錯誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視，宗教領袖通常承擔這項任務。’根據“avoidingmistakes避免錯誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領袖來承擔該項任務”可以確定B選項‘大量的’。正確

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據這篇文章，儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來的人也認為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因為音樂、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用。”確定A選項‘儀式用音樂，而戲劇不用’不正確。B項“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒有提及；根據倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終，這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動中分離了出來?！贝_定D項“宗教儀式有一個宗教目的，而戲劇沒有”正確。

21.單選題

Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.

問題1選項

A.cantherebe

B.canbethere

C.betherecan

D.therecanbe