考研考博-英語-山東英才學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東英才學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管我們對“學習”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對此已有不少了解?！皩W習”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進行。一般來說，“學習”必然會引起行為的變化?！皩W習”導致人們行為發(fā)生變化吋，這種變化常能持久?！皩W習”也許意味著對一系列細小而不相關的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學習一首新的曲子。

【答案】

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

2.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問題1選項

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項engagein“從事于”；C選項indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項hangon“堅持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通常……一杯酒。能與“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項“沉湎于”。

3.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.

【答案】B

【解析】W:NowDaddyI’mwearingthisonyourchest.It’scalledstethocope.Itmightbealittlecold,I’llwarmitup.Feeltheend,OK?FirstofallI’lllistentoyourfrontandthenyourback.

M:Shehasgonethatalotoftimes.

Q:Howmanypeoplehavebeeninvolvedinthesituation?

【解析】推斷題。父親說：Shehasgonethatalotoftimes，由此推測，本段對話中除了父女倆還有第三人的存在。

4.單選題

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfideproducingbacteriagainstheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,filesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleistheydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

1.Theunderlinedphrase“emanatefrom”in(Sent.2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause（）.

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

問題2選項

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfur-richfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

問題3選項

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpful

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

問題4選項

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

問題5選項

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.詞義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第二句offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth（口臭來自口腔中的細菌），可知C選項“源自”符合題意，故C選項正確。A選項“靠，以”，B選項“對……負有責任；對……做出解釋；（比例）占有”，以及D選項“傳下來”意思不符合。因此C選項正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段第一、二句anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy（任何使口腔干燥的東西都會產生口臭。壓力也是如此，盡管不知道為什么），可知精神緊張導致口臭，故D選項“精神緊張”正確。A選項“牙齒問題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句，醫(yī)生最多能建議有口臭的病人保持口腔清潔，可知口臭與口腔清潔有關，沒有提到和牙齒問題有關。B選項“高硫的食物”：根據(jù)第三段第二、三句，細菌以食物中的蛋白質為食，并排放硫化物這種口臭中最難聞的氣體，可知并不是高硫食物導致口臭。C選項“運動過度”：根據(jù)第五段第一句，運動時用嘴呼吸產生口臭，可知不是運動過多導致口臭。因此D選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows（只要唾液的正常流速放緩，就會有口臭）和第五段第一句Alcohol…anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath（酒精……任何使口腔干燥的東西都會產生口臭），酒精引發(fā)口臭，而口臭的原因就是唾液流速低于正常速度，可推斷酒精影響唾液正常流動，故D選項“它影響唾液正常流動”正確。A選項“它能阻止致病細菌繁殖”：文章中沒有提到任何方法阻止細菌繁殖，只有通過刷牙等清除細菌的方法。B選項“其氣味加劇口臭”：根據(jù)第八段第二句，含有酒精的漱口水通過氣味掩蓋口臭，沒有提到其氣味加劇口臭。C選項“它能有效殺死細菌”：根據(jù)第八段第三、四句，漱口水可以殺死部分細菌，但不能殺死所有致病細菌，可知漱口水不能有效殺死細菌。因此D選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第八段第四句Thetroubleistheydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms（問題是它們不一定能接觸到所有致病的細菌），thetrouble交代這是漱口水不能有效治療口臭的主要原因，故B選項“它們無法接觸到所有致病細菌”正確。A選項“它們無法長時間掩蓋難聞氣味”：無法長時間掩蓋氣味是漱口水不能有效治療口臭的表現(xiàn)。C選項“它們濃烈的氣味和口臭味道混合后加劇口臭”：根據(jù)第八段最后一句如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多數(shù)都含有——會加劇問題，可知漱口水含有酒精并且加劇口臭。D選項“它們不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層”：根據(jù)第八段倒數(shù)第二句，大多數(shù)細菌在厚層黏液中，漱口水不能殺死它們，沒有說到為什么不能和漱口水能不能到達厚層黏液。因此B選項正確。

5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.（直到幾年前，醫(yī)生能做的最多的就是建議有口臭的病人保持口腔清潔?，F(xiàn)在他們正在尋找新的方法來治療這種通?？梢灾斡募膊。?，對于治愈口臭，前幾年醫(yī)生能做的有限，而且現(xiàn)在還在尋找方法治愈口臭，可見口臭不容易治愈，故A選項“口臭不容易治愈”正確。B選項“老年人口臭較少”：根據(jù)第六段第一句老年人比年輕人更多有口臭問題，可知老年人口臭問題更多。C選項“酗酒者較少受到口臭的影響”和D選項“口臭受酒精影響較小”：根據(jù)第五段第一句酒精……任何使口腔干燥的東西都會產生口臭，可知酒精加劇口臭問題并且影響不小。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversityofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor______.

問題1選項

A.explicated

B.complicated

C.duplicated

D.implicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項explicated“說明，解釋”；B選項complicated“使復雜化；使惡化；使卷入”；C選項duplicated“復制；使加倍”；D選項implicated“使卷入；涉及；暗指；影響”。句意：來自其他機構的學術記錄通常會成為一所大學的官方所有文件，并且不會被返還給學生或者被復制。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.

問題1選項

A.condemn

B.dispute

C.contend

D.neglect

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項condemn“譴責；聲討”；B選項dispute“辯論；懷疑”；C選項contend“主張；為……斗爭”；D選項neglect“疏忽；忽視；忽略”。句意：他們……赤字開支，宣稱用更多的債務解決不了債務問題。根據(jù)名詞deficitspending“赤字開支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消費。對這一消費行為有人贊成，也有人否定。根據(jù)后面的關鍵信息youcan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.“你不能用更多的債務來解決債務問題”由此看來，這里是不贊成超前消費的，有反對的意味。因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

VII.EconomicLaw

InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.Allinformationisatoncematerialtosomeinvestorstoacertainextentbutirrelevanttootherinvestorstoacertainextent.

Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation.Definitionshavearisenthroughcontroversialcaselaw.However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.UnlikeECMH,arealisticassumptionisthatmostinformationisunknownandoftenunknowableaswell.Forexample,mostpeopledonotknowgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples.Yet,theGAAParewellestablishedandquitenecessarytoasolidfundamentalanalysisofanystock.IsGAAPinsideinformation?Areaccountants“insiders”?Dotheyhavean“unfair”tradingadvantage—fortheirknowledgeoffundamentalanalysisofstockvalues(ratios)doesinfactgivethematradingadvantageasWarrenBuffetexemplifies.Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.Yettheirexpertiseisbasedonathoroughknowledgeofexactlythetypeofinformationthatisregardedas“inside”!

Theuntenabilityofthe“inside”informationdistinctionbecomesclearifwelookatinsidertradingfromtheperspectiveofinformationtheory.Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.Allinformationstartsitslifecycleas“unknown”.Informationatfirstisknownbynoone.Informationissomehowdiscoveredorinvented.Thenitis“knownonlybyafew”.Wemightcallthesepersons“insiders”andthelawsometimesdoes.This“inside”informationovertimeisdisseminatedataratecorrespondingtoitsvalue.Whendoestheinformationstopbeing“inside”andstartbeing“public”?Ithinkthatquestionisunanswerable.Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.Anditistheveryvalueofapieceofinformationthatencouragesitsdissemination.Outlawinguseof“inside”informationisaverygoodwaytoslowdownitspublication.Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.Thevalueof“insider”informationdetermineshowrapidlyandtowhomtheinformationflows.Whenthelawimposesrestrictionsontheuseofinsiderinformationitisdistortingmarketprocesses,restrictinginformationflowandgeneratesmarketinefficiency.

75.Accordingtotheauthor,thevalueoftheinformationdependson___.

76.Thedescriptionthatthelifecycleofinformationstartsfrom“unknown”to“knownonlybyafew”,thento“public”isfollowingthe___.

77.Weonlypunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledgein___market.

78.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorwantstotellthereadersthat___.

問題1選項

A.thetypeoftheinformation

B.thespeedofitsdissemination

C.thelegalrestriction

D.itsrareness

問題2選項

A.statutoryrules

B.marketoperation

C.informationtheory

D.productlifecycle

問題3選項

A.intellectualproperties

B.securities

C.accounting

D.generalproduct

問題4選項

A.“insideinformation”isdifficulttobedefined

B.allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public,thus“inside”

C.theaccountantsknowledgeofGAAPcanalsobe“insideinformation”

D.Allinformationismaterialforsomeinvestorsbutirrelevantorknowntootherinvestors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】75.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字定位到原文第二段Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.（“內部”信息的價值之所以存在，是因為它是稀有的——就像任何產品一樣，“稀有”信息比“普通”信息的價值更大）可知信息的價值取決于它的稀有程度，選D選項“稀有”；第二段Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.（無論如何，一旦信息被廣泛傳播，它就沒有什么價值）可知是傳播范圍越廣，信息就越?jīng)]有價值，和傳播速度無關，B選項“它傳播的速度”屬于過度推測，排除；A選項“信息的類型”和C選項“法律限制”和原文不符，排除。因此D選項正確。

76.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.（信息和任何產品一樣，都有一個生命周期）可以推測出信息的生命周期和產品的生命周期相似，選D選項“產品生命周期”；A選項“法定規(guī)則”，B選項“市場運行”以及C選項“信息理論”和原文不符。因此D選項正確。

77.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.（在其他任何市場，我們都不會懲罰那些從他們的知識中獲利的人。事實上，在一些市場——專利、商標和版權——法律實際上造成了信息壟斷）可知在其他市場，依靠知識獲利不會被懲罰，但是在“專利、商標和版權”這樣的知識產權下，法律形成了壟斷，即法律會保護知識產權，會懲罰那些用他們的知識在知識產權市場上獲利的人，選A選項“知識產權”；第二段Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.（我們不應該因為會計師的專業(yè)知識而懲罰他們）可知C選項“會計”是不會被懲罰，排除；B選項“證券”以及D選項“通用產品”原文未涉及，屬于無中生有。因此A選項符合題意。

78.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中心句InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.（在美國，內部信息是“重要的非公開信息”。問題是，所有的信息在某種程度上都是非公開的）可知所有的消息在某種程度上都是“非公開的”，所以很難定義內部消息。以及第二段中心句Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation…However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.（聯(lián)邦立法沒有對內幕信息進行定義……然而，內幕信息永遠無法被完全定義，因為所有的信息在不同程度上都是非公開的）可知第二段還是在強調內部信息是無法完全被定義的，因為所有的信息在不同程度上都是非公開的，則選A選項“‘內幕消息’很難定義”；B選項“所有信息在某種程度上是非公開的，因此是‘內部的’”和第一二段的邏輯關系不符，B選項主要強調信息在某種程度上非公開導致是“內部消息”，但是一二段強調信息在某種程度上非公開導致“內部消息”無法被定義，B選項排除；C選項“會計知識的GAAP也可以是‘內部信息’”是第二段的片面內容，D選項“所有信息對某些投資者來說是重要的，但對其他投資者來說是無關的或已知的”是第一段的片面內容，C選項和D選項都是以偏概全，排除。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand（）heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.

問題1選項

A.impinge

B.affect

C.afflict

D.impact

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項impinge“妨礙，侵犯”；B選項affect“影響，感染”，一般和介詞to搭配；C選項afflict“折磨，使痛苦”；D選項impact“影響，沖突”。句意：這些資金將附帶嚴格的條件，強制實施外部金融控制，并嚴重侵犯了冰島來之不易的主權獨立。這里是指侵犯主權，所以選項A更符合語境。

9.單選題

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

問題1選項

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意：長江流經(jīng)一個有許多湖泊的大平原，這個平原寬達2公里，平均深度在6至15米之間。這個地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴重的水災和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對……反對；particular特別，尤其，不與to搭配；subjectto使遭受；proneto有……傾向的。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Weshallprobablyneverbeableto（）theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.

問題1選項

A.assert

B.inform

C.ascertain

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】assert斷言，聲稱；inform通知；ascertain探明，確定；notify通知，公布。句意：我們可能永遠無法確定這些亞原子粒子的確切性質。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.

Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.

Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.

Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.

First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.

Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.

Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.

Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—ornoschoolatall.Thegrowthofprivateschoolsisamanifestationofthehealthiestofinstincts:parents’desiretodothebestfortheirchildren.Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.Ideally,theywouldsubsidizeprivateschools,preferablythroughavoucherwhichparentscouldspendattheschoolsoftheirchoiceandtopup;theywouldregulateschoolstoensurequality;theywouldrunpublicexamstohelpparentsmakeinformedchoice.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thestategovernmentsindevelopingcountriesfailto（

）.

2.TheauthormentionsKishoreSinghinordertoshow

（

）.

3.Privateschoolssurpassthepubliconesinthat

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprivateeducation?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.providepropereducationforalltheschoolagechildren

B.fulfilltheirpromisesbyestablishingenoughpublicschools

C.improveeducationqualityoftheexistingpublicschools

D.speedupthesocialshiftfromfarmingtomanufacturing

問題2選項

A.howstategovernmentsdislikeprivateeducation

B.whyNGOsaresomuchopposedtoprivatesectors

C.howweshouldsafeguardthenobilityofeducation

D.whatthesocialmainstreamthinksoftheprivateschool

問題3選項

A.theycanobtainmoremoneyfromparents

B.theyhaveachievedbetterteachingquality

C.theycanmakebetteruseofmoneyandinnovate

D.theycanusetabletstoassistteaching

問題4選項

A.Itmeetstheneedofsocialdevelopment.

B.Itshouldbesuspendedandreorganized.

C.Itshouldnotberunpurelyafterhighprofits.

D.Itisencouragedtoreplacepubliceducation.

問題5選項

A.WhyArePrivateSchoolsBoomingSoFast?

B.ShouldPrivateEducationBeHelpedorCurbed?

C.HowShouldtheGovernmentImproveEducation?

D.WhatShouldtheStateDowithPublicSchools?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.大多數(shù)政府承諾提供普遍的初等教育以及促進中等教育的發(fā)展。但即使公立學校存在，它們通常還是失敗了?！痹俑鶕?jù)第一段前面的內容可推斷，發(fā)展中國家的政府沒有履行他們的承諾，沒有建立足夠的公立學校。選項B符合原文；選項A和選項C在文中沒有提及；選項D是私立學校繁榮的原因之一，不符合題意。所以只有選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“KishoreSingh”定位第三段“KishoreSingh,hassaidthat‘for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation’”聯(lián)合國教育特別報告員KishoreSingh曾表示：“為了捍衛(wèi)教育的崇高事業(yè)，不應該允許營利性教育。”這是對原文中上一句“NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.非政府組織往往在意識形態(tài)上反對私營部門”的解釋，說明非政府組織反對私營機構的理由。因此選項B符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)兩段的首句“privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.私立學校通常比公立學校更物有所值。”也就是能夠充分利用資金?！皃rivateschoolsareinnovative.”私立學校具有創(chuàng)新性。所以選項C符合原文。選項A顯然不是私立學校超越公立學校的原因；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項D表述過于片面。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.政府不應該打擊私營教育，而應該大力發(fā)展私營教育?！庇纱丝赏茢啵髡哒J為私營教育是符合社會發(fā)展的需求的。選項A正確。選項B與作者的觀點不符；選項C在文中沒有提及；選項D表述過于絕對。

5.主旨大意題。結合全文內容可知，作者首先指出了發(fā)展中國家政府在公立教育方面的失敗，接著提到私營教育的發(fā)展，政府反對私營教育，而作者認為應該大力發(fā)展私營教育，所以本文的主要內容是討論支持還是反對私營教育。選項B最為恰當。

12.單選題

Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.

問題1選項

A.resigned

B.compromised

C.persisted

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。prevail表示“盛行，流行，戰(zhàn)勝”；A項resign“辭職，放棄”，B項compromise“妥協(xié)，和解”，C項persist“堅持”，D項dominate“占主導地位，支配，控制”。句意：專家表示，如果冷酷的陪審員獲勝，對生病吸煙者的賠償金額將會減少。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項正確。

13.單選題

TherailwayticketforonesinglejourneybetweenBeijingandShanghaiis（

）forfivedays.

問題1選項

A.fruitful

B.beneficial

C.valid

D.effective

【答案】C

【解析】句意:北京和上海之間的單程火車票五日內有效。

考查形容詞辨析。Fruitful成果豐碩的,富有成效的;beneficial有利的;valid有效的,(正式)認可的,符合邏輯的;effective有效果的,起作用的。這里指火車票的有效時間,故C符合句意。

14.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲