考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Teenagechildrenbegantoasserttheirindependenceandthiscanleadtogooddealof（）inthefamily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controversy

B.friction

C.restriction

D.contradiction

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義解析。controversy“辯論”；friction“摩擦”；restriction“，約束”；contradiction“矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年開(kāi)始宣稱他們的獨(dú)立，這樣會(huì)在家庭中帶來(lái)大量的摩擦。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deviated

B.disconnected

C.detached

D.distorted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：每個(gè)工作日，工人們遵循著同樣的日程表，很少常規(guī)。A選項(xiàng)deviated脫離，偏離；B選項(xiàng)disconnected切斷；拆開(kāi)；C選項(xiàng)detached分離，拆開(kāi)；D選項(xiàng)distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意為“背離，偏離”，應(yīng)選A。

3.單選題

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.devised設(shè)計(jì)B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計(jì)D.encountered遇到

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2050年美國(guó)老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上，2050年是一個(gè)未來(lái)的年份，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的，C選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測(cè)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)devised“設(shè)計(jì)”，美國(guó)的老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的，不存在說(shuō)被設(shè)計(jì)成多少；

B選項(xiàng)thrust“用力推”，不符合原句邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)encountered“遇到”，不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】預(yù)計(jì)到2050年，美國(guó)老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。

4.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據(jù)來(lái)支持他的新理論。根據(jù)橫線到句尾是對(duì)sufficientgrounds進(jìn)行修飾的定語(yǔ)從句，確定用引導(dǎo)詞which；根據(jù)短語(yǔ)basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，確定用介詞on，B選項(xiàng)onwhichtobase正確。A選項(xiàng)whichtobaseon介詞和語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)tobebasedon和D選項(xiàng)tobaseon介詞使用錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)givenup“放棄”；B選項(xiàng)stoodup“站起來(lái)，堅(jiān)持”；C選項(xiàng)leftup“離開(kāi)，丟下”；D選項(xiàng)takenup“拿起，開(kāi)始從事，占據(jù)（時(shí)間，地方）”。句意：那天晚上我本來(lái)要和你妹妹一起去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的，但是你妹妹沒(méi)來(lái)。真不敢相信我被_____。這里因?yàn)榱硪粋€(gè)人的妹妹沒(méi)有來(lái)，所以說(shuō)話的人應(yīng)該是覺(jué)得自己“被丟下/拋棄了”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Theoddnoisesandflashesoflightintheemptyhousecompletelybaffledhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.horrified

B.surrounded

C.perplexed

D.surprised

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)horrified“驚駭，使……驚悚”；B選項(xiàng)surrounded“包圍，圍住”；C選項(xiàng)perplexed“困惑，迷茫，惶恐”；D選項(xiàng)surprised“使驚奇，驚訝”。句意：空房子里奇怪的聲音和閃光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheChineselanguagediffers（）fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerably

B.consistently

C.confidently

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?十分地";consistently"一貫地,始終如一地";confidently"自信地,確信地";continually"不斷地,連續(xù)地"。句意：由于書(shū)寫體系和發(fā)音的不同,漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)有很大的不同。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson（）uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.opulently

B.excessively

C.consistently

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。opulently“富裕地，豐裕地”；excessively“過(guò)分地，極度”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是超過(guò)合理范圍的；consistently“一貫地，一致地”；exceedingly“極其，非?！保喈?dāng)于very。句意：如果你在電梯里盯著陌生人看，你會(huì)讓別人極其不舒服，并且你自己也會(huì)覺(jué)得很奇怪。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina（）ofanger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fit

B.ray

C.grain

D.layer

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)arayof“一線”；C選項(xiàng)agrainof“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)；一些”D選項(xiàng)alayerof“一層”。句意：不用管他說(shuō)什么。你知道，這是在憤怒中說(shuō)的。這里指“陣發(fā)的憤怒”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Itisestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasalifeexpectancyofapproximatelyadecadebeforeitdrasticallyrevisedorreplacedbynewerinformation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.estimated

B.alifeexpectancy

C.decade

D.itdrastically

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題中itisestimated可知，D項(xiàng)應(yīng)該也為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)itisdrasticallyrevised，構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，句意：據(jù)估計(jì)，在一項(xiàng)科學(xué)原則被新的信息徹底地修改和更新之前，預(yù)期的壽命大概是十年。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Coalbedscontainappreciablequantitiesofmethane,theprincipalcomponentofnaturalgas.Incoaldeposits,methaneisoftendispersedthroughouttheporesandfracturesofthecoalbed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.softened

B.decayed

C.circulated

D.trickled

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.softened（使）變軟，軟化B.decayed（使）腐爛，腐朽

C.circulated（液體或氣體）環(huán)流，循環(huán)D.trickled（使）滴，淌，小股流淌

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】dispersed的意思為“（使）分散，散開(kāi)”，指的是甲烷這種氣體在煤層的孔隙和裂縫循環(huán)流動(dòng)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，circulated與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】煤層含有大量甲烷，這是天然氣的主要成分。在煤礦床中，甲烷往往分散在煤層的孔隙和裂縫中。

12.單選題

Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe（

）ofthecommunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nucleus

B.latitude

C.swamp

D.destiny

【答案】A

【解析】nucleus核心；latitude緯度,界限；swamp沼澤,濕地；destiny命運(yùn),定數(shù)。句意:許多人認(rèn)為家庭是社區(qū)的核心。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。空格處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，itwasnotunti+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that引導(dǎo)的完整句子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻煩事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題?！皐eatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.（Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繼續(xù)培育的商務(wù)新品種的好例子）可推測(cè)“twokindsofsites（兩類網(wǎng)站）”經(jīng)受住了這次高科技的低谷，并生存了下來(lái)，因此A選項(xiàng)“危機(jī)中生存”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.（第一種通常被稱為“實(shí)體與虛擬結(jié)合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在線擴(kuò)展。他們將現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到在線領(lǐng)域。第二種提供了一種獨(dú)特的服務(wù)，這是由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的特殊性而得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的）可知第一種賣產(chǎn)品，而第二種賣服務(wù)，因此A選項(xiàng)“第一種是銷售商品，第二種是提供服務(wù)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.（基礎(chǔ)價(jià)格很高這是可以理解的，考慮到CafeP為初始投資所做的工作）可知C選項(xiàng)“為了吸引在線客戶，它將利潤(rùn)降到最低”表示不正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞vice-president定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit（越來(lái)越多的公司來(lái)找我們，他們想做某種商品銷售，他們想向他們的用戶提供一系列的產(chǎn)品，但他們不想做與之相關(guān)的麻煩事）可知C選項(xiàng)“那些想避免與客戶談判的麻煩的人”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中，由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore（這個(gè)系統(tǒng)值得注意的是，開(kāi)一家商店是多么簡(jiǎn)單）和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk（但是，使用，用戶可以輕松地將想法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)，而且沒(méi)有財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知D選項(xiàng)“它為用戶提供了快速將他們的想法付諸實(shí)踐的安全性”符合題意。

15.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinorderrespects,appeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearnedthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Notsolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwoundwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，”theadvocateofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

D.arepersecuted.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lawenforcement

B.Knowledge

C.Moppinguptheviolentmess

D.nonviolence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。B項(xiàng)(暴力難以消除種族偏見(jiàn))適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing(人類的整個(gè)歷史記錄，那冗長(zhǎng)乏味的暴力記錄，完全沒(méi)有教給我們?nèi)魏螙|西)，故選B。

3.推斷題。第二段指出:真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽(tīng)他們的意見(jiàn)越來(lái)越困難。D項(xiàng)是對(duì)A,B,C三項(xiàng)的總結(jié)。

4.語(yǔ)義題。Nonethewiser字面意思是“—點(diǎn)也不比以前聰明”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出:如果我們?cè)诜傻臉?gòu)架中進(jìn)行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。因此推斷作者認(rèn)為,法制是消滅種族歧視的辦法。

16.翻譯題

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.

【答案】西方那些負(fù)債累累、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的國(guó)家應(yīng)該向蒸蒸日上的亞洲學(xué)習(xí)些什么？

第一點(diǎn)也是最重要的一點(diǎn)，西方應(yīng)當(dāng)重新認(rèn)識(shí)實(shí)用主義的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。幾十年前，亞洲的兩大巨頭在各自錯(cuò)誤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，均出現(xiàn)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r：即馬克思主義的中國(guó)化和尼赫魯在印度推行社會(huì)主義制度。

然而，自從中國(guó)20世紀(jì)80年代迎來(lái)自由市場(chǎng)的改革，緊接著是印度在20世紀(jì)90年代的改革，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。重要的是，當(dāng)他們打開(kāi)國(guó)門，開(kāi)始拓展本國(guó)市場(chǎng)，中國(guó)和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中發(fā)育的嬰兒與其洗澡水一同扔掉，而是讓資本主義道路與政府所指引的發(fā)展道路相得益彰，得以均衡發(fā)展。

與這種冷靜明智的中間道路形成對(duì)比的是美國(guó)和歐洲，它們都過(guò)度受制于自己的意識(shí)形態(tài)，這種完全缺乏實(shí)用主義的情況是導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)長(zhǎng)期化的一個(gè)因素。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，美國(guó)越來(lái)越被不受任何干預(yù)的自由市場(chǎng)的意識(shí)形態(tài)沖昏頭腦，對(duì)政府干預(yù)持排斥立場(chǎng)。正如羅納德?里根所言“政府并不是解決問(wèn)題的途徑；政府本身才是問(wèn)題所在。”

與此同時(shí)，歐洲已經(jīng)陷入另一種意識(shí)形態(tài)之中而不可自拔：他們相信歐洲政府總是有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的資源，可以不斷地去借貸，仿佛沒(méi)有未來(lái)一樣。

正如美國(guó)人需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地增稅一樣，歐洲人也需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地削減開(kāi)支——這一舉措可以讓亞洲國(guó)家學(xué)會(huì)如何克服過(guò)去自身的危機(jī)，取得成就。

17.單選題

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的，溫和的”。A項(xiàng)calm“平靜的，沉著的”，B項(xiàng)seedy“多種子的”，C項(xiàng)hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D項(xiàng)fake“偽造的”。句意：從飛機(jī)上看，西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

18.單選題

______humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Deliberate

B.Consistent

C.Abnormal

D.Primitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Deliberate“故意的；從容的”；B選項(xiàng)Consistent“一致的；堅(jiān)持的”；C選項(xiàng)Abnormal“反常的”；D選項(xiàng)Primitive“原始的；簡(jiǎn)單的”。句意：______的人類行為可能是由于食用了破壞大腦中微妙的化學(xué)物質(zhì)平衡的物質(zhì)而引起的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)失衡會(huì)導(dǎo)致人和平時(shí)不同，Abnormal“反常的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。guilt意為“有罪，犯罪行為”；charge意為“收費(fèi)，指控”；blame意為“(壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任，責(zé)備”，taketheblamefor意為“承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任”；accusation意為“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”。

句意：總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)了事故的責(zé)任，盡管并不真的是他的錯(cuò)。

20.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個(gè)理論，即戲劇是從儀式演變而來(lái)的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的不同理論，一個(gè)是認(rèn)為戲劇起源于人類對(duì)講故事的興趣，另一個(gè)將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開(kāi)，A選項(xiàng)‘戲劇的起源’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時(shí)間的推移，一些儀式被廢棄了，但這些后來(lái)被稱為神話的故事流傳下來(lái)，為藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了素材?！贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘以下哪一項(xiàng)不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來(lái)的人也認(rèn)為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?！贝_定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂(lè)’都有提及，D選項(xiàng)的“巫術(shù)”沒(méi)有提及，符合題意。

4.詞匯題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’。“considerable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中，修飾名詞“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過(guò)程中避免錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?！鶕?jù)“avoidingmistakes避免錯(cuò)誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領(lǐng)袖來(lái)承擔(dān)該項(xiàng)任務(wù)”可以確定B選項(xiàng)‘大量的’。正確

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來(lái)的人也認(rèn)為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)‘儀式用音樂(lè)，而戲劇不用’不正確。B項(xiàng)“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項(xiàng)“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終，這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動(dòng)中分離了出來(lái)。”確定D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個(gè)宗教目的，而戲劇沒(méi)有”正確。

21.單選題

Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cantherebe

B.canbethere

C.betherecan

D.therecanbe