2018年12月英語四級考試真題

2018年12月英語四級真題選詞填空PartA:選詞填空【試題】Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26. occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27. withairpollution.Onlyconsideringlostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28. likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29. overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30. itasan“urgentcalltoaction.” “Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31. ,”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslostlaborincome32. nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlowandmiddleincomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33. experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited34. tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedailments.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel35. havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachesinthetensofthousands.【解析】[F]damage解析：“Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious occurringinthedevelopingworld”由最高級限定"themostserious可知此處為名詞且內(nèi)容應與前半旬性質(zhì)相同，聯(lián)系句義選項[F]damage符合。[B]associated解析：“Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts withairpollution此處選詞需與介詞with搭配，聯(lián)系上下文，figures指代全球空氣污染相關的花費數(shù)據(jù)，選項 [B]associated符合句義。[M]sources解析：“Indoorpollution,whichincludes likehomeheatingandcooking,…”由介詞like可知homeheating與cooking為空格處選詞的舉例，聯(lián)系indoorpollution與homeheating/cooking的關系，可知此處 [M]sources符合。[D]constant解析： ”…，hasremainedoverthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea由”;despite可知空格處選詞與后文advances成轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，且后文outdoorpollution部分描述的是污染趨勢 (havegrownrapidly)，聯(lián)系動詞remain的詞義與常見搭配，選項[D]constant符合句義。[G]described解析：“ChrisMurrayitasan'urgentcalltoactons處應為謂；語動詞，聯(lián)系介詞as的搭配及后文引用(an“urgentcalltoaction，可知此處應”)選[G]described。[E]control解析： ”…theairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle由havelittle可知空格處選詞應為不可數(shù)名詞且能與從句提前的介詞over搭配，聯(lián)系上下文還原從句 “havelittle overtheairwebreathe，可知選項”[E]control符合句意。[H]equals解析： ”…，whereinsomeplaceslostlaborincome_nearly1%ofGDP；聯(lián)系上下文可知此句由“l(fā)ostlabo門ncome與“'nearly1%ofGDP之間的關系描述空氣污染帶來的損失之嚴重，選項[H]equals符合。[K]regularly解析： “wherethey experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution空格處選詞應為副詞性，且此句依然在敘述發(fā)展中國家所面對的污染”;情況之嚴重，理解句義，選項[K]regularly符合。[I]exclusively解析：“Buttheproblemisnotlimited tothedevelopingworld聯(lián)系上下文，可知此處轉(zhuǎn)折句義指空氣污染并不只是發(fā)展中國家的問題，選項[I]exclusively符合句義。[O]vehicles解析： ”…，wheredieselhavebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachesinthetensofthousands聯(lián)系前文可知句中”;thatnumbers指代過早死亡 (prematuredeath)的人數(shù)，而 where從句描述的是這一人數(shù)上萬(reachestensofthousands)的背景 /原因，聯(lián)系 diesel(柴油機)詞義可知此處選項[O]vehicles符合。2018年12月英語四級長篇閱讀真題答案解析SectionBFood-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgressSeveraltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph ’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy. “Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning? ”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning. ”ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”shreeantshkuss,ihaesmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit. “I’mnotthey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat. ”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit ’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications（藥物）.Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas ‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood, ”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,lteherofoodplaysintheirlives. ”InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation ’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables."It'sadifferentparadigjfc^)ofhowtotreatdisease,“saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcentedrsacnhoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient ’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎癥）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”題目解析：本篇長篇閱讀難度較低，基本上匹配段落與題干都可找到一致性的詞語，做題時只需依照固定的思路和方法進行即可。文章無需仔細閱讀，先從題干出發(fā)，選擇名詞作為關鍵詞，接著以段落為單位在各個段落的收尾處進行關鍵詞的對應。在尋找關鍵詞的同時應注意兩點，同義替換以及特殊單詞 （中文釋義、轉(zhuǎn)折詞 ）。做題時應先易后難提高效率。MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.答案：D解析：本題考查同義替換D】Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren. “InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.答案：B解析：本題考查原詞定位B】ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.答案：G解析：本題考查同義替換 +概括總結(jié)【G】InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation ’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.答案：A解析：本題考查同義替換【A】Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph ’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy. “Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning? ”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning. ”Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.答案：I解析：本題考查同義替換Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient ’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient ’sfamily. “Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionis

oneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”O(jiān)nefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.答案：F解析：本題考查同義替換與概括總結(jié)。[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood, ”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives. ”Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.答案：C解析：本題考查同義替換。mnot[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit. “Imnotthey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.答案：J解析：本題考查同義替換。[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎癥）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.答案：E解析：本題考查同義替換。[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit ’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications（ 藥物）.Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas ‘ShopwithyourDoc ’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.答案：G解析：本題考查同義替換。[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation ’ofshighratesobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.今天拿到的第一篇真題是手機和閱讀，字數(shù) 146。整體難度沒有變化，但詞匯的難度，應該說，照以往稍有下降，主要是沒有很生僻的單詞，而且其中有許多詞匯都是考過很多遍的，如快速發(fā)展、增長、影響、大量、穩(wěn)步增長等等。唯一需要注意的詞匯就是報刊，這是兩個英語單詞構(gòu)成的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。句式方面，也并沒有特別難，只有最后一句是一個句號三個片段的句子，其它都是一個句號一個或兩個片段，句間邏輯非常好處理。從單個句子的翻譯來看，只要掌握了成份對應翻譯法，就可以得到相當好的分數(shù)。相信今年考試的同學，都會取得非常不錯的分數(shù)。第一篇真題及范文：由于通信網(wǎng)絡的快速發(fā)展，中國智能手機用戶數(shù)量近年來以驚人度增長。這極大地改變了許多人的閱讀方式。他們現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常在智能手機上看新聞和文章，而不買傳統(tǒng)報刊。大量移動應用程序的開發(fā)使人們能用手機讀小說和其他形式的文學作品。因此，紙質(zhì)書籍的銷售受到了影響。但調(diào)查顯示，盡管能手機閱讀市場穩(wěn)步增長，超半數(shù)成年人仍喜歡讀紙質(zhì)書。Duetothefastdevelopmentofcommunicationnetworks,thenumberofsmartphoneusersgrowsatanamazingrateinrecentyearsinChina.Thishaschangedmanypeople’swaysofreadingdramatically.Today,theyoftenreadnewsandarticlesontheirsmartphonesinsteadofbuyingtraditionalnewspapersandperiodicals.Thedevelopmentofmanymobileappsenablespeopletoreadnovelsandotherformsofliteraryworksontheirsmartphones.Therefore，thesaleofpaperbooksaresuffering.However,accordingtoasurvey,morethanhalfofadultsstillliketoreadpaperbooks,despitethesteadygrowthofthesmartphonereadingmarket.第二篇：手機支付過去幾年里，移動支付市場在中國蓬勃發(fā)展。隨著移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，手機購物逐漸成為一種趨勢。18到30歲的年輕人構(gòu)成了移動支付市場的最大群體。由于現(xiàn)在用手機付款極容易，許多消費者在購物時寧愿用手機付款，而不愿用現(xiàn)金和信用卡。為了鼓勵人們多消費，許多商店給使用移動支付的顧客打折。專家預測，中國移動支付市場未來仍有很大發(fā)展?jié)摿?。ThepastfewyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofmobilepaymentmarketinChina.Withtheappearanceofmobileinternet,shoppingoncellphoneshasbecomeatrend.Youngpeoplefrom18to30makeupthebiggestgroupofusersofthemobilepaymentmarket.Asitisveryeasytopaybycellphone,manyconsumersprefertousephonestopayforshopping,ratherthanusecashorcreditcards.Toencourageconsumption,manyshopsofferdiscountstothosewhousemobilepayment.Accordingtothepredictionofexperts,therearestillgreatpotentialofdevelopmentinChina'smobilepaymentmarketinthefuture.第三篇：越來越多的中國人現(xiàn)在的確離不開手機了。他們中的許多人，包括老年人都使用手機應用程序保持聯(lián)系并拓寬朋友圈。他們也用手機購物，查找信息，因為手機便于攜帶。此外，使用手機應用程序通信比傳統(tǒng)電話便宜。然而，這種新趨勢導致人們在社交時過度依賴手機。事實上，一些年輕人已經(jīng)變得十分上癮，以至于忽略了與家人和朋友面對面的交流。Today,moreandmoreChinesecannotlivewithoutmobilephones，indeed.Manyofthem,includingtheelderly,keepintouchwithothersandbroadentheircircleoffriendswithmobileapps.Theyalsousetheircellphonesforonlineshoppingandsearchingforinformationascellphonesareeasytocarry.Inaddition,thecommunicationbymobileapplicationsischeaperthanthatbytraditionalphones.However,thisnewtrendmakespeopleover-reliantonmobilephonesforsocialinteraction.Infact,someyoungpeoplehavebecomesoaddictedthattheyignoredtheface-to-facecommunicationwiththeirfamilyandfriends.2018年12月英語四級考試寫作答案解析 （大城市篇 ）試題：Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore