考研考博-英語-新疆理工學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆理工學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

SomestatesintheUShaveset（）standardsconcerningmathandsciencetests.

問題1選項

A.energetic

B.vigorous

C.rigorous

D.grave

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項energetic“精力充沛的，積極的”，B項vigorous“有力的”，C項rigorous“嚴厲的，嚴格的”，D項grave“重大的，嚴肅的”；根據(jù)空格后面的standard（標準）以及關(guān)鍵詞mathandsciencetests（數(shù)學和科學測試），結(jié)合句子的語境，只有C項符合。句意：美國的一些州已經(jīng)為數(shù)學和科學考試設(shè)置了嚴格的標準。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

問題1選項

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

問題2選項

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

問題3選項

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題4選項

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

問題5選項

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來的壓力，今天報告了一個新的警報理由。盡管人口的增長率在下降，但個體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）也就是說生物多樣性的減少是由于個體家庭數(shù)量的激增，因此A選項符合題意。B選項“人類正在威脅許多野生動物”；文章沒有提到；C選項“近年來人口一直在減少”，不是原因；D選項“野生動物依賴更多的個體家庭”，無關(guān)項。

57.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第一句話Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在規(guī)模更大的家庭中，資源消耗的效率會高得多，因為更多的人分享東西。）因此A選項“大家庭在消耗自然資源方面比小家庭更有效率”正確。B選項“無論是大家庭還是小家庭都需要相同數(shù)量的自然資源”；C選項“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D選項“大家庭生活更節(jié)儉”都是原文沒有提到的。

58.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當?shù)厝丝谠鲩L了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長得更快，從而對竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）可知，小規(guī)模家庭的增多，意味著對自然生態(tài)的破壞就越多，生物的多樣性就會減少，因此D選項“個體家庭的增加導致了生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項“當?shù)厝瞬唤橐獗Ｗo自然環(huán)境”，并沒有體現(xiàn)；B選項“當?shù)厝藨撨M一步控制人口的增長”，過度推斷；C選項“當?shù)厝丝诘脑黾訉е铝松锒鄻有缘臏p少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小規(guī)模家庭的增多，錯誤。

59.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段最后一句話Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（環(huán)保人士聲稱，地球上四分之一到一半的物種可能在下個世紀滅絕。）通過這句話可知，人口的增多，將導致更多的生物物種在下個世紀滅絕。因此D選項“下個世紀將有更多的野生物種滅絕”正確。A選項“下個世紀人們生活水平的下降”；B選項“下個世紀生活環(huán)境的惡化”以及C選項“下個世紀更多野生物種的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意題。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來的壓力，今天報告了一個新的警報理由。盡管人口的增長率在下降，但個體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當?shù)厝丝谠鲩L了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長得更快，從而對竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）都可以得知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)小規(guī)模家庭的增多，勢必會消耗更多的能源，破壞更多的生態(tài)平衡，也就導致了生物多樣性的減少，因此C選項“地球的生物多樣性也與家庭的數(shù)量有關(guān)”正確。A選項“人口的增長導致了對自然世界更多的破壞”；B選項“動物數(shù)量的減少是由于自然界生物多樣性的減少”以及“地球的生物多樣性依賴于大大小小的家庭的平衡增長”，都不能闡釋文章的主題。

3.單選題

Ourcartrunk（）withsuitcasesandwecouldhardlymakeroomforanything.

問題1選項

A.wentcramming

B.wascrammed

C.iscramming

D.wasbeencrammed

【答案】B

【解析】becrammedwith為固定搭配，意為“被填滿”。選項B表述正確。

4.單選題

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

問題1選項

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析。句意:證券交易所今早股價大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新獲得(所有權(quán));recover恢復;restore恢復...存在或使用;revive恢復；復興,多指某國或某一區(qū)域經(jīng)濟蕭條后振興。因此這里選B合適。

5.單選題

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

問題1選項

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。contribute“貢獻，出力”；attribute“歸因于”。詞組attributeto通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，選項C可排除。句意：有人認為家庭破裂是許多棘手的社會問題的主要原因。上世紀80年代，兒童貧困的急劇增加，有一半以上的問題要歸因于貧困。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

問題1選項

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身體不舒服”。句意：你注意到她蒼白的臉沒？我覺得在昨天的聚會上，她不太舒服。C項符合題意。

7.單選題

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

問題1選項

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

問題2選項

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

問題3選項

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

問題4選項

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

問題5選項

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行為加劇了可移植器官的短缺。B項（政府政策的不作為）正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一行，該處講到“政府對待尸體問題……，給我們社會中最弱勢的群體一個打擊（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又講到“它造成的一個令人沮喪（depressing）的后果是等待名單上很大一部分人飛到國外從第三世界捐贈者那里購買活體器官，而這在英國是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在這里應該表示的是“謹慎的，顧慮重重的”。因此，B項“hesitant（猶豫的；躊躇的）”正確。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人擔憂的是，《人體組織法案》中明顯的道德短視似乎影響了當代醫(yī)學倫理學辯論的各個方面）。因此，C項（《人體組織法案》是重要醫(yī)學研究的障礙）正確。

4.態(tài)度題。A項（死亡面前人人平等），B項（更多的科學家需要醫(yī)學進步），C項（醫(yī)學倫理學有雙重標準），D項（死者應該與生者獲得同等關(guān)注）。第一段反駁了A項；B選項偷換概念，排除；D項文章沒有體現(xiàn)。因此選項C正確。

4.態(tài)度題。作者是對政府政策持批判態(tài)度的。因此，C項（美國立法者）正確。

8.單選題

Throughouttheages,（）acommonobservation（）certaindiseasesareassociatedwithparticularemotionsandattitudes.

問題1選項

A.it’s...that

B.it’swhich

C.it’sbeen...that

D.it’sbeen...which

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子意思，可知空格應該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示從古至今，選項A和B可排除。又根據(jù)特殊句型，it充當了形式主語，所以that引導真正的主語從句，that無實義，只起引導和連接作用。選項C符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WillteleportationbecomearealityintimeforGeneralRelativity’s100thbirthday?THEYEAR2015isthe100thanniversaryofthepublicationofAlbertEinstein’sfirstpapersonrelativity.(46)ThisrevolutionarytheoryofphysicschangedourviewoftheUniverseandopenedupmanypossibilities,suchastheuseofatomicenergy,whichhadneverbeendreamedofbefore.

Teleportationisonedreamthat’syettobeachieved.Insciencefiction,teleportationmeansdisintegratinganobjectinoneplacewhileaperfectreplicaappearssomewhereelse.ThetransporterofStarTrekisprobablythebest-knownexample.Ironically,alimitedkindofteleportationhasbeenachievedthroughrelativity’s“rival”ofquantumtheory.(47)AsreportedinFocus272,quantumteleportationinvolvestransferringinformationonaquantumsystem—thatis,asmallasimplesystemsuchasasinglephoton—fromoneplacetoanother.Suchexperimentsmayleadtoadvancesincommunicationsandcomputing:wemayevenseea“quantuminternet”.

(48)Buttheseexperimentshaveyettobescaleduptoasystemaslargeasamolecule,letaloneCaptainKirk.Besides,StarTrektransportersdon’tseemtoworkonquantumeffects.InoneStarTrek:TheNextGenerationepisode,Dataexplainsthattransporterworkbyconvertingsomeoneintoanenergybeam,thenbacktotheiroriginalpattern.Einstein’srelativitydidprovethatenergyandmassareequivalent.ButinThePhysicsofStarTrek(1995),physicistLawrenceKraussshowsthattobeamahumanmightrequire10,000timesthecurrentpoweroutputofEarth.

Teleportationisastubborndream.StoriesofmattertransmittersgobacktoEdwardPageMitchell’s1877novelTheManWithoutABody,withrootsinmythslikethe“seven-leagueboots”ofEuropeanfolklore.Ifweevercouldbuildateleporter,whatwouldwedowithit?

LarryNiven’s1973novelFlashCrowdshoweda2015transformedsince“displacementbooths”wereintroducedbackin1990.(49)Asyounolongerneededtoliveclosebyyourplaceofwork,citiesandsuburbsdissolved,whilepropertyvaluessoaredandcrashed.Thetitlerelatestoakindofpermanentfloatingriotthatisdrawntodisturbances.

IntheDoctorwhoserialTheSeedsofDeath(1969),anUN-runglobalteleportationcalledTravel-mat(T-mat)istheworld’ssolemeansoftransportation.(50)Thenetworkiscreakingbecauseofhumanfrailtyandmistakes,evenbeforedisasterstrikesintheformofaninvasionofIceWarriorsfromMars.WhenT-matisshutdown,withinhours“atotalbreakdownofsocialorder(is)predicted”.Thisstoryisametaphorforthedangersofover-relianceonasingletechnologicalsystem.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.這一革命性的物理學理論改變了我們對宇宙的看法，并開辟了許多可能性，如以前從未夢想過使用原子能。

47.正如《焦點272》所報道的，量子傳輸包括在量子系統(tǒng)上傳輸信息，也就是說，一個簡單的系統(tǒng)，比如將單個光子從一個地方傳輸?shù)搅硪粋€地方。

48.但這些實驗還沒有擴展到一個分子那么大的系統(tǒng)，更不用說《星際迷航》中的科克船長了。另外，《星際迷航》的傳送器似乎對量子效應不起作用。

49.當你不再需要住在離工作近的地方時，城市和郊區(qū)就消失了，而房地產(chǎn)價格飆升又暴跌。這本書與一種永久的浮動暴動有關(guān)，它被卷入了騷亂。

50.由于人類的軟弱和錯誤，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)不堪重負，甚至在災難來臨之前，就已經(jīng)有了來自火星的冰戰(zhàn)士的入侵。

10.翻譯題

1.Whenyouareinthebusinessofsendingspacecrafttootherplanets,itisprobablywisetodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourspace-probessterile(無菌的).NASA,America’sspaceagency,certainlydoesso.Afterall,youwouldnotwanthugsfromoneplanettocontaminateanotherwheretheymightpossiblythrive.

ButaccordingtoCurtMileikowsky,oftheRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,thismayalreadyhavehappenednaturallybillionsofyearsagowhenthesolarsystemwasyoung.ForDrMileikowskyhastakenacentury-oldideacalledpanspermia(有生源說),andshownthatitisplausible.

2.Panspermiaisthetheorythatlifedoesnotstartindependentlyoneachplanetthathasit(assumingthatotherplanetsdo).Rather,ithopsfromplacetoplace,“infecting”newworldsasitgoes.Supportedbyexpertsinbiology,geologyandcelestialmechanics,DrMileikowskyarguedtotheAmericanAstronomicalSocietymeetinginAtlantathatthisisnotasoutlandishasitsounds.

3.Bunglingspaceorganizationsapart,theonlymodeoftravelopentomicrobesseemstobemeteorites.Mostofthesearesmallbitsofjunkfromtheasteroid(小行星)beltthathavegoneoffcourse.Butsomearerocksthathavebeenflungintospacefromthesurfacesofplanetsasaresultofthoseplanetshavingbeenstruckbyevenlargerbitsofrock—decent—sizedasteroidsorcomets.

4.Ifthereislifeonsuchaplanet,microscopicformsofitwillprobablylivedeepinsiderocks,astheydoonearth.Theaccelerationoflift-offwouldnotkillsomethingthatsize.

5.Ifarockislargeenough,theheatgeneratedasitisthrownclearwillbenegligibleexceptatitssurface—where,ifanything,meltingmayevenproduceanairtightskintoprotectanymicrobesdeeperdownfromtheunpleasantvacuumofspace.

【答案】1.當我們發(fā)射宇宙飛船到其他星球時，盡可能使太空探測器保持無菌狀態(tài)是明智的。美國國家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是這樣做。畢竟，我們不會希望一個星球的污染波及另一個它們可能繁衍的地方。

但根據(jù)斯德哥爾摩皇家理工學院的庫特?米里科夫斯基的說法，這可能在幾十億年前太陽系統(tǒng)還很年輕的時候就已經(jīng)自然發(fā)生了。因為庫特?米里科夫斯基博士采用了一個有百年歷史的“有生源說”理論，并證明了它的合理性。

2.有生源說理論認為，生命并非獨立起源于擁有生命的各個行星（假設(shè)其他行星上也有生命）。而是從一個地方彈跳似的傳播到另一個地方，每到一個新世界就將那里“感染”。在生物學、地質(zhì)學和天體力學方面的專家的支持下，庫特?米里科夫斯基博士在亞特蘭大舉行的美國天文學會會議上指出，這也并沒有聽起來那么奇怪。

3.除了空間組織混亂之外，向微生物開放的唯一通道似乎是隕石。其中大多數(shù)是小行星帶上的少量垃圾，它們已經(jīng)偏離航向。但是，有些巖石卻被行星表面拋入太空，這是因為這些行星被更大的小塊巖石撞擊，這些巖石是大小適中的小行星或彗星。

4.如果在這樣的行星上存在生命，那么它的微觀形式可能會像在地球上一樣生活在深部的內(nèi)部巖石中。加速起飛不會殺死那么大的東西。

5.如果一塊巖石足夠大，那么它扔出去時所產(chǎn)生的熱量是微不足道的，除了在它的表面，在任何地方融化可能會產(chǎn)生不透氣的皮膚，以保護更深層的微生物免受空間真空的傷害。

11.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介詞by；B選項conform“順從，遵守，符合”；C選項concede“承認，允許”；D選項observe“觀察”，observe表示“遵守”時，是及物動詞，不與to搭配。根據(jù)thelaws可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：所有人都必須遵守本國政府制定的法律。

12.單選題

Oncethe____contradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.

問題1選項

A.principle

B.principal

C.potential

D.primitive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.principle原則；本質(zhì)B.principal主要的

C.potential潛在的D.primitive原始的

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“抓住____矛盾，一切問題就迎刃而解?！备鶕?jù)后文“一切問題就迎刃而解”推斷，前文指的是抓住了主要矛盾，B選項principal“主要的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項principle“原則；本質(zhì)”，形近詞，與contradiction“矛盾”不搭配；

C選項potential“潛在的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

D選項primitive“原始的”，形近詞，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】抓住了主要矛盾，一切問題就迎刃而解了。

13.單選題

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

問題1選項

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B選項primitive“原始的，遠古的；簡單的，粗糙的”；C選項primary“主要的；初級的；基本的”；D選項preliminary“初步的；開始的；預備的”。句意：在原始時代，人類旅行不是為了娛樂，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。因此B選項正確。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish

電子郵件對我們職業(yè)生涯和個人生活的影響非同一般。相隔千里的人們可以在短短的幾秒鐘之內(nèi)發(fā)送并接受詳盡的文件資料。這就使得人們能夠以一種前所未有的方式齊心協(xié)力，共同承擔大量的工程項目。通過電子郵件與國外的人通信、交換文件已成為司空見慣的事情。唯一的障礙是時區(qū)的不同。

【答案】Theeffectofe-mailonourcareerandpersonallifeisextraordinary.Peoplethousandsofmileswayawayfromeachcansendandreceivedetaileddocumentswithinjustafewseconds.Thisallowpeopletoworktogetherandjointlyundertakeagreatdealofprojectsinanunprecedentedway.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetocommunicateandexchangefileswithpeopleoverseasbye-mail.Theonlyobstacleisthedifferenceintimezones.

15.單選題

Wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin（）wehadtowalk.

問題1選項

A.particular

B.consequence

C.possession

D.succession

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。particular特別的，特色；consequence結(jié)果，因此；possession擁有，所有；succession

接連，避承權(quán)。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢賣車票，所以只能步行。選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

問題1選項

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞及名詞辨析。elite“精英；精華”；disenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的人”；reactionaries“反動派”；dissatisfied“不滿意的；不高興的”。句意：在社會穩(wěn)定時期，很多藝術(shù)學院被教條主義者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有創(chuàng)意的作品必須由那些被剝奪了權(quán)利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教條主義者控制”及“realcreativework真正有創(chuàng)意的作品”的對應知“真正有創(chuàng)意的作品都是由藝術(shù)學院里被剝奪了權(quán)利的人來完成。被教條主義控制意味著被剝奪了權(quán)利。

17.單選題

Henry'snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

問題1選項

A.clear

B.integrated

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。句意：亨利關(guān)于這次會議的新聞報道非常全面,

沒有遺漏任何東西。選項C符合句意。

18.不定項選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:else