考研考博-英語-廣州科技職業(yè)技術大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州科技職業(yè)技術大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

問題1選項

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。句子結構完整，所以空格處應該是做修飾的成分。A項as引導方式狀語，表示“按照……”，B項本身不符合語法結構；C項不應再出現(xiàn)謂語動詞was；D項that在引導一個缺成分的從句，不符合語法結構。句意：托馬斯?潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不諱地說出他所理解的真相。故正確答案為A。

2.單選題

InNovember1987thegovernment（）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.designed

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】initiated開始,開創(chuàng)；designed設計,計劃；induced引誘,說服；promoted促進,提升。句意：1987年11月,政府開始就官方體育政策的未來方向進行公開辯論。選項A符合原文。

3.單選題

Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat（

）loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

問題1選項

A.compressing

B.terminating

C.conforming

D.contending

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:這些問題應該認真的探討，要充分意識到終止貸款協(xié)議及其他事項是要花成本的。

compress(被)壓緊;精簡;濃縮;壓縮;壓縮(文件等)。terminate(使)停止，結束，終止;到達終點站。conform順從，順應(大多數(shù)人或社會);隨潮流;遵守。contend(尤指在爭論中)聲稱，主張，認為;競爭;爭奪。

4.單選題

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

問題1選項

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因為我的蛀牙很嚴重,牙醫(yī)不得不拔掉它。

考查形近詞辨析。Extricate使解脫,解救;exterminate消滅,根除;eradicate鏟除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

5.問答題

ThedropinthepriceofBrentcrudefromahighofmorethan$115abarrelinJunetolessthan

A

$60earlierthismonthhasputextramoneyintoconsumer’spocketsandboosted

B

C

fuel-intensivebusinesses,whilecuttingoilcompanies’revenuesandstokingfinancialcrisesin

D

oil-producingcountriesincludingRussiaandVenezuela.

【答案】試題答案：C;consumers’

【解析】考查名詞所有格。根據語義可知此處的消費者不止一個，以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞的所有格直接加“'”，consumers’意為“消費者的”。

6.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.Yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.Theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句話通常點出主旨大意。通篇文章都在談論人們由于對工作沒有激情和興趣而找不到存在感，生活在巨大的焦慮之中的現(xiàn)實。所以C選項“社會中毫不重要的一個小部分，盡管一切運作正常”符合題意。

2.根據文章第二段的最后一句話‘Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.他們生活和死亡從來沒有面對過人類作為情感和智力獨立和有生產力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實?！_定真正的原因是作為“情感與理智上獨立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的”個人被忽視。D選項正確。選項A、B只是部分原因，不是真正的原因；C的意思與文章內容相悖。

3.語義推測題。文章第三段開頭提到‘Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.生活在社會上層階級的人需要面對更為激烈的競爭，因此面臨著更大的焦慮，同時也更沒有安全感‘。所以A和B選項排除。第三段最后一句提到“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.一個人需要頻繁地去證實他不比其競爭者差或比他更好，這樣頻繁的焦慮和壓力正是人類抑郁和生病的原因?！保訡選項排除。所以正確答案為D。

4.語義理解題。文章最后一段作者提到了解決方法：Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度的生產和消費為目的的官僚主義管理的工業(yè)主義轉變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)主義中，人和充分發(fā)揮他的潛力---即愛和理性的潛力---是一切社會安排的目標。作者不贊同回到工業(yè)革命前的生產模式或是19世紀自由市場資本主義，所以A和B選項排除。作者贊同旨在激發(fā)人類愛和理智無限潛能的社會事業(yè)，所以C選項正確。D選項文章沒有提及，排除。

5.作者觀點題。作者提出了由于工業(yè)主義后在社會上產生的焦慮，但是文章最后一段，作者并不僅僅是表達對現(xiàn)狀的不滿意，而是以寬容的方式提出更好的建議來改善現(xiàn)狀。所以D選項“寬容”符合題意。A“贊同”和C“懷疑”都不符合文意，排除。B‘不滿’比較片面，排除。

7.單選題

Volcanicfireandglacialicearenaturalenemies.Eruptionsatglaciatedvolcanoestypicallydestroyicefields,astheydidin1980when70%ofMountSaintHelensicecoverwasdemolished.Duringlongdormantintervals,glaciersgaintheupperhandcuttingdeeplyintovolcanicconesandeventuallyreducingthemtorubble.OnlyrarelydothesecompetingforcesofheatandcoldoperateinperfectbalancetocreateaphenomenonsuchasthesteamcavesatMountRainierNationalPark.

LocatedinsideRainier’stwoice-filledsummitcraters,thesecavesformalabyrinthoftunnelsandvaultedchambersaboutoneandone-halfmilesintotallength.Theircreationdependsonanunusualcombinationoffactorsthatnaturealmostneverbringstogetherinoneplace.Thecave-makingrecipecallsforasteadyemissionofvolcanicgasandheat,aheavyannualsnowfallatanelevationhighenoughtokeepitfrommeltingduringthesummer,andabowl-shapedcratertoholdthesnow.

SnowaccumulatingyearlyinRainier’ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformoficecalledfirm,asubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystallineicethatmakesupglaciers.Heatrisingfromnumerousopening(calledfumaroles)alongtheinnercraterwallsmeltsoutchambersbetweentherockywallsandtheoverlyingicepack.Circulatingcurrentsofwarmairthenmeltadditionalopeningsinthefirmice,eventuallyconnectingtheindividualchambersand,inthelargerofRainier’stwocraters,formingacontinuouspassagewaythatextendstwo-thirdsofthewayaroundthecratersinterior.

Tomaintainthecavesystem,theelementsoffireundericemustremaininequilibrium.Enoughsnowmustfillthecratereachyeartoreplacethatmeltedfrombelow.Iftoomuchvolcanicheatisdischarged,thecrater’sicepackwillmeltawayentirelyandthecaveswillvanishalongwiththesnowsofyesteryear.Iftoolittleheatisproduced,theice,replenishedannuallybywintersnowstorms,willexpand,pushingagainsttheenclosingcraterwallsandsmotheringthepresentcavernsinsolidfirnice.

31.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

32.Accordingtothepassage,longperiodsofvolcanicinactivitycanleadtoavolcaniccone’s______.

33.ThesecondparagraphmentionsallofthefollowingasnecessaryelementsinthecreationofsteamcavesEXCEPT______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,heatfromMountRainier’ssummitcratersrisesfrom______.

35.“smothering”(Paragraph4)means______.

問題1選項

A.TheimportanceofsnowfallforMountRainier.

B.ThesteamcavesofMountRainier’s.

C.Howicecoversaredestroyed.

D.TheeruptionofMountSaintHelensin1980.

問題2選項

A.strongeruption

B.suddengrowth

C.destruction

D.unpredictability

問題3選項

A.aglacier

B.acrater

C.heat

D.snow

問題4選項

A.crystallineice

B.firns

C.chambers

D.fumaroles

問題5選項

A.eliminate

B.enlarged

C.prevented

D.hollowed

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要討論什么主題？”。文章第一段通過火山火和冰川冰的競爭引出雷尼爾山國家公園的蒸汽洞穴的話題，隨即第二段介紹了蒸汽洞穴形成的特征，第三段講述冰川與火山口相互作用形成蒸汽洞的具體過程，最后一段講述了蒸汽洞的維持需要熱與雪在火山口的獨特平衡。綜上所述，這篇文章主要討論的是雷尼爾山的蒸汽洞穴，B項“雷尼爾山的蒸汽洞穴”正確。A項“降雪對雷尼爾山的重要性”屬于以偏概全。C項“冰雪是如何被破壞的”和D項“1980年圣海倫斯火山爆發(fā)”只是少部分提及或者舉例，也屬于以偏概全。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

32.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據這篇文章，長時間的火山不活動會導致火山錐的……”。定位第一段第三句Duringlongdormantintervals,glaciersgaintheupperhandcuttingdeeplyintovolcanicconesandeventuallyreducingthemtorubble.（在長時間的休眠期間，冰川占據上風，深深地切割火山錐，最終將它們夷為平地）可知，如果火山長時間不活動，那么冰川會把火山錐夷為平地，C項“破壞”正確。A項“強烈的火山噴發(fā)”和B項“突然的增長”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。D項“不可預測性”屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“第二段提到了除了……以外的所有蒸汽洞穴的必要元素”。定位第二段第二句Thecave-makingrecipecallsforasteadyemissionofvolcanicgasandheat,aheavyannualsnowfallatanelevationhighenoughtokeepitfrommeltingduringthesummer,andabowl-shapedcratertoholdthesnow.（建造洞穴的方法需要穩(wěn)定的火山氣體和熱量的釋放，在海拔足夠高的地方每年有大量的降雪，以防止在夏季融化，還有一個碗狀的火山口來容納雪）可知，蒸汽洞穴的必要元素是火山口、降雪和熱量，B項“火山口”、C項“熱”和D項“雪”都正確。只有A項“冰川”沒提到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

34.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據這篇文章，雷尼爾山山頂火山口的熱量從……上升”。定位第三段第二句Heatrisingfromnumerousopening(calledfumaroles)alongtheinnercraterwallsmeltsoutchambersbetweentherockywallsandtheoverlyingicepack.（沿著火山口內壁的大量噴氣孔上升的熱量融化了巖壁和上面的冰袋之間的洞穴）可知，D項“噴氣孔”正確。定位第一句SnowaccumulatingyearlyinRainier’ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformoficecalledfirn,asubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystallineicethatmakesupglaciers.（在雷尼爾山頂?shù)碾E石坑里，每年積累的雪被壓實并壓縮成一種稱為硬冰的密集形式，這種物質介于普通冰和構成冰川的更致密的結晶冰之間）可知，A項“結晶冰”和B項“積雪”與題干無關，屬于出處錯位。C項“洞穴”也屬于出處錯位。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第四段的smothering的意思是……”。定位第四段最后一句Iftoolittleheatisproduced,theice,replenishedannuallybywintersnowstorms,willexpand,pushingagainsttheenclosingcraterwallsandsmotheringthepresentcavernsinsolidfirnice.（如果產生的熱量太少，每年由冬季暴風雪補充的冰就會膨脹，擠壓周圍的隕石坑壁，并用堅實的冰smothering現(xiàn)在的洞穴），結合前一句Iftoomuchvolcanicheatisdischarged,thecrater’sicepackwillmeltawayentirelyandthecaveswillvanishalongwiththesnowsofyesteryear.（如果火山釋放出過多的熱量，火山口的冰塊將完全融化，洞穴將和去年的雪一起消失），這兩句分別是闡述熱量過少和熱量過多時，蒸汽洞穴的變化，前一句提到了vanish，所以smothering的意思也和vanish相近，表示“消失”，A項“消除”符合題意。B項“放大”、C項“預防”和D項“挖空”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

8.單選題

Myshoulderhurt（）eachtimeIputanotherfullbarrelonit,andmylegsoccasionallytrembledasIwasheadingtothestreet.

問題1選項

A.wickedly

B.typically

C.ultimately

D.vainly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。wickedly“惡劣地，居心叵測的”；typically“代表性地，作為特色地”；ultimately“最后，根本”；vainly“徒勞地，無益地”。句意：每次我把裝滿東西的桶放我肩上時，我的肩膀就疼得厲害，當我走向街頭時，我的腿也是不是打顫。能修飾hurt的只有wickedly。故A項正確。

9.單選題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:“Areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?”TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants’impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestressthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation’sfearsandinsecurities.There’ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren’tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat’sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration’simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers—meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants’accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.“Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.“Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”Toobadmostpeopledon’trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebatedoverimmigration?

問題1選項

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit’sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

問題2選項

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

問題3選項

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

問題4選項

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudge.

問題5選項

A.Eveneconomistscan’treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.絕大多數(shù)美國民眾認為移民是有害的。然而，大多數(shù)經濟學家的共識是，無論是合法的還是非法的移民，都對經濟有小小的促進作用?！笨芍娕c經濟學家就移民是好還是壞有不同的看法。故D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes，andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.移民提供了廉價的勞動力，降低了從農產品到新住房等一切商品的價格，讓消費者口袋里多了一些錢?！笨芍泼窠o普通美國人帶來的好處是：降低了物價，使他們手中能有多一些錢。故B項正確。

3.推理判斷題.由題干關鍵詞“nativelow-skilledworkers”定位到第三段倒數(shù)一、二句“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.本地的低技能工人在與外國勞工的競爭中受害最深。根據哈佛大學經濟學家GeorgeBorjas的一項研究，從1980年到2000年，移民使美國高中輟學生的工資下降了9%?！笨芍狢項“他們很難找到一份薪水體面的工作”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.換句話說，他們最擔心的是移民帶來的財政負擔?！笨芍狣項“它會給國家預算帶來很大壓力”正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.具有諷刺意味的是，盡管所有的爭論都過于激烈，移民的凈影響卻微乎其微。即使對那些受影響最嚴重的人——比如，低技能工人或加州居民——影響也不那么顯著。”可知C項“人們對影響不大的事情大驚小怪”正確，即人們對于移民的影響過于大驚小怪。

10.翻譯題

1.ThecostofhealthcareisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheUnitedStates,and,asmostpeopleknowfromexperience,drugpricesareagrowingpartoftheproblem.

2.Althoughdrugspendingrepresentsonly12percentoftotalhealthcosts，itisrisingatanannualrateof10to12percent—morethanfourtimestherateofinflation—andwillsoonovertakephysicianfeesasthesecondlargestpartofthehealth-carebill,alterhospitalizationcosts.Whyisthishappening?Unlikeotheradvancedcountries,theUnitesStatesdoesn’tregulatedrugcosts.

3.Privateinsurersbargainwithmanufacturersfordiscountsonthemedicinestheycover,butthedrugindustryhaslongstymiedsucheffortsbythefederalgovernment.TheresultisthatAmericanspayroughlytwiceasmuchasCanadiansorEuropeansforbrand-namemedications

4.Theproblemisreachingcrisisproportions—andwithoutboldreforms,itwillgetworse.Thepharmaceuticalindustryclaimsthathighpricesarenecessarytocoveritsresearchanddevelopmentcosts.5.Thetruthisthatin2002,thetop10Americandrugcompanieshadamedianprofitmarginof17percent,comparedwithlessthan3.1percentfortheotherFortune500industries.

【答案】1.醫(yī)療保健費用是美國面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一，而且，正如大多數(shù)人從經驗中知道的那樣，藥價是問題日益嚴重的一部分。

2.雖然藥物支出僅占總醫(yī)療費用的12%，年率上升10%到12%——超過通貨膨脹率的四倍，很快就會超越醫(yī)生診療費用，成為第二大醫(yī)療保健法案的一部分，改變住院費用。

3.私人保險公司與制造商討價還價，爭取他們承保的藥品的折扣，但制藥業(yè)長期以來一直阻撓聯(lián)邦政府的這類努力。

4.這個問題正達到危機的程度——如果不進行大膽的改革，它將變得更糟。

5.事實是，2002年，美國前十大制藥公司的利潤率中值為17%，而其他財富500強行業(yè)的利潤率中值不到3.1%。

11.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Heistheheadofthehospital.

B.HeisinchargeofPediatrics.

C.HewentoutlookingforDan.

D.HewenttoMichiganonbusiness.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Hello,thisisDonNorthfromPediatrics.I’dlikeawordwithDoctorWilsonifit’spossible.

W:I’msorry,butheleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning.Hewasinfactlookingforyoujustbeforeheleft.

Q:WhatistrueaboutDoctorWilson?

【解析】細節(jié)題。對話中說到：heleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning，即DoctorWilson今早前往密歇根參加會議。

12.單選題

Likemanyothersmallboys,Iwasfascinatedbycars,notleastbecausemyoldestbrotherwasabitofacarguyandsubscribedtocoolmagazineslikeCarandDriverandMotorTrend.Everysooften,oneofthosemagazineswouldrunanarticleonthe“CaroftheFuture”.Theyfeaturedunconventionalstylingandthingslikesmallnuclearreactorsaspowersources.Yet,frankly,mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo.Itgoes,itstops,itburnsgasoline,itplaysmusic.Istillhavetosteerit,anditstillrunsintothingsifIdon’tsteeritcarefully.

Butguesswhat?Allofthesethingsaresubjecttochangeinthenot-so-distantfuture.Itwillstillgoandstop,butitmaynotburngasoline.Imaynothavetosteerit,anditmaybealotbetteratnotrunningintothings.

Airbagsaren’tthebe-allandend-allinsafety.Infact,consideringtherecentnewsaboutpeopleoccasionallybeingkilledbytheirairbagsinlow-speedcollisions（碰撞）,theyobviouslystillneedsomedevelopment.Buttheyaren’tgoingaway,andinfactyoucanexpecttoseecarsappearingwithadditional,side-impactairbags,somethingsomeEuropeancarmanufacturersalreadyoffer.

Betterthansystemstominimize（使減少到最低限度）injuryintheeventofanaccident,however,aresystemsthatminimizethelikelihoodofanaccidenthappeninginthefirstplace.Futurecarsmaybeabletoeliminatemanyofthemajorcausesofaccidents,includingdrunk-driving,tailgatingandsleepiness.Carscouldbeequippedwithsensorsthatcandetectalcoholinadriver’ssystemandpreventthecarfrombeingstarted,forexample.Manyaccidentsarecausedbypeoplefollowingthecarinfronttooclosely.Asearlyasnextyear,you’llbeabletobuycarswithradar-equippedcontrolsystems.Iftheradardeterminesyou’reclosingtooquicklywiththecarinfront,itwilleaseuponthethrottle.Forcitystreets,expectotherradardevicesthatwillgiveadvancewarningthatthecarinfrontofyouhasslowedsuddenlyandyoushouldsteponthebrakes—orthatmayevenbrakeforyou.

Willcarseventuallybeabletodrivethemselves?There’snoreasontothinkitwon’tbetechnicallypossible,andMercedesisworkingonasystemthatcanbrake,accelerateandsteeravehicledownahighwayonitsown.Nobodyreallyexpectspeopletogiveupallcontroltotheircars,butsuchsystemscouldbeusedasfailsafe（安全的）systemstokeepcarsontheroadandbringthemsafelytoastopevenifthedriversuddenlybecamedisabled.

1.Theauthorwasfascinatedbycarsbecause_____.

2.Bysay“mycardoesn’tdoanythingthatmybrother’sStudebakerdidn’tdo”(Line-5-6,para.1),theauthormeansthat.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofairbags?

4.Whatwillfuturecarsdoifthesensorsdetectalcoholinthedriver’ssystem?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.othersmallboyslikedtoownacaroftheirown,too

B.hereadexotic