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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Teenagechildrenbegantoasserttheirindependenceandthiscanleadtogooddealof()inthefamily.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.controversy
B.friction
C.restriction
D.contradiction
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義解析。controversy“辯論”;friction“摩擦”;restriction“,約束”;contradiction“矛盾,不一致”。句意:青少年開(kāi)始宣稱他們的獨(dú)立,這樣會(huì)在家庭中帶來(lái)大量的摩擦。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.單選題
Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely()fromthisroutine.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.deviated
B.disconnected
C.detached
D.distorted
【答案】A
【解析】句意:每個(gè)工作日,工人們遵循著同樣的日程表,很少常規(guī)。A選項(xiàng)deviated脫離,偏離;B選項(xiàng)disconnected切斷;拆開(kāi);C選項(xiàng)detached分離,拆開(kāi);D選項(xiàng)distorted歪曲,扭曲,deviatefrom意為“背離,偏離”,應(yīng)選A。
3.單選題
ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.devised
B.thrust
C.estimated
D.encountered
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.devised設(shè)計(jì)B.thrust用力推
C.estimated估計(jì)D.encountered遇到
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析
【解題思路】原文指到2050年美國(guó)老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上,2050年是一個(gè)未來(lái)的年份,這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的,C選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測(cè)”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)devised“設(shè)計(jì)”,美國(guó)的老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的,不存在說(shuō)被設(shè)計(jì)成多少;
B選項(xiàng)thrust“用力推”,不符合原句邏輯;
D選項(xiàng)encountered“遇到”,不符合原句邏輯。
【句意】預(yù)計(jì)到2050年,美國(guó)老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。
4.單選題
Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.whichtobaseon
B.onwhichtobase
C.tobebasedon
D.tobaseon
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據(jù)來(lái)支持他的新理論。根據(jù)橫線到句尾是對(duì)sufficientgrounds進(jìn)行修飾的定語(yǔ)從句,確定用引導(dǎo)詞which;根據(jù)短語(yǔ)basehisargumentsonthesesufficient,確定用介詞on,B選項(xiàng)onwhichtobase正確。A選項(xiàng)whichtobaseon介詞和語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤;C選項(xiàng)tobebasedon和D選項(xiàng)tobaseon介詞使用錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.givenup
B.stoodup
C.leftup
D.takenup
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)givenup“放棄”;B選項(xiàng)stoodup“站起來(lái),堅(jiān)持”;C選項(xiàng)leftup“離開(kāi),丟下”;D選項(xiàng)takenup“拿起,開(kāi)始從事,占據(jù)(時(shí)間,地方)”。句意:那天晚上我本來(lái)要和你妹妹一起去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的,但是你妹妹沒(méi)來(lái)。真不敢相信我被_____。這里因?yàn)榱硪粋€(gè)人的妹妹沒(méi)有來(lái),所以說(shuō)話的人應(yīng)該是覺(jué)得自己“被丟下/拋棄了”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
Theoddnoisesandflashesoflightintheemptyhousecompletelybaffledhim.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.horrified
B.surrounded
C.perplexed
D.surprised
【答案】C
【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)horrified“驚駭,使……驚悚”;B選項(xiàng)surrounded“包圍,圍住”;C選項(xiàng)perplexed“困惑,迷茫,惶恐”;D選項(xiàng)surprised“使驚奇,驚訝”。句意:空房子里奇怪的聲音和閃光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使……困惑;使……受挫折”,C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
TheChineselanguagediffers()fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.considerably
B.consistently
C.confidently
D.continually
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?十分地";consistently"一貫地,始終如一地";confidently"自信地,確信地";continually"不斷地,連續(xù)地"。句意:由于書(shū)寫體系和發(fā)音的不同,漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)有很大的不同。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
8.單選題
Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson()uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.opulently
B.excessively
C.consistently
D.exceedingly
【答案】D
【解析】考查副詞辨析。opulently“富裕地,豐裕地”;excessively“過(guò)分地,極度”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是超過(guò)合理范圍的;consistently“一貫地,一致地”;exceedingly“極其,非?!保喈?dāng)于very。句意:如果你在電梯里盯著陌生人看,你會(huì)讓別人極其不舒服,并且你自己也會(huì)覺(jué)得很奇怪。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
9.單選題
Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina()ofanger.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fit
B.ray
C.grain
D.layer
【答案】A
【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣,陣發(fā)”;B選項(xiàng)arayof“一線”;C選項(xiàng)agrainof“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn);一些”D選項(xiàng)alayerof“一層”。句意:不用管他說(shuō)什么。你知道,這是在憤怒中說(shuō)的。這里指“陣發(fā)的憤怒”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Itisestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasalifeexpectancyofapproximatelyadecadebeforeitdrasticallyrevisedorreplacedbynewerinformation.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.estimated
B.alifeexpectancy
C.decade
D.itdrastically
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)題中itisestimated可知,D項(xiàng)應(yīng)該也為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)itisdrasticallyrevised,構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu),句意:據(jù)估計(jì),在一項(xiàng)科學(xué)原則被新的信息徹底地修改和更新之前,預(yù)期的壽命大概是十年。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
11.單選題
Coalbedscontainappreciablequantitiesofmethane,theprincipalcomponentofnaturalgas.Incoaldeposits,methaneisoftendispersedthroughouttheporesandfracturesofthecoalbed.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.softened
B.decayed
C.circulated
D.trickled
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.softened(使)變軟,軟化B.decayed(使)腐爛,腐朽
C.circulated(液體或氣體)環(huán)流,循環(huán)D.trickled(使)滴,淌,小股流淌
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】dispersed的意思為“(使)分散,散開(kāi)”,指的是甲烷這種氣體在煤層的孔隙和裂縫循環(huán)流動(dòng),結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,circulated與之詞義相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。
【句意】煤層含有大量甲烷,這是天然氣的主要成分。在煤礦床中,甲烷往往分散在煤層的孔隙和裂縫中。
12.單選題
Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe(
)ofthecommunity.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.nucleus
B.latitude
C.swamp
D.destiny
【答案】A
【解析】nucleus核心;latitude緯度,界限;swamp沼澤,濕地;destiny命運(yùn),定數(shù)。句意:許多人認(rèn)為家庭是社區(qū)的核心。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
13.單選題
Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit
B.thenattainedanygreatreliability
C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained
D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained
【答案】C
【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,itwasnotunti+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that引導(dǎo)的完整句子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.單選題
Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.
Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.
C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.
Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.
Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles(麻煩事)associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”
Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource(外包)andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition(完成)withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.
1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans(
).
2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat
(
).
3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?
4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?
5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.survivingacrisis
B.comingintobeing
C.strugglinginthestorm
D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice
B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories
C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce
D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.
B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.
C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.
D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.
B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.
C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.
D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.
B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.
C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.
D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.詞義題?!皐eatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech(高科技的低谷)”,由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.(Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繼續(xù)培育的商務(wù)新品種的好例子)可推測(cè)“twokindsofsites(兩類網(wǎng)站)”經(jīng)受住了這次高科技的低谷,并生存了下來(lái),因此A選項(xiàng)“危機(jī)中生存”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中,由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.(第一種通常被稱為“實(shí)體與虛擬結(jié)合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在線擴(kuò)展。他們將現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到在線領(lǐng)域。第二種提供了一種獨(dú)特的服務(wù),這是由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的特殊性而得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的)可知第一種賣產(chǎn)品,而第二種賣服務(wù),因此A選項(xiàng)“第一種是銷售商品,第二種是提供服務(wù)”符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.(基礎(chǔ)價(jià)格很高這是可以理解的,考慮到CafeP為初始投資所做的工作)可知C選項(xiàng)“為了吸引在線客戶,它將利潤(rùn)降到最低”表示不正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞vice-president定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中,由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit(越來(lái)越多的公司來(lái)找我們,他們想做某種商品銷售,他們想向他們的用戶提供一系列的產(chǎn)品,但他們不想做與之相關(guān)的麻煩事)可知C選項(xiàng)“那些想避免與客戶談判的麻煩的人”符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中,由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore(這個(gè)系統(tǒng)值得注意的是,開(kāi)一家商店是多么簡(jiǎn)單)和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk(但是,使用,用戶可以輕松地將想法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn),而且沒(méi)有財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn))可知D選項(xiàng)“它為用戶提供了快速將他們的想法付諸實(shí)踐的安全性”符合題意。
15.單選題
Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinorderrespects,appeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearnedthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Notsolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwoundwhathitus.
Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.
Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocateofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.
1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus(
).
3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen(
).
4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means(
).
5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.AdvocatingViolence.
B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.
C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.
D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.violenceneversolvesanything.
B.nothing.
C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.
D.everything.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.can’tgetahearing.
B.arelookeddownupon.
C.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.
D.arepersecuted.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.
B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.
C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.
D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Lawenforcement
B.Knowledge
C.Moppinguptheviolentmess
D.nonviolence
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。B項(xiàng)(暴力難以消除種族偏見(jiàn))適合做文章標(biāo)題。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing(人類的整個(gè)歷史記錄,那冗長(zhǎng)乏味的暴力記錄,完全沒(méi)有教給我們?nèi)魏螙|西),故選B。
3.推斷題。第二段指出:真正有理智的人鼓吹法制,遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽(tīng)他們的意見(jiàn)越來(lái)越困難。D項(xiàng)是對(duì)A,B,C三項(xiàng)的總結(jié)。
4.語(yǔ)義題。Nonethewiser字面意思是“—點(diǎn)也不比以前聰明”。
5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出:如果我們?cè)诜傻臉?gòu)架中進(jìn)行工作,真正的持久的解決總是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。因此推斷作者認(rèn)為,法制是消滅種族歧視的辦法。
16.翻譯題
WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?
Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.
ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”
Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.
JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.
【答案】西方那些負(fù)債累累、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的國(guó)家應(yīng)該向蒸蒸日上的亞洲學(xué)習(xí)些什么?
第一點(diǎn)也是最重要的一點(diǎn),西方應(yīng)當(dāng)重新認(rèn)識(shí)實(shí)用主義的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。幾十年前,亞洲的兩大巨頭在各自錯(cuò)誤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,均出現(xiàn)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r:即馬克思主義的中國(guó)化和尼赫魯在印度推行社會(huì)主義制度。
然而,自從中國(guó)20世紀(jì)80年代迎來(lái)自由市場(chǎng)的改革,緊接著是印度在20世紀(jì)90年代的改革,這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。重要的是,當(dāng)他們打開(kāi)國(guó)門,開(kāi)始拓展本國(guó)市場(chǎng),中國(guó)和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中發(fā)育的嬰兒與其洗澡水一同扔掉,而是讓資本主義道路與政府所指引的發(fā)展道路相得益彰,得以均衡發(fā)展。
與這種冷靜明智的中間道路形成對(duì)比的是美國(guó)和歐洲,它們都過(guò)度受制于自己的意識(shí)形態(tài),這種完全缺乏實(shí)用主義的情況是導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)長(zhǎng)期化的一個(gè)因素。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),美國(guó)越來(lái)越被不受任何干預(yù)的自由市場(chǎng)的意識(shí)形態(tài)沖昏頭腦,對(duì)政府干預(yù)持排斥立場(chǎng)。正如羅納德?里根所言“政府并不是解決問(wèn)題的途徑;政府本身才是問(wèn)題所在。”
與此同時(shí),歐洲已經(jīng)陷入另一種意識(shí)形態(tài)之中而不可自拔:他們相信歐洲政府總是有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的資源,可以不斷地去借貸,仿佛沒(méi)有未來(lái)一樣。
正如美國(guó)人需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地增稅一樣,歐洲人也需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地削減開(kāi)支——這一舉措可以讓亞洲國(guó)家學(xué)會(huì)如何克服過(guò)去自身的危機(jī),取得成就。
17.單選題
Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.calm
B.seedy
C.hilly
D.fake
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的,溫和的”。A項(xiàng)calm“平靜的,沉著的”,B項(xiàng)seedy“多種子的”,C項(xiàng)hilly“丘陵的,多小山的”,D項(xiàng)fake“偽造的”。句意:從飛機(jī)上看,西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據(jù)題意該題選A。
18.單選題
______humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Deliberate
B.Consistent
C.Abnormal
D.Primitive
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Deliberate“故意的;從容的”;B選項(xiàng)Consistent“一致的;堅(jiān)持的”;C選項(xiàng)Abnormal“反常的”;D選項(xiàng)Primitive“原始的;簡(jiǎn)單的”。句意:______的人類行為可能是由于食用了破壞大腦中微妙的化學(xué)物質(zhì)平衡的物質(zhì)而引起的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)失衡會(huì)導(dǎo)致人和平時(shí)不同,Abnormal“反常的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
19.單選題
Themanagingdirectortookthe(
)fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.guilt
B.charge
C.blame
D.accusation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪,犯罪行為”;charge意為“收費(fèi),指控”;blame意為“(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任,責(zé)備”,taketheblamefor意為“承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”;accusation意為“指責(zé),譴責(zé)”。
句意:總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)了事故的責(zé)任,盡管并不真的是他的錯(cuò)。
20.單選題
TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.
Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.
Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?
4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“(
)".
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theoriginsoftheatre.
B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance
C.Theimportanceofstorytelling
D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.
B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.
C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.
D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Dance.
B.Costumes.
C.Music
D.Magic.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thoughtful
B.substantial
C.relational
D.ceremonial
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.
B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.
C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.
D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個(gè)理論,即戲劇是從儀式演變而來(lái)的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的不同理論,一個(gè)是認(rèn)為戲劇起源于人類對(duì)講故事的興趣,另一個(gè)將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開(kāi),A選項(xiàng)‘戲劇的起源’正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時(shí)間的推移,一些儀式被廢棄了,但這些后來(lái)被稱為神話的故事流傳下來(lái),為藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了素材?!贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關(guān)系,所以C選項(xiàng)‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘以下哪一項(xiàng)不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來(lái)的人也認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子,因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?!贝_定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂(lè)’都有提及,D選項(xiàng)的“巫術(shù)”沒(méi)有提及,符合題意。
4.詞匯題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’。“considerable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中,修飾名詞“importance重要性”,句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過(guò)程中避免錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視,宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?!鶕?jù)“avoidingmistakes避免錯(cuò)誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領(lǐng)袖來(lái)承擔(dān)該項(xiàng)任務(wù)”可以確定B選項(xiàng)‘大量的’。正確
5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章,儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來(lái)的人也認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子,因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?!贝_定A選項(xiàng)‘儀式用音樂(lè),而戲劇不用’不正確。B項(xiàng)“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項(xiàng)“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒(méi)有提及;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終,這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動(dòng)中分離了出來(lái)。”確定D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個(gè)宗教目的,而戲劇沒(méi)有”正確。
21.單選題
Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.cantherebe
B.canbethere
C.betherecan
D.therecanbe
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