考研考博-英語-常州信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)areinfectiousto“有傳染性”；B選項(xiàng)areaccessibleto“都可以訪問”；C選項(xiàng)aredisposedof“正在處理”；D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意：醫(yī)生有興趣使用激光作為手術(shù)工具，對那些容易心臟病發(fā)作的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)。根據(jù)此處關(guān)鍵詞heartattack（心臟病）可排除A選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)不符合句意也可排除，D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

世界與宇宙的本質(zhì)是什么？這是中國哲學(xué)的基本問題。春秋時(shí)期的思想家老子是第一個(gè)嘗試進(jìn)行闡釋的中國哲學(xué)家，老子認(rèn)為“道”乃宇宙及世界之源。道無始終，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主張“道法自然”。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)揭示了一個(gè)平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世間的一切都有著自然的屬性，人類作為自然的一部分應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循自然的法則，而不應(yīng)無節(jié)制地向自然索取。

【答案】Whatistheessenceoftheworldanduniverse?ThisisabasicprobleminChinesephilosophy.LaoTzeofspringandautumnperiodattemptedtoexplainChinesephilosophyfirstly.Hethoughthat“Tao”isthesourceofourworldoruniverse.“Tao”hasnoendorbeginning.AndtheuniverseisTao,andTaoisuniverse.LaoTzeadvocatedthetheoryof“theruleisconsistentwithnature”,whichshowsusasimplebutprofoundtruth:Allthingsintheworld,includinguniverse,earthandhumanhavenaturalattributes.Asapartofnature,humanbeingsshouldn’taskthenatureforresourcesimmoderatelyandneedtoobeythenature’srules.

3.單選題

Henry’snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（

）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.understanding

B.comprehensible

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。understanding“理解”；comprehensible“可理解的”；comprehensive“綜合的；廣泛的”；understandable“可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新聞報(bào)道非常詳盡，幾乎沒有遺漏。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathome______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratherthandriveout

B.thantodriveout

C.ratherthandroveout

D.todrivingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodoratherthando“寧可做……而不做”，A選項(xiàng)ratherthandriveout符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。句意：我寧愿在家度周末也不愿開車出去。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ourserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountrywhilesix

librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifting

B.drifting

C.rotating

D.mobile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。shifting“不斷移動(dòng)的”；drifting“漂移的”；rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”；mobile“可移動(dòng)的”。句意：全國有36個(gè)圖書館，有6個(gè)移動(dòng)圖書館專門為農(nóng)村服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的；不吉利的”；B選項(xiàng)foppish“浮華的；矯飾的；有紈绔習(xí)氣的”；C選項(xiàng)gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)remunerative“有利可圖的；有報(bào)酬的；合算的”。句意：這樣的警告反映了阿爾索普家族傾向于用可怕的恐懼和沮喪來掩蓋他們的分析。portentous“不祥的；預(yù)兆的；令人驚訝的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalosswhattodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inorder“有序的，整齊的”；B選項(xiàng)inplace“合適的，在合適的位置，執(zhí)行的，設(shè)立的”；C選項(xiàng)inneed“需要……的，需要幫忙的”；D選項(xiàng)introuble“有麻煩”。句意：在沒有（）明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下，醫(yī)院的管理人員有時(shí)不知所措。A、C和D選項(xiàng)明顯不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpollution（

）aseriousthreattothecontinuedexistenceofsomespecieslivingonearth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poses

B.imposes

C.provokes

D.evokes

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)pose“造成，擺姿勢”；B選項(xiàng)impose“強(qiáng)加”；C選項(xiàng)provoke“驅(qū)使，激怒”；D選項(xiàng)evoke“引起，喚起”。句意：毫無疑問，污染對地球上某些物種的繼續(xù)生存造成了嚴(yán)重的威脅。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Shamanismisthebeliefinaspiritualworldinwhichalllivingthingsareconnected.ItistheoldestformofsystematicbeliefinhumanhistoryasthereisevidenceofshamanismexistinginNeolithictimesthousandsofyearsago.PeopleinmostancientculturespracticedShamanisminsomeformduringtheirhistories.Whilesomefeaturesarecommontothepracticeofshamanism,mostculturesaddedtheirownuniqueaspects.Overtime,however,organizedreligionsbegantospringupinancientcivilizations,soshamanismwaseithersuppressedordisappearedentirely.Inmoderntimes,eventhoughsomepeoplepracticeit,mainstreamsocietymostlyviewsitskeptically.

Theriseofshamanisminancienttimescanbeattributedtomankind’sdesiretounderstandhowtheworldaroundhimworked.Lackingmodernscientificmethodsaswellastheknowledgetounderstandtheworld,peopleinancienttimescametobelievetherewasaspiritualconnectionbetweenman,animals,plants,themoon,thesunandthecosmosinitsentirety.Someculturesattributedthisspiritualpowertoadeityorpantheonofdeitieswhileotherscreditedittonatureasawhole.Overtime,someculturescreatedelaboratesetsofbeliefsandrituals—nowcalledshamanism—concerningthisspiritworld.Centraltothesebeliefsinmostcultureswasthenotionthatanindividualwithadeepconnectiontothespiritworld—ashaman—couldactasaguideandadvisortoothers.

Inmostcultures,shamansweremenwhoheldpositionsofprominence,butwomencouldbeshamansinsomeinstances.Ashaman’srolevariedfromculturetoculture,butsomeaspectsofitwerenearlyuniversal.Amongthemweretheperceivedabilitiestocommunicatewiththespiritualworld,totraveltothatworld,toseethefuture,tohealthesick,andtoguidethedeadtotheirfinalrestingplace.Shamansweretypicallycalledupontoactasadvisorsforagroup’sleaders,tousetheirskillstoaskforhelpduringtimesofneed,andtobethekeepersoftheircommunities’oralhistoryandtraditions,whichtheywouldpassontothenextgeneration.Typically,shamansworeelaboratecostumesthatreflectedtheirroleinsociety.AnimalmotifsintheiroutfitswerecommontoshamansinIndiantribesintheAmericas,yettheirgarbdifferedinotherregions.

Shamansusedavarietyofmethodstocalluponthespiritualworldforguidanceorassistancewiththesick.Theyemployedmusic,singing,andchanting,andtheysometimestookplantsthatinducedpsychedelictrances.Mostshamanswereskilledatrecognizingwhichplantswereusefulasmedicines,sothisaidedthemintheirrolesashealers.Mostshamanisticpracticesandskillswerekeptsecretfromoutsiders—evenfromothertribesinthesameculture—andshamansleftnowrittenrecords,soitisdifficultformodernanthropologiststounderstandmanyaspectsofshamanisminancientcultures.Eveninmoderntimes,manyprimitivetribesthatpracticeshamanism,suchasthoseintheAmazonRainforest,arereluctanttodivulgetheirsecretstooutsiders.

Whileshamanismprevailedduringprehistorictimes,itwentintoalongdeclinethathaslastedforthousandsofyears.TheriseofcivilizationandtheestablishingofstrongcentralgovernmentsinMesopotamianandEgyptwerethefirstinaseriesofstepsthatledtothefoundingoforganizedreligionandtherepressingofshamanism.ThedevelopmentofChristianityandthespreadofEuropeanbeliefsandculturearoundtheworldfurtherhelpedcontinuethetrendofshamanismbecomingirrelevant.Forinstance,theEuropeansoftenforciblyconvertednativesinNorthandSouthAmericantoChristianityandmadethemabandontheirshamanisticpractices.

Shamanismneverdiedoutentirelydespitesomepeople’sbesteffortstomakethishappen.Infact,manytribesresistedeffortstostampitoutandcontinuedobservingtheirbeliefsinprivate.Today,shamanismhasbecomemoreaccepted,anditispracticedopenlyinnumerousplacesaroundtheworld,includinginmodernsocietiesinNorthAmerica,SouthAmericaandAsia.Forexample,theHmongpeopleofsoutheastAsiabroughtshamanismtotheUnitedStateswhentheymigratedthereinlargenumbersinlate1900s.Still,despitethisslightrenewalinshamanisticbeliefs,manypeopleregarditassuperstitionfromamoreprimitiveage.

16.Instatingthatorganizedreligionsbegantospringup,theauthormeansthattheorganizedreligions________.

17.Theauthor’sdescriptionofshamanisminparagraph1mentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

18.Thewordperceivedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

19.Accordingtoparagraph4,anthropologistshaveproblemsunderstandingshamanismbecause________.

20.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthefinalparagraphofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gainedpopularity

B.wereestablished

C.inspiredpeople

D.causedproblem

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Manyculturesaroundtheworldoncepracticedsomeformofshamanism

B.Shamanismhasexistedasahumanbeliefsystemforseveralmillennia

C.Itwastheinspirationforanumberoforganizedreligionsthatwerefounded

D.Certainaspectsofshamanismtendtobedifferentfromculturetoculture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.innate

B.supposed

C.invaluable

D.imaginary

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fewbooksthatshamansrecordedtheirknowledgeinhavebeenfound

B.itisdifficulttounderstandthemindsofshamansfromthepast

C.theknowledgethatpastshamanspossessedwasneverrecorded

D.mostshamanstodayareunwillingtoimparttheirknowledgetoothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheonlyplacesonEarthwhereshamanismcontinuestosurvivearetheAmericasandAsia.

B.Thereareseveralcontinentswhereshamanismispracticedintheopenwithoutfearofrepression.

C.Evenintheworld’smostmodernsocieties,somepeopleareopen-mindedenoughtoacceptshamanism.

D.Thankstopeopleonsomecontinents,shamanismhasnotbeenforgottenbutisstillpracticedtoday.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】16.語義推測題。springup的意思是“出現(xiàn)”，根據(jù)第一段第二句Itistheoldestformofsystematicbeliefinhumanhistory（薩滿教是人類歷史上最古老的系統(tǒng)信仰形式）和五句Overtime,however,organizedreligionsbegantospringupinancientcivilizations,soshamanismwaseithersuppressedordisappearedentirely.（然而，隨著時(shí)間的推移，有組織的宗教開始在古代文明中涌現(xiàn)，所以薩滿教要么被壓制，要么完全消失。），可知在這之前其他宗教沒有出現(xiàn)，推測這里指其他宗教被建立，所以B選項(xiàng)“被建立”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“得到普及”，C選項(xiàng)“鼓舞人們”和D選項(xiàng)“引起問題”語義不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“世界上許多文化都曾經(jīng)存在過某種形式的薩滿教”：根據(jù)第一段第三句PeopleinmostancientculturespracticedShamanisminsomeformduringtheirhistories.（在大多數(shù)古代文化中，人們在他們的歷史中都以某種形式信奉薩滿教。），可知許多文化都存在過某種形式的薩滿教，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“薩滿教作為人類的信仰體系已經(jīng)存在了幾千年”：根據(jù)第一段第二句thereisevidenceofshamanismexistinginNeolithictimesthousandsofyearsago（有證據(jù)表明，薩滿教存在于幾千年前的新石器時(shí)代），可知薩滿教已存在幾千年，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“各文化薩滿教在某些方面的傾向于不同”：根據(jù)第一段第四句mostculturesaddedtheirownuniqueaspects（大多數(shù)文化都添加了自己獨(dú)特的方面），可知各個(gè)文化的薩滿教不盡相同，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“這是許多有組織的宗教建立的靈感”：文章沒有提到其他宗教的建立和薩滿教的關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Amongthemweretheperceivedabilitiestocommunicatewiththespiritualworld,totraveltothatworld,toseethefuture,tohealthesick,andtoguidethedeadtotheirfinalrestingplace.（其中包括與精神世界溝通的感知能力，去那個(gè)世界旅行，看到未來，治愈病人，引導(dǎo)死者到他們最后的安息之地），perceived意思是感知到的，結(jié)合句意可知這種感知能力是一種天賦，所以A選項(xiàng)innate“天生的”符合題意，故正確。B選項(xiàng)supposed“假設(shè)的；期望的”，C選項(xiàng)invaluable“無價(jià)的”和D選項(xiàng)imaginary“想象的”語義不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句shamansleftnowrittenrecords,soitisdifficultformodernanthropologiststounderstandmanyaspectsofshamanisminancientcultures（薩滿教沒有留下任何書面記錄，因此現(xiàn)代人類學(xué)家很難了解古代文化中薩滿教的許多方面），可知現(xiàn)在人們很難了解古薩滿是因?yàn)闆]有書面記錄，所以C選項(xiàng)“在過去，從來沒有記錄關(guān)于薩滿的知識”正確，A選項(xiàng)“很少找到記載關(guān)于薩滿的知識的書籍”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很難理解久遠(yuǎn)的薩滿教思想”和D選項(xiàng)“如今，大多數(shù)薩滿不愿意把他們的知識傳授給別人”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段第三句Today,shamanismhasbecomemoreaccepted,anditispracticedopenlyinnumerousplacesaroundtheworld,includinginmodernsocietiesinNorthAmerica,SouthAmericaandAsia.（如今，薩滿教已經(jīng)被越來越多的人接受，并且在世界各地的許多地方公開運(yùn)用，包括在北美、南美和亞洲的現(xiàn)代社會。），可知薩滿教在現(xiàn)在也有人接受，所以C選項(xiàng)“即使在世界上最現(xiàn)代的社會，一些人也足夠開明，接受薩滿教”正確。A選項(xiàng)“世界上只有美洲和亞洲的薩滿教仍然存在”：這里沒有提到薩滿教存在的地區(qū)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“有幾個(gè)大洲的薩滿教在思想開放的地區(qū)運(yùn)用，所以不怕被鎮(zhèn)壓”：文章沒有提到薩滿教是否怕被鎮(zhèn)壓，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橐恍┐箨懮系娜藗儯_滿教沒有被遺忘，仍然存在”：沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)因?yàn)榇箨懮系娜怂龅男袨樽屗_滿教繼續(xù)存在，主要是各部落的努力，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.belittled貶低；小看B.foiled挫?。蛔柚?/p>

C.offset抵消；彌補(bǔ)D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)so…that可知，此處是結(jié)果狀語從句，根據(jù)前半句句意“那位年輕女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年輕女子太漂亮了，使舞會上的其他婦女黯然失色。

11.單選題

Humansare______,which

enablesthemtomakedecisionsevenwhentheycan’t

justify

why.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.reasonable

C.hesitant

D.intuitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable“公道的，通情達(dá)理的”；hesitant“遲疑的，猶豫不定的”；intuitive“直覺的，憑直覺獲知的”。句意：人類是有直覺的，這讓他們在找不到合適的理由時(shí)也能做決定。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thenoiseofhisloudvoice（

）whatthegirlwastryingtotellus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.covered

B.suppressed

C.drowned

D.deadened

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:他大聲喧嘩使得我們無法聽清楚女孩設(shè)法告訴我們什么。

covert:隱藏的,隱蔽的。suppress:抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓,控制。drown:淹沒,蓋沒。deaden:減弱，緩和。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

Thetwofriendssatinacornerand（）awaytoeachotherabouttheweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.talked

B.chatted

C.muttered

D.whispered

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕噥，喃喃自語；whisper低聲說；chataway意為閑談，其他選項(xiàng)均不能和away搭配使用。

14.單選題

Hecarriedtheparcelhomehimself,buthe（）so,theshopcouldhavesentit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotneedtodo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustnothavedone

D.couldn’thavedone

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)didnotneedtodo“（過去）沒必要/不需要做這事”，B選項(xiàng)needn'thavedone，need情態(tài)動(dòng)詞就完成時(shí)表示“本來無必要做這事（卻做了）”，C選項(xiàng)mustnothavedone“禁止這樣做”；mustnot表示禁止，語氣強(qiáng)硬，一般情況下后面不跟動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)couldn’thavedone“不能做這事(但做了)，”句意：他自己把包裹帶回家，但他_______，商店可以把包裹寄給他。句子表達(dá)的意思是商店可以把包裹寄給他，所以他過去沒必要自己搬回包裹，表示過去沒必要做，但是做了的事情，所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一句中提到的“不尋常的特征或情況”是什么？’根據(jù)第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地帶是干燥的大陸性氣候，動(dòng)物和植被與同緯度的相似，但是與更北的地區(qū)有些不同，那里更干燥?！笨梢酝浦狝項(xiàng)動(dòng)植物生長模式‘’符合其特征。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.這種植物的品種也同樣有限，一些觀察人士發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是相對肥沃的東部藏谷，也不超過70種植物。只有不到10種糧食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也許可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜。”可知B項(xiàng)‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.這些困難肯定對當(dāng)?shù)睾髞聿煌瑢こ５囊黄薅喾蛑频某霈F(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了影響”可知，可知C選項(xiàng)‘典型的藏族社會家庭組織’符合。所以ABC選項(xiàng)都談及到了這種不尋常的特征，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一個(gè)地區(qū)的生態(tài)只造成該地區(qū)居民所面臨的一些問題，而一種文化所面臨的問題雖然對其發(fā)展很重要，但并不能決定它的發(fā)展。’指出生態(tài)會影響但不決定人文風(fēng)氣。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.總而言之，盡管可以提出論點(diǎn)說，由于土地的嚴(yán)酷條件，已經(jīng)存在的一妻多夫制得到了加強(qiáng)和保護(hù)(就目前而言)，但在這種情況下，把任何性質(zhì)更強(qiáng)的原因因素都?xì)w罪于生態(tài)影響，那肯定是言過其實(shí)了?！闭劶爱?dāng)?shù)匾黄薅喾蛑频纳鐣M織結(jié)構(gòu)可能受到生態(tài)該環(huán)境的影響。因此，可推知A選項(xiàng)“分析青藏地區(qū)生態(tài)和社會之間的可能因果聯(lián)系”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未談及作者自己的經(jīng)歷和研究，而是分別引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的觀點(diǎn)，因此，作者對青藏高原的了解是C選項(xiàng)‘源于書本’。

推理判斷題。題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪項(xiàng)最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介紹了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤的觀點(diǎn)作為文化決定因素?！币虼?，可以推知‘孟德斯鳩是環(huán)境決定論支持者，即外部環(huán)境決定人文風(fēng)氣’，C選項(xiàng)“在共享土地和氣候的同一個(gè)地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的觀點(diǎn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘更新世冰蝕以后，仍然存在于西藏的動(dòng)植物群可以成為大陸性的動(dòng)植物群，是因?yàn)槭裁矗俊鶕?jù)第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期結(jié)束后，原始大陸物種中僅存少數(shù)種類的生物?！彼裕鼈儽环Q為大陸性動(dòng)植物群是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)‘它們原來是在大陸性氣候中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的’。

16.單選題

Absorbedinherwork,shewastotally（）hersurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liablefor

B.obliviousof

C.competitivewith

D.ingeniousat

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)liablefor“對……有責(zé)任”；B選項(xiàng)obliviousof“未覺察”；C選項(xiàng)competitivewith“可與……競爭”；D選項(xiàng)ingeniousat“善于”。句意：她沉迷于自己的工作中，完全沒有覺察到周圍的事物。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Itisnotimprobablethatsomescrupulouspeoplemightbeapttocensuresuchapracticeasalittleborderinguponcruelty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meticulous

B.contemplative

C.imprudent

D.trifle

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.meticulous一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的B.contemplative沉思的，冥想的

C.imprudent輕率的，魯莽的D.trifle（名詞）少量，瑣事

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】劃線單詞scrupulous在句中表示“細(xì)心的，小心謹(jǐn)慎的”，A選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞含義最為接近，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】有些一絲不茍的人可能會傾向于譴責(zé)這種做法有點(diǎn)近乎殘忍，這是不大可能的。

18.單選題

Casesinvolvingyoungpeopleunder18areheardinspeciallyconstitutedchildrencourts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.junior

B.youth

C.infantile

D.juvenile

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)junior“年輕人（是一個(gè)相對的概念，比……年輕/低一等級）”；B選項(xiàng)youth“青年，青春（一般指10歲到20歲多一點(diǎn)的男青年）”；C選項(xiàng)infantile“嬰兒的”；D選項(xiàng)juvenile“青少年的，幼稚的（是法律用語）”。句意：涉及18歲以下青少年的案件由專門設(shè)立的兒童法庭審理。由于原句是涉及到法庭案件，并且兒童是年紀(jì)稍小的，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Expertsbelievethelargenumberofcancercasesintheareais______thenewnuclearpowerstation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultedfrom

B.concernedabout

C.relatedto

D.dependenton

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.resultedfrom起因于，由……引起B(yǎng).concernedabout關(guān)心

C.relatedto與……有關(guān)D.dependenton依賴于，依靠

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由thelargenumberofcancercases（大量的癌癥病例）與newnuclearpowerstation（新核電站）可知，它們兩個(gè)之間是“有聯(lián)系的”，而且berelatedto表示“與……有關(guān)”符合句意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意；

A選項(xiàng)resultfrom本身就有被動(dòng)的含義在里面，所以前面不需要be動(dòng)詞，故排除。

【句意】專家認(rèn)為該地區(qū)大量的癌癥病例與新核電站有關(guān)。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcr