單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方案(中英)

單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方案(中英)單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方案(中英)單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方案(中英)單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方案(中英)編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)方案1、編制說明：、單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)傳統(tǒng)稱為一次調(diào)校，即儀表安裝前的校驗(yàn)，它是在規(guī)定條件下，為確定測量儀器儀表或測量系統(tǒng)的示值、實(shí)物量具或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)所代表的值與相對應(yīng)的由參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定的量值之間關(guān)系的一組操作。其目的是：檢查計(jì)分表在運(yùn)輸途中有無損傷；核對儀表的規(guī)格型號(hào)及功能是否符合設(shè)計(jì)文件的要求；儀表的精密度是否符合制造廠技術(shù)文件的規(guī)定。因此，它是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)含量高，工作要求細(xì)，范圍比較廣的工作。這一工作質(zhì)量的好壞，將直接影響系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)和裝置的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及運(yùn)行安全，對評價(jià)儀表工程的施工質(zhì)量具重大影響。為了保證單臺(tái)儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)質(zhì)量，特編制此方案。、由于工業(yè)自動(dòng)化儀表工業(yè)發(fā)展很快，新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品不斷出現(xiàn)，故單臺(tái)儀表校準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)工作涉及面極廣，作為方案不可能面面具到。有關(guān)DCS、PLC系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)前的功能測試和一些輔助儀表的校準(zhǔn)，本方案不再闡述，常規(guī)儀表也只能以常見儀表為例闡述，特此說明。2、編制依據(jù)：、工程承包合同或協(xié)議（具體到文號(hào)）。、儀表設(shè)計(jì)施工圖及其它設(shè)計(jì)文件。、儀表制造廠提供的技術(shù)文件。、國家現(xiàn)行《自動(dòng)化儀表工程施工及驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》及其驗(yàn)評標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。、根據(jù)該項(xiàng)目的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制的《儀表工程施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃》。、公司質(zhì)量體系文件。、化學(xué)工業(yè)計(jì)量檢定人員管理辦法。3、工程概況：、工程特點(diǎn)（含工程名稱、范圍、地點(diǎn)、規(guī)模、特點(diǎn)、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、主要實(shí)物工程量、工期要求及投資等）。、工程量。（見下表）儀表設(shè)備分類統(tǒng)計(jì)表（樣表）序號(hào)儀表設(shè)備名稱單位數(shù)量備注1溫度儀表包括：①、雙金屬溫度計(jì)支②、壓力式溫度計(jì)支③、熱電偶支④、熱電阻支⑤、溫度變送器臺(tái)⑥、盤裝溫度儀表臺(tái)2壓力儀表包括：①、②、③、3流量儀表包括：①、②、③、4物位儀表包括：①、②、③、5成份儀表包括：①、6調(diào)節(jié)儀表包括：①、7旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械量儀表8執(zhí)行器4、儀表校準(zhǔn)、試驗(yàn)的程序：（見程序圖）GeneralProceduresforSingleInstrumentationCalibrationandTesting(refertothefollowingprograms):單臺(tái)儀表校準(zhǔn)、試驗(yàn)程序圖核對儀表選型是否滿足工藝要求核對儀表選型是否滿足工藝要求核對設(shè)備匯總表與明細(xì)表是否吻合配置合格的計(jì)量器具設(shè)置合格的計(jì)量器具室設(shè)置合格的校準(zhǔn)間編制必要的儀表搬運(yùn)、貯存方案儀表設(shè)備出庫開箱驗(yàn)收熟悉制造廠技術(shù)文件入現(xiàn)場設(shè)備庫（建帳、標(biāo)位號(hào)）編制單臺(tái)儀表校準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方案技術(shù)交底作原始狀態(tài)和調(diào)整過程記錄填寫校驗(yàn)成績單通知供貨方退貨制造廠現(xiàn)場服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)、隔離收資料員存檔熟悉圖紙貼“產(chǎn)品合格”標(biāo)識(shí)防護(hù)NYNYNYNNYToverifywhetherthesumequipmentlistmeetsubdrawingsDeployqualifiedmeteringdevicesDeployqualifiedmeteringroomsDeployqualifiedcalibrationroomsroomsPrepareinstrumenthandlingandstorageschemesTotakeoutinstrumentationfromthewarehouseFamiliarwithvendorsdoc.Enteringjobsiteequipmentwarehouse(Accountcreationandlabelmarking)ToprepareInst.Calib.SchemeTechnicalinductionTorecordoriginal&adjustingprocessstatusTofillincalibrationrecordsheetToinformthevendorsatonceTore-supplyVendor’sjobsiteserviceMarking&SegregationArchivescreationbydocumenterTostick“ProductQualified”labelInstrumentsprotectionmeasureNYYNToverifywhetherthedesignedinstrumentmeettheprocessrequirements要求Familiarwithconstructiondrawings5、校準(zhǔn)、試驗(yàn)方法及質(zhì)量要求：CalibrationandTestingMethodologyandtheQualityRequirement:、一般規(guī)定：GeneralRegulationsandRequirements:、試驗(yàn)環(huán)境條件：Conditions：儀表的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)（不含執(zhí)行器）應(yīng)在試驗(yàn)室內(nèi)進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)室應(yīng)具備下列條件：Thecalibrationandtestingworksforinstrumentations(excludingactuatingdevices)shallbeexecutedinthedesignatedcleanlaboratoryrooms.Thelaboratoryroomsshallmeetfollowingconditions:室內(nèi)清潔、安靜，光線充足，無振動(dòng)，無對儀表及線路的電磁場干擾。Thelaboratoryroomsshallbeclean,quite,sunlightabundant,withoutvibration,withoutelectronicandmagneticinterferenceforinstrument.室內(nèi)溫度保持在10~35℃。Theambienttemperatureshallbearound10~35℃.電源電壓穩(wěn)定，交流電源及60V以上的直流電源電壓波動(dòng)不應(yīng)超過±10%。60V以下的直流電源電壓波動(dòng)不應(yīng)超過±5%。Thepowersupplyshouldbestable,thevoltagewavesforalternativecurrentpoweranddirectcurrentpowerabove60voltsshouldnotmorethan±10%,fordirectcurrentpowerbelow60voltsshouldnotmorethan±5%.d、氣源應(yīng)清潔、干燥，露點(diǎn)比最低環(huán)境溫度低10℃以上，氣源壓力穩(wěn)定，調(diào)壓設(shè)施完備。Airsourceshouldbeclean,dry,withstableairpressureandwellestablishedregulators.Thedewpointshouldbelower10℃thanthelowestambienttemperature.、儀表校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀器儀表，應(yīng)具備有效的計(jì)量檢定合格證明，其基本誤差的絕對值不宜超過被校準(zhǔn)儀表基本誤差絕對值的1/3。 Thestandardinstrumentsandmetersforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallhaveeffectivemeteringcertificateofconformance.Theabsolutevalueforbasicerrorsshouldnotbemorethanone-thirdoftheabsolutevaluesforbasicerrorsofthecalibratedinstrumentations、儀表校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)的條件、項(xiàng)目、方法應(yīng)符合制造廠技術(shù)文件的規(guī)定和設(shè)計(jì)文件要求，并應(yīng)使用制造廠已提供的專用工具和試驗(yàn)設(shè)備。 Theconditions,items,methodsforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallfullymeetthetechnicalregulationsofvendorsandthedesigndocumentations,andthespecialtoolsandtestingdevicesprovidedbyvendorsshallbeutilized、從事校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)工作的人員，應(yīng)具備相應(yīng)的資質(zhì)和省級以上化工主管部門頒發(fā)的檢定證件，并能熟練地掌握試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目的操作技能，正確使用、維護(hù)所用計(jì)量器具。 Thestaffsandpersonnelforinstrumentationcalibrationandtestingshallbequalifiedwithcorrespondingcertification,havecalibrationandtestingcertificateissuedbyprovincialgovernmentdepartmentinchargeofpetro-chemicalindustry,beproficientinoperationskillsfortestingitems,properlyuseandmaintainthemeteringdevices、單臺(tái)儀表校準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)應(yīng)在全量程范圍內(nèi)均勻選取，一般不應(yīng)少于5點(diǎn)。 Thecalibrationpointsshallbeevenlyselectedwithinfullrangescope,generallytheselectedpointsshallnotbelessthanfivepoints、儀表校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)前應(yīng)對儀表進(jìn)行外觀檢查，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括： Appearanceinspectionforallinstrumentationsshallbeexecutedbeforecalibrationandtesting儀表的型號(hào)、規(guī)格、材質(zhì)、防爆級別等應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)文件要求。Type,specification,materialandexplode-proofclassshouldbeaccordedwithdesignrequirement.無變形、損傷、油漆脫落、零件丟失等缺陷，外形主要尺寸、連接螺紋符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。Withoutdisfigurementsuchasshapedamage,paintingcoatdamage,accessoriesbeloseetc.Mainsizeofshapeandconnectingscrewthreadshouldbeaccordedwithdesignrequirement.銘牌標(biāo)志、附件、備件齊全。Nameplate,accessoriesandsparepartarewhole.產(chǎn)品技術(shù)文件和質(zhì)量證明書齊全。Techno-fileandquantitycertificatearewhole.儀表經(jīng)校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)后，應(yīng)達(dá)到下列要求： Theinstrumentationsaftercalibrationandtestingshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:基本誤差、回差應(yīng)符合儀表的允許誤差Basicerrors,returnerrorsshallwithintheallowanceerrorsofinstrumentations.儀表零位正確，偏差值不超過允許誤差的1/2。 Zeropointofinstrumentsshallbeaccurate.Thediscrepancyvaluesshallnotexceedone-secondoftheallowableerrors.報(bào)警、聯(lián)鎖設(shè)定偏差不超過儀表允許誤差，其設(shè)定值符合設(shè)計(jì)文件要求。 Thedeviationvaluesforalarmandinterlocksettingvaluesshallnotexceedtheallowableerrors.Therelatedsettingvaluesshallmeetthedesigndocumentations.指針在整個(gè)行程中無抖動(dòng)、摩擦和跳動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。 Duringallmeterrangethepointersofinstrumentationshouldbestablewithoutvibration,frictionandjumping.可調(diào)部件應(yīng)留有再調(diào)整的余地。Theadjustablecomponentsshallhavesomeadjustableareaandspace.數(shù)字顯示儀表無閃爍現(xiàn)象。Noflashingappearancefordigitalindicationinstrumentsshalloccur.記錄儀表劃線或打字應(yīng)清晰，記錄紙移動(dòng)正常。記錄誤差符合儀表精度要求 Thelineationrecordsortypingshouldbeclearandreadable,themovementsforpapersofrecordersshallbeinnormalconditions.Alloftheerrorsofrecordedvaluesshallmeettheaccuracyrequirementsofinstrument.、儀表校準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)后，應(yīng)及時(shí)填寫校驗(yàn)記錄，并要求數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)、項(xiàng)目齊全、字跡清晰、簽字完備，并在表體明顯位置貼上“產(chǎn)品合格”標(biāo)識(shí)和標(biāo)注位號(hào)。Thecalibrationrecordsshallbefilledinontimeaftercalibrationandtesting.Therecordeddatashouldbegenuine,withfullitems,explicithandwritings,completedsignatures.Aftertesting,the“producteligible”labelsshallbestuckontheinstrumentbodies,andtagnumbersalsoshallbemarked、校準(zhǔn)合格的儀表應(yīng)按公司物質(zhì)貯存程序的有關(guān)要求妥善保管。經(jīng)調(diào)整不合格的儀表應(yīng)通報(bào)設(shè)備計(jì)劃員和工號(hào)工程師會(huì)同監(jiān)理、業(yè)主等有關(guān)人員檢查、確認(rèn)后，退庫處理。 ThequalifiedinstrumentsshallbewellstoredandprotectedasperELECO’sMaterial&EquipmentStorageProcedure.Unqualifiedinstrumentsshallbereportedtoequipmentplanner,fieldengineer,managementsuperviser,andclient,aftertheirinspectionandconfirmationtheinstrumentsshallbesentbacktowarehouseandbeproperlydealedwith.、溫度儀表：TemperatureInstrumentation:、雙金屬溫度計(jì)、壓力式溫度計(jì)應(yīng)進(jìn)行示值校準(zhǔn)，一般校驗(yàn)點(diǎn)不少于兩點(diǎn)。 Thebimetalandpressuretypethermometersshallbecalibratedasperdisplayedvalues,generallythetestingpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints如被校儀表已指示環(huán)境溫度，可將環(huán)境溫度當(dāng)作一個(gè)校準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，另取一個(gè)點(diǎn)即可。在二個(gè)校準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)中，若有一點(diǎn)不合格，則應(yīng)判被校表不合格。該試驗(yàn)的操作要點(diǎn)是將溫包或雙金屬溫度計(jì)的感溫元件與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水銀溫度計(jì)的感溫液置于同一環(huán)境溫度中，注意控制被測介質(zhì)溫度的變化緩慢而均勻。Ifthetestinginstrumentshowstheambienttemperature,theambienttemperatureshallbeselectedasonecalibrationpoint,thenanothertemperaturepointcanbeselectedatyourease.Forthetwoselectedpoints,ifanyoneofthemcannotmeettheaccuracyrequirements,thisinstrumentshallbejudgedunqualified.Theoperationessentialsforthiscalibrationaretomaintainthethermobulbsorthetemperatureelementsandthestandardmerculythermometeratthesameenvironmentaltemperature.Becareoftokeepthetestingmediatemperaturechangeslowlyandevenly.如多支雙金屬溫度計(jì)或壓力式溫度計(jì)同時(shí)校準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)按正、反順序檢測兩次，取其平均值。Ifseveralbimetalorpressuretypethermometersarecalibratedsimultaneously,calibrationprocessshallbetwiceasperpositiveandnegativesequences,theaveragevaluescouldbeprocured.、熱電偶、熱電阻應(yīng)作導(dǎo)通和絕緣檢查，并應(yīng)進(jìn)行常溫下mv、電阻測試，一般不再進(jìn)行熱電性能試驗(yàn)。 Conductivecontinuityandinsulationtestsshallbeundertakenandmv-potentialandresistancetestingatambienttemperatureshallbedone.Generally,thermo-electricalcharacteristictestingwillnotbeexecutedforthermometersthemselves.如業(yè)主堅(jiān)持對裝置中主要檢測點(diǎn)和有特殊要求的檢測點(diǎn)的熱電偶、熱電阻進(jìn)行熱電性能試驗(yàn)，原則上不超過總量的10%。Iftheclientrequirestoexecutethermo-electricalcharacteristictestingforimportantandspecificmeasuringpointsofthermocoupleandresistancetemperaturediode,theamountoftestingshouldnotexceedtenpercentofgross.熱電偶、熱電阻熱電特性的允許誤差分別見表1、表2。Allowableerrorofthermocoupleandresistancecharacteristicisflowingtable1and2常用熱電偶允許誤差表表一： AllowableerrorofgeneralthermocoupleTable1分度號(hào)graduationnumber級別class使用溫度范圍（℃）rangeofusingtemperature允許偏差（℃）allowableerror技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)號(hào)standardcodeSⅠ0~1100±1JJG141-831100~1600±[1+(t-1100)×]Ⅱ0~600±600~1600±%tKⅠ-40~1100±℃或±%tGB2614-85Ⅱ-40~1300±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tEⅠ-40~800±或±%tGB4993-85Ⅱ-40~900±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tTⅠ-40~350±或±%tGB2903-82Ⅱ-40~350±或±%tⅢ-200~40±或±%tJⅠ-40~750±或±%tGB4994-85Ⅱ-40~750±或±%t注：①、t為被測溫度；②、允許偏差以℃或?qū)嶋H溫度的百分?jǐn)?shù)表示，應(yīng)采用其中計(jì)算數(shù)值較大的值（分度號(hào)為S的熱電偶除外）。Note：①、tistemperaturebemeasured；②、Allowableerrorisdenotebymeansof℃orpercentofpracticalityrealtemperature（exceptforthermocouplewhichgraduationnumberisS）常用熱電阻允許誤差值A(chǔ)llowableerrorofgeneralresistance表二：table2名稱name級別class分度號(hào)R0（Ω）允許誤差（℃）allowableerror鉑熱電阻resistancemadeofplatinumA級ClassAPt1010±+|t|)Pt100100±+|t|)B級ClassBPt1010±+|t|)Pt100100±+|t|)銅熱電阻resistancemadeofcopperCu5050±+|t|)Cu100100±+|t|)注：①、R0為0℃時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻；②、t為被測溫度；Note：①、R0isstandardresistancevalueatthetemperatureis0℃②、tisthetemperaturethatbemeasured、動(dòng)圈儀表的校驗(yàn)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Testofwind-movedinstrumentshouldbeaccordedwithflowingrequirementa、儀表的試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)包括：示值基本誤差、回差、傾斜誤差、設(shè)定點(diǎn)偏差。配熱電偶的動(dòng)圈儀表還應(yīng)進(jìn)行“斷偶保護(hù)”試驗(yàn)。Testingitemincludebasicerror,returnerror,gradienterror,settingvalueerror.Thewind-movedinstrumentmountedthermocoupleshouldbetestedthatdisconnectthermocouple.b、配熱電偶的動(dòng)圈校驗(yàn)時(shí)，在測量回路中應(yīng)加儀表規(guī)定外阻±Ω的外接電阻，配熱電阻的動(dòng)圈儀表應(yīng)做三個(gè)外接電阻同增同減的示值誤差試驗(yàn)。如附加誤差很小，經(jīng)業(yè)主同意可取消外接電阻，但校準(zhǔn)時(shí)從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻箱到儀表的連接應(yīng)選用同截面、同長度的多股銅芯塑料線。Connecttheallowableresistancethatitserroris±Ωintestingloopwhentestforthewind-movedinstrumentmountedthermocouple,andtestfor3times.Disconnecttheexcessresistanceapprovedbyowneriftheerrorisverysmall,butmulticopper-coreplasticwirewhichsamesectionareaandsamelengthshouldbeusedwherestandardresistanceboxtoinstrument.c、傾斜誤差試驗(yàn)在上限值、下限值兩個(gè)刻度線上進(jìn)行，但對有前置放大器的儀表，可在量程的10%、90%兩點(diǎn)附近進(jìn)行。傾斜角度為50~100，傾斜方向?yàn)榍啊⒑蟆⒆?、右四個(gè)方向，傾斜誤差要求不太于儀表允許誤差。Testofgradienterroratmin.valueandmax.value,andtestatabout10%and90%rangefortheinstrumentmountedpreamplifier.Gradientangleis50~100anddirectionisfront,behind,left,andright,theerrordon’tbiggerthanallowance.設(shè)定點(diǎn)偏差試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在相當(dāng)于標(biāo)尺弧長的10%、50%、90%附近的刻度線上進(jìn)行，也可以根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)提供的聯(lián)鎖、報(bào)警值試驗(yàn)。設(shè)定點(diǎn)偏差應(yīng)不大于儀表的允許誤差。Testofsettingvalueerroratabout10%、50%、and90%ofstaffguagearc-length,andalsoatinterlockvalueandalarmvaluethatprovidedbydesign.theerrordon’tbiggerthanallowance.、數(shù)字溫度指示調(diào)節(jié)儀：figuretemperatureshowregulator儀表的試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)包括：指示基本誤差、穩(wěn)定度誤差、設(shè)定點(diǎn)誤差及PID特性試驗(yàn)等。Testingitemincludebasicerror,stabilizationerror,settingvalueerrorandPIDcharacteristictestetc.指示基本誤差試驗(yàn)宜采用輸入基準(zhǔn)法校準(zhǔn)，但需重復(fù)試驗(yàn)兩次，取其最大差值作為被校儀表在該點(diǎn)的誤差。Testfordisplaybasicerrorbymeansofinputbenchmarkandtakebiggervalueaserroratthevalueofthetestedinstrumentaftertestfortwotimes.儀表穩(wěn)定度試驗(yàn)包括顯示波動(dòng)量和示值漂移量的測定，做為評價(jià)儀表品質(zhì)的參數(shù)，一般儀表顯示波動(dòng)量不得大于其分辨力，1小時(shí)內(nèi)示值漂移量不得大于儀表允許誤差的1/4。Testofstabilizationincludemeasurethedisplayfluctuantvalueandshowvalueexcursion.Thedisplayfluctuantvaluenotbiggerthandistinguishandshowvalueexcursionnotbiggerthan25%ofallowableerrorinonehour.帶調(diào)節(jié)功能的儀表，應(yīng)在量程的10%、50%、90%附近，試驗(yàn)校準(zhǔn)設(shè)定點(diǎn)偏差及比例積分微分功能檢定，設(shè)定點(diǎn)的偏差應(yīng)不大于儀表允許誤差，實(shí)際比例帶應(yīng)在刻度值的±25%的范圍內(nèi)，積分時(shí)間固定的儀表，實(shí)際積分時(shí)間應(yīng)在（1±）Ti范圍內(nèi)。積分微分時(shí)間可調(diào)的儀表，實(shí)際積分微分時(shí)間與積分微分時(shí)間刻度值的允許偏差為±50%。TestforsettingvalueerrorandPIDfunctionshouldatabout10%,50%,and90%ofrangewhentestforinstrumentwithadjustfunction.Thesettingvalueerrornotbiggerthanallowance,andrealproportionrangeshouldin±25%ofscale.Therealintegraltimeshouldin（1±）Tirangefortheinstrumentthatintegraltimeissettled.TherealIDtimeallowableerroris±50%rangeofscalefortheinstrumentthatIDtimeisbeadjusted.、溫度變送器：TemperatureTransmitter:a、按照儀表銘牌標(biāo)志的輸入、輸出信號(hào)范圍和類型進(jìn)行輸入、輸出特性的校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)，其校準(zhǔn)接線方法應(yīng)符合制造廠技術(shù)文件要求。Thecalibrationandtestingofinputandoutputsignalrangesandstylesfortemperaturetransmittersshallbeexecutedaspertheinstrumentnameplatemarks.Thecalibration,testingandterminationmethodologyshallmeetvendorstechnicaldocumentations’requirements.b、與感溫元件一體化的溫變校準(zhǔn)和試驗(yàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)斷開感溫元件，并由此輸入模擬信號(hào)。DisconnectthesensorelementandinputanalogsignalswhentestforthesensorintegrativewithtemperatureTransmitter:、電子電位差及電子平衡電橋：Electricalpotentiometerandelectricalbalancebridge檢查儀表可動(dòng)部分，并向同步電機(jī)、可逆電機(jī)、減速箱、切換開關(guān)和各軸承注油。Inspecttheinstrumentmovabilitypart,andfillingoiltosynchronousmotor,contradictorilymotor,speed-downbox,changerswitchandbearing.給儀表通電30分鐘后，調(diào)整儀表的靈敏度，致使指針擺動(dòng)兩個(gè)半周期后穩(wěn)定，然后，進(jìn)行刻度校準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)。Atfirst,poweroninstrumentfor30minutes,adjustdelicacyinordertomakefingertostabilizationafterfingerswingtwoandhalfcyclethenadjustscale多點(diǎn)儀表應(yīng)調(diào)整至數(shù)碼或顏色與切換開關(guān)和接線端子的編號(hào)一致。Numbercodeorcolorsamewithnumbercodeofchangerswitchandterminalformulti-pointinstrument、壓力儀表：PressureInstrumentation:、彈簧壓力表的校準(zhǔn)：CalibrationforSpringPressureGauge:一般彈簧壓力表的校準(zhǔn)宜用活塞壓力計(jì)加壓，被試儀表應(yīng)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力表或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)砝碼相比較。當(dāng)使用砝碼時(shí)，應(yīng)在砝碼旋轉(zhuǎn)的情況下讀數(shù)。Generallypistonpressuretestingbenchandgaugeshallbeutilizedforcalibrationforspringpressuregauges.Thetesting,standardpressuregaugeandstandardweightsshallbecompared.Thereadingnumbersshallbeprocuredduringfreerotationstatusofstandardweights.b、校驗(yàn)真空壓力表時(shí)，應(yīng)用真空泵產(chǎn)生負(fù)壓，被校表與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)真空表或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液柱壓力計(jì)比較。Forvacuumpressuregauges,minuspressureshallbeproducedwithvacuumpump,thecalibratedgaugesshallbecomparedwiththestandardvacuumgaugeorstandardcolumnmanometer.禁油壓力表校驗(yàn)時(shí)，嚴(yán)禁壓力表與油接觸，滿量程小于的儀表校準(zhǔn)宜采用氣壓，而滿量程大于的儀表校準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)加裝油、水隔離器，其結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示：Itisprohibitthatpressuregaugestouchoilwhentestforoil-preventpressuregauges.Airpressureshouldbeprovidedwhentestforinstrumentthatfullrangelessthan,Oil/waterseparatorshouldbeprovidedwhentestforinstrumentthatfullrangebiggerthan,thestructureofseparatorisflowingdrawing油油水壓力計(jì)接頭視被校表連接螺紋而定接氧用表M20×接活塞式壓力計(jì)200100真空壓力表的壓力部分的校驗(yàn)點(diǎn)不應(yīng)少于三點(diǎn)，其中真空部分的校驗(yàn)點(diǎn)不少于兩點(diǎn)，但壓力部分測量上限值超過時(shí)，真空部分可只校一點(diǎn)。 Thecalibrationpointsforpressurerangespanofvacuumgaugesshallnotbelessthanthreepoints,thecalibrationpointsforvacuumrangespanofvacuumgaugesshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Ifthehighlimitvaluesofpressurerangespanexceedmega-pascals,onecalibrationpointcouldbetestedforvacuumrangespan.e、彈簧壓力表校準(zhǔn)過程中如需啟封調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)合格的儀表應(yīng)重新鉛封。Iftheleadsealingneedtoberemovedduringcalibrationprocessforspringpressuregauges,newleadsealingneedtobeaddedafterinstrumentationcalibrationwhichmeetrequirements.、微壓計(jì)在指值校準(zhǔn)前應(yīng)先進(jìn)行傾斜誤差試驗(yàn)（傾斜角度為50）和機(jī)械零位調(diào)整。Tilterrortesting,fivedegreesangleofinclinationandmechanicalzeropointadjustingformicromanometersbeforedisplaycalibrationandtestingshallbeexecuted.、電動(dòng)壓力變送器（電Ⅲ型）：ElectronicPressureTransmitter(style-Ⅲ)：a、基本誤差（允許誤差），回差的調(diào)校按下圖配線、配氣，并通電預(yù)熱不少于15分鐘，Calibrationandtestingforfundamentalerrorsorallowableerrorsandreturnerrorsshallbeterminated,suppliedwithair,poweredandperheadednotlessthanfifteenminutes(seefollowingdrawing).數(shù)字電壓表（級）數(shù)字電壓表（級）250Ω250Ω電阻級壓力信號(hào)發(fā)生器手持通訊機(jī)級壓力變送器24VDC24VDC電源Portable(smart)Portable(smart)CommunicatorPressuresignalgeneratorDigitalVoltageMeter）250ΩResistance24VDCPowerSupplyPressureXTR.b基本誤差校準(zhǔn)前應(yīng)先調(diào)好零點(diǎn)和量程，然后依次做上升和下降的五點(diǎn)校準(zhǔn)。Zeropointandspanadjustmentshallbedonebeforecalibrationforbasicerror,thenevenlyascendinganddescendingfivepointscalibrationshallbeundertakensequentially.c、智能變送器的單臺(tái)儀表校準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)，當(dāng)采用模擬信號(hào)法校準(zhǔn)后，還通過手持通訊器試驗(yàn)其操作功能Forcalibrationandtestingofsinglesmarttransmitter,functionaltestingwithportarblecommunicatorshallbeundertakenaftercalibrationofanalogsignalmethodd、變送器應(yīng)進(jìn)行氣密性檢查，將額定工作壓力加入變送器測量室，再切斷壓力源，用壓力表觀察氣密性。在前10分鐘內(nèi)允許壓力值稍有變動(dòng)，在后5分鐘內(nèi)壓力下降不得超過額定工作壓力的2%Airtightnessinspectionshallbeundertaken.Firstsupplyratingpressureairintosensingandmeasuringchamberoftransmitter,thenswitchoffpressuresource,inspectairtightnessviaonepressuregauge.Withinfirsttenminutes,certainpressurefluctuationshallbeallowed,pressuredeclinationshallnotexceed2%ofratingpressurewithinfollowingfiveminutes.、氣動(dòng)壓力變送器：Airpressuretransmittera、基本誤差校準(zhǔn)前應(yīng)先調(diào)好零點(diǎn)和量程，然后依次做上升和下降的五點(diǎn)校準(zhǔn)。Adjustmentofzeropointandspanshallbedonebeforecalibrationforbasicerror,thenascendinganddescendingfivepointscalibrationshallbeundertaken.b、變送器應(yīng)進(jìn)行氣密性檢查，將額定工作壓力加入變送器測量室，再切斷壓力源，用壓力表觀察氣密性。在前10分鐘內(nèi)允許壓力值稍有變動(dòng)，在后5分鐘內(nèi)壓力下降不得超過額定工作壓力的2%Airtightnessinspectionshallbeundertaken.Firstsupplyratingpressureintosensingandmeasuringchamberoftransmitter,thenswitchoffpressuresource,inspectairtightnessviaonepressuregauge.Withinfirsttenminutes,certainpressurefluctuationshallbeallowed,pressuredeclinationshallnotexceed2%ofratingpressurewithinfollowingfiveminutes.變送器的輸出信號(hào)由0~，級的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力表或0~2Mpa，級的數(shù)字壓力表檢測。Outputsignaloftransmittershouldbemonitoredby0~，classstandardpressuregaugeor0~2Mpa，classfigurepressuregauge.、壓力開關(guān)：Pressureswith根據(jù)《儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書》查出被試儀表的動(dòng)作整定值。Switchingsetpointsforpressureswitchesshallbecheckedasperdesignedspecificationofinstrumentation.b、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫π盘?hào)源向被試表加壓，并用量程適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力計(jì)檢測信號(hào)壓力，用萬用表測量接點(diǎn)的通、斷狀態(tài)。Suitablepressuresignalsourceshallbeconnectedwiththetestinginstruments,thenstandardmanometerwithsuitablerangeshallbeusedtomeasuresignalpressure,itsconnectionandunconnectionstatusshallbemeasuredviamultimeter.高報(bào)開關(guān)，應(yīng)從低向高緩慢升壓，觀察萬用表，當(dāng)萬用表指示突變時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力表的示值即高報(bào)值；再緩慢下降壓力。當(dāng)萬用表指示再次突變時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力表的示值即復(fù)位值。Forhighlimitalarmswitches,pressureshallbeincreasedgradually,examinewithmultimeter.Whilethemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenly,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallbehighlimitalarm.Thendecreasepressuregradually,whenthemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenlyagain,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallberestorationvalue.d、對低報(bào)開關(guān)，應(yīng)先將試驗(yàn)壓力升至設(shè)定值以上，再緩慢下降，當(dāng)萬用表指示突變時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力表的示值即低報(bào)值；再緩慢加壓，當(dāng)萬用表指示再次突變時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力表的示值即復(fù)位值Forlowlimitalarmswitches,pressureshallbeincreasedgraduallyabovesetpointvalue,thendecreaseslowlyandexaminewithmultimeter.Whilethemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenly,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallbelowlimitalarm.Thenincreasepressuregradually,whenthemultimeter’sindicationschangesuddenlyagain,theexactindicationvaluesofstandardmultimetershallberestorationvalue.、流量儀表：FlowInstrumentation:、差壓變送器：DifferentialPressureTransmitter:儀表差壓范圍應(yīng)以《孔板計(jì)算書》為準(zhǔn)。ThedifferentialpressurerangeforinstrumentshallbeverifiedasperOrificeCalculationSheet.校準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目含基本誤差、回程誤差和測量室的密封檢查。Standardcalibrationitemsshallincludebasicerrors,returnerrorsandsealinginspectionofsensingchambers.校準(zhǔn)方法，電動(dòng)差壓變送器同電動(dòng)壓力變送器，氣動(dòng)差壓變送器同氣動(dòng)壓力變送器。Calibrationmethodshallbeasfollows:electronicdifferentialpressuretransmitterssameaselectronicpressuretransmitters,pneumaticdifferentialpressuretransmitterssameaspneumaticpressuretransmitters.、轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)、電磁流量計(jì)、質(zhì)量流量計(jì)、超聲流量計(jì)、渦街流量計(jì)、靶式流量計(jì)、均速管流量計(jì)和容積流量計(jì)等應(yīng)核定出廠檢定報(bào)告和出廠合格證。當(dāng)合格證和檢定報(bào)告在有效期內(nèi)時(shí)，可不再進(jìn)行精度校準(zhǔn)，但應(yīng)通電或通氣檢查各部件工作是否正常。Forotherflowinstrumentslikefloatflow-meters,electronicflow-meters,massflow-meters,supersonicflow-meters,turbine&vortexflow-meters,targetflow-meters,annubarflow-meters,displacementflow-meters,etc.,thefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformitypreparedbyvendorsshallbeverified.Ifthefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformityarestillintheperiodofvalidity,accuracycalibrationcouldbeleaveoutwhilepoweringandpneumaticinspectionshallbeundertaken.帶遠(yuǎn)傳功能的，應(yīng)做模擬試驗(yàn)。當(dāng)合格證及出廠檢定報(bào)告超過有效期時(shí)，應(yīng)重新進(jìn)行計(jì)量標(biāo)定，但根據(jù)有關(guān)文件規(guī)定，標(biāo)定工作應(yīng)由業(yè)主負(fù)責(zé)，施工單位予以配合。Analogtestingforinstrumentswithremotefunctionsshallbeundertaken.Oncethefactorycalibrationandinspectionreportsandthecertificatesofconformityarebeyondtheperiodofvalidity,theseflowinstrumentsshallberecalibratedandretested.Asperassociatedtradestipulationsandregulationsofdocuments,thispartofworksshallberesponsiblebytheclient,assistantbythesubcontractor.、物位儀表：LevelInstrumentation:、單、雙法差壓變送器的校準(zhǔn)：CalibrationandtestingforsingleordualflangetypeDPtransmitters校驗(yàn)方法、項(xiàng)目基本同壓力、差壓變送器，此外尚需考慮ThecalibrationandtestingmethodologyanditemsforsingleordualflangetypeDPtransmittersareassameasthoseofpressuretransmittersandDPtransmitters.Inaddition,followingitemsshallbetakeintoconsideration:ⅰ、根據(jù)《儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書》認(rèn)真核算變送器的量程；TherangesoftransmittersshallbecalculatedandverifiedasperSpecificationSheetofInstrumentation.ⅱ、制作校驗(yàn)用輔助設(shè)施；Manufacturingauxiliarydevicesforcalibrationandtesting.ⅲ、考慮遷移并計(jì)算遷移量。Consideringrangeshiftandcalculatingshiftingvalues.電動(dòng)法蘭差壓變送器的校準(zhǔn)可按下圖連接。校準(zhǔn)時(shí)可把“+”、“-”壓法蘭置同一平面，也可以模擬現(xiàn)場安裝把“-”法蘭升高到與“+”法蘭的設(shè)計(jì)高差。前者應(yīng)在“+”壓側(cè)加負(fù)遷移信號(hào)后調(diào)零，而后者可直接調(diào)零。Thecalibrationandtestingplanshallbeasfollowingprograms:the+flangeand–flangecouldbeplacedatthesameelevationorplacedatcertainelevationsimulatingworksiteinstallationconditionsthroughraising+flangetodesignedelecation,zeropointcalibrationshallbeexecutedafterminusshiftingsignalsareaddedto+flanges,whileforlatterconditionszeropointcouldbeadjusteddirectly.壓力信號(hào)發(fā)生器（級）壓力信號(hào)發(fā)生器（級）-+250Ω標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻級24VDC電源變送器變送器法蘭精密數(shù)字電壓表（級）自備校驗(yàn)用法蘭--+PressureSignalGenerator）PrecisionDigitalVoltageMeter（）250Ωstandardresistance）24VDCPowerDPTransmitterMatingFlange、浮筒液位變送器：a、內(nèi)浮筒液位計(jì)宜采用干校法（掛重法）校準(zhǔn)，即將液面所處的位置如0%、25%、75%、100%的浮子自身的重量減其所受的浮力之差值，G1、G2、G3、G4、G5掛在浮筒變送器的連桿上，然后對輸出進(jìn)行調(diào)整。Drycalibrationorhangingweightscalibrationmethodshallbeutilizedforcalibrationandtestingworksforinteriordisplacerleveltransmitters.TheoutputofTransmittersshallbeadjustedthroughrespectivelyhangingweightsofG1,G2,G3,G4,G5whicharecalculatedaspertheirdifferencesbetweenweightsandbuoyancyforcescorrespondingtotheheightsofdisplacerof0%,25%,50%,75%,100%.外浮筒液位（界位）計(jì)宜采用灌液法（水校法），其校準(zhǔn)采用如圖所示的方法。 Hydrauliccalibrationorpouringliquidcalibrationmethodshallbeutilizedforcalibrationandtestingworksforexteriordisplacerleveltransmitters.ccaabpefH手操壓力泵（西安儀表廠產(chǎn)）；密閉小容器（自己制作）容器加水口（3/4”NPT絲堵）浮筒變送器透明軟管液位指示計(jì)4”球閥用手操壓力泵或氣動(dòng)定值器給密閉容器加壓，由于P的存在使水經(jīng)球閥上升浮筒內(nèi)H高度，緩慢加壓泄壓，便可控制H值的高度。pumpoperatedbymanual（providedbyxi’aninstrumentfactory）；sealedsmallvesselfillwater（3/4”NPTthreadblock）floattransmitterstransparentflexibletubelevelindicator4”ballvalue用手操壓力泵或氣動(dòng)定值器給密閉容器加壓，由于P的存在使水經(jīng)球閥上升浮筒內(nèi)H高度，緩慢加壓泄壓，便可控制H值的高度。Inputairtosealedvesselbypressurepumpoperatedbymanualorpneumaticsetvaluedevice,DuetohaspressureinvesselsothatcontrolhighofH.采用水代替設(shè)計(jì)介質(zhì)校準(zhǔn)浮筒液位計(jì)時(shí)，灌液高度的計(jì)算公式是：h=(P介/P水)×H×XWhenusingwaterascalibrationmediafordisplacerliquidleveltransmitters,thecalculationformularforheightofwatershallbe:h=(ρm/ρwater)×H×X采用水代替設(shè)計(jì)介質(zhì)校準(zhǔn)浮筒界位計(jì)時(shí)，灌液高度的計(jì)算工時(shí)：h=P/P水*H+(P重-P輕)/P水*H*XWhenusingwaterascalibrationmediaasreplacementfordisplacermassboundaryleveltransmitters,thecalculationformularforheightofwatershallbe:h=ρ/ρwater*H+(ρh-ρl)/ρwater*H*X式中：h為被?？潭鹊墓嘁焊叨?；X為被?？潭鹊陌俜直龋籬shallbetheheightoffillingwater,Xshallbethepercentageofcalculatedscale.P介為設(shè)計(jì)介質(zhì)介質(zhì)密度（查儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書可得）；ρmshallbethedensityofprocessmediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.P水為水的密度（1000kg/m3）ρwatershallbethedensityofwater(1000kg/m3).H為浮筒最高液位；Hshallbehighestlevelofdisplacer.P重為設(shè)計(jì)的重液密度（查儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書可得）；ρhshallbethedensityofheavymediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.P輕為設(shè)計(jì)的輕液密度（查儀表設(shè)備規(guī)格書可得）；ρlshallbethedensityoflightmediafromSpecificationofInstrumentation.、浮球式液位變送器：Floatballleveltransmittersa、氣割一片可與儀表法蘭連接的簡易特制法蘭，將其焊接在預(yù)制平臺(tái)的一角，模擬安裝被校儀表，并向儀表供電（氣），此時(shí)儀表應(yīng)指“零”，否則應(yīng)調(diào)“零”。Makeafacilityflangethatconnectwithflangeofinstrument,andjointatcornerofpre-makeplatroofandsimulateinstalltestedinstrument,supplyairorpowertoinstrumentandindicatorofinstrumentshouldbe”zero”b、平緩操作平衡桿使浮球上移，當(dāng)平衡桿處于水平狀態(tài)時(shí)，儀表輸出應(yīng)為50%，否則應(yīng)調(diào)量程。Operatethebalancingpoleslowlyandmakefloatballmovedgoup,outputofinstrumentis50%whenthebalancingpoleathorizontalposition,otherwiserangeshouldbeadjusted.c、如此反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，直至示值誤差符合允許誤差的要求。Testfortimesuntiltheindicatevalueerrorshouldbeaccordedwithallowance.d、平衡桿由水平位置再繼續(xù)上移，輸出信號(hào)應(yīng)均勻上升，當(dāng)輸出信號(hào)達(dá)100%時(shí)，測量由平衡桿的移動(dòng)角度應(yīng)為。Movethebalancingpolefromhorizontalpositionsothatmaketheoutputsignalriseuniformity,theanglethatbalancingpolemoveiswhentheoutputsignalis100%.e、檢查平衡桿與浮球的連接必須緊固，無松動(dòng)，防松配件齊全。Theconnectionofbalancingpoleandfloatballmusttighten,andloose-prooffittingsiswhole.、貯罐液位計(jì)、料面計(jì)，現(xiàn)場不具備單臺(tái)校準(zhǔn)條件，因此，在安裝前進(jìn)行外觀檢查外，還應(yīng)通電檢查指示和變送部分，確認(rèn)其基本功能是否完好。Onjobsitetheconditionsfortankgaugesandlevelgaugescannotmeetthecalibrationrequirements,butappearanceinspection,poweringinspectionshallbeexecutedforindicationfunctionandtransmitterpartstoascertainwellfunctionofinstruments.、放射性同位素液位計(jì)的校準(zhǔn)見《放射性同位素液位計(jì)校準(zhǔn)、安裝方案》，此不再敘。CalibrationandtestingforradioisotopelevelgaugespleaserefertotheCalibrationandInstallationSchemeforRadioisotopeLevelGaugesfordetails.、超聲波物位計(jì)校準(zhǔn)時(shí)，通電后液晶顯示板及狀態(tài)指示燈工作應(yīng)正常，參數(shù)設(shè)置開關(guān)應(yīng)符合工藝測量要求。Forcalibrationofsupersoniclevelgauges,LEDorliquid-crystaldisplayandindicationlightsshallfunctionnormally.Thesettingparametersforswitchesshallmeetprocessrequirements.、浮球式液位開關(guān)安裝前的校準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)用手平緩操作浮球，使其上、下移動(dòng)，觀察微動(dòng)開關(guān)的動(dòng)作，并用萬用表監(jiān)測接點(diǎn)的通斷。Forcalibrationoffloattypelevelswitchesbeforeinstallation,thefloatsshallbemovedmanuallyupwardanddownwardandthemotionsofmicro-switchesshallbeobservedandcontinuitybemeasured