外國的婚禮習(xí)俗-英文版課件

ChapterFifteen

BritishFamilyLife

CharacterandCustoms

MarriageMealsandDrinksSocialContactConservatismandTemperamentPrivacyCustomsConnectedwiththeKingorQueenMarriageNowBritishsocietyisconsideredtobepermissive,whichallowsaconsiderableamountoffreedom.Intermsofmarriagetheyoungpeopledonotliketohavecontrolplacedonthembyotherfamilymembers.Itisquitenormalforagirlsof16togooutwithaboyfriend.Iftheyaretogetherforalongtimeandknoweachotherwell,thegirlwouldinviteherboyfriendtoherhousetomeetherparents.Iftheyhadmadeprivatepromisetomarry,theboywillbuyanengagementring

訂婚戒指forthegirl.Theengagementringisplacedonthethirdfingerofthegirl’slefthand.Ifthegirlchangeshermind,sheusuallyreturnsthering.Iftheycontinuegettingalongwell,theengagementringwillbereplacedbytheweddingringofplaingold.Forthewedding,mostBritishcouples,whetherreligiousornot,willgotochurchtohavetheceremony.Othercouplesmaygotoaregistry登記officetohavetheceremony典禮,wheretheceremonyisusuallylessformalandmorepurelylegal.Forthechurchceremonythebridedressedinalongwhitedressandattendedbyherclosefriendsandrelatives.Achurchmanwillaskwhethertheyarewillingtomarryeachotherandtheyhavetomakepromisesofloyaltytoeachother.Ironically,Britainisoneofthecountrieswithhighestdivorcerateinthedevelopedcountry.MealsandDrinksLight

breakfastLunchisamiddaymeal,usuallyeatenbetween12:00and2:00pm.Forthosewhohavesupperintheevening,itwillusuallybethemainmealoftheday.Dinnerforlunchconsistsofmeat,potatoesandothervegetables.DinnerforlunchlunchFishandChipsSupperTeatimeDrinksarevariousandmaybetakenatdifferenttimes.Ifyouareinvitedtoadrinksparty,thepartywillprobablybebeforedinner,6:00---8:00pm.Besides,Britonsarealsoknownasteadrinkers.ItissaidthatBritonsdrinkaquarterofalltheteagrownintheworldeachyear.Manyofthemdrinkitonatleasteightdifferentoccasionsduringtheday.SocialContactMuchsocialcontactinBritaintakesplaceinpeople’shomes.OnSundayafternoonsoftenfamilieshavefriendsorrelationsinfortea,andthereissomeentertainmentinprivatehousesintheevening,too.Somepeoplemayliketovisitapubregularlyandmaytalkwiththesamepeoplethereweekafterweek.Middleandupperclasspeopletendtofavordinnerpartiesandcocktailparties.ConservatismandTemperamentTheBritishpeopleareusuallyconsideredratherconservative.Theirconservativeattitudeusuallyincludestwoaspects:anacceptanceofthingsthatarefamiliar,andaninclinationtobesuspiciousofanythingthatisstrangeorforeign.陌生的InmuchthesamewaymostEnglishpeoplehavebeenslowtoadoptrational合理reformssuchasthemetricsystem.公制Theysufferedinconveniencefromadheringtooldways.Englishpeopletendtobehostilewhentheyhearanysuggestionthatsomemodificationoftheirhabits,ortheintroductionofsomethingnewandunknownintotheirlives,mightbetotheiradvantage.Modernmethodsofcooking,byelectricityorgas,wereacceptedlongago,andfewpeoplewouldnowfavortheoldtypeofcoal-firedgrate.爐架Modernmethodsofcooking,byelectricityorgas,wereacceptedlongago,andfewpeoplewouldnowfavortheoldtypeofcoal-firedgrate.Self-control,thequalityofnotbeingexcited,notlosingone’stemper,isextraordinarilyhighlyvaluedinBritain.Quarrelsomeness,violence,truculence,野蠻

[`tr?kju:l?ns]trouble-makingareprofoundlytaboo.Thequietqueueforbusesisusuallycited引用toshowtheEnglishspiritofcontrolandpatience.TheEnglishpeoplehadareputationforbeingcoldandreserved.TheEnglishhardlygreetedeachotherthoughtheymightknowoneanother.Thereislittlegossipinpublicplaces.Youwouldfindmostpeoplesatreadingnewspaperswhenyoutookontrain.Englishpeoplerarelyshakehandsexceptwhenbeingintroducedtosomeoneforthefirsttime.PrivacyTheEnglishpeopleareverystrictaboutprivacy.IfyouaskanEnglishman“Whereareyougoing?”or“Haveyoueaten?”hemightthinkyouareveryrude.Itisimpolitetobecuriousabouttheprivateaffairsofothers,evenyourfriend.Itisexceedinglyimpropertoreadtheirlettersorpapers.CustomsConnected

withtheKingorQueenNowthereisaQueeninBritain.Ifyouattendimportantpublicoccasions,youwillcommonlyhearthesolemnsong“GodSavetheQueen”.Whenthisnationalanthemisplayed,stillmostEnglishpeoplestandup.Ifyouwereatanimportantbanquet,whenyoudrinkwine,thefirsttoast[toust]isalwaystotheQueen.InAmericaonecancriticizeorjokeaboutthePresident,butInBritainpeopleareneverallowedtojokeabouttheKingorQueen.However,wemustseeclearlythatthesocialchangeshavetakenplaceinBritainduringthepastfortyyears.Thepoprevolutionofthe1960s,greatlychangedthepatternofEnglishlife.FourLiverpoolboysjoinedtogetherinagroupandcalledthemselves“theBeatles”.Theyrepresentedangerandbitternessofyouthstrugglingforfreedomagainstauthority,andforthisreasontheywereregardedbysomepeopleasthepersonification化身,象征ofthepermissive自由的society.在飲食方面，英語民族差異不大。英國人、大利亞人一般是一日三餐加茶點(diǎn)。早餐食品有牛奶、麥片粥、油煎雞蛋、涂果醬或黃油的面包片，間或有火腿、咸肉或熏魚等。上午茶點(diǎn)在10點(diǎn)半左右，喝杯咖啡、奶茶或可樂，吃些餅干或甜點(diǎn)，意在工間小憩，并適時(shí)補(bǔ)充一些水分和熱量，以利做好后面的工作。午餐在下午1～2點(diǎn)之間，工作人員一般在快餐館用餐，以炸薯片、漢堡包、熱狗、三明治、意大利餡餅、可樂為主，即使居家午餐也較為簡單，往往吃頭天晚上剩下的冷肉、蔬菜沙拉、面包等。下午四五點(diǎn)鐘又是茶點(diǎn)休息，時(shí)間約20分鐘左右，喝杯奶茶，吃點(diǎn)點(diǎn)心。在英國,邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方午餐、晚餐、到酒吧喝酒或觀看戲劇、芭蕾舞等,會(huì)被當(dāng)作送禮的等價(jià)。主人提供的飲品,客人飲量以不超過3杯為宜,如果感到喝夠了,可以將空杯迅速地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一下，然后交給主人，這表示喝夠了，多謝的意思。酒館開門時(shí)間一般是上午11時(shí)至下午3時(shí),下午5時(shí)半到晚上11時(shí)。酒館里渴酒的人一般比較多,高峰時(shí),后來的客人沒有座位,就買零酒隨便站著喝。

一天當(dāng)中最豐盛的是晚餐，也稱正餐，至少三道菜，最常見的主菜是烤炙肉類澆肉汁，以及牛排、火腿、魚類等，還有土豆泥、蔬菜沙拉等，一般還要喝啤酒或葡萄酒。飯前要先喝湯，飯后上水果。值得提到的是英國人對(duì)飲茶情有獨(dú)鐘。喝茶在英國人看來是一種樂趣，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，英國人海午平均捎費(fèi)茶葉3.4千克。為西方各國之冠。他們尤其愛喝中國的祁門紅茶。但在喝法上與我們不同，一般要加少許牛奶，而且是先把奶倒人茶杯再?zèng)_茶，并非在沏好的茶中加牛奶，許多人還喜歡再加些糖。但英國人在工作中不喝茶，多是在茶點(diǎn)休息時(shí)喝，一般在吃飯時(shí)和飯后不喝茶。另外，蘇格蘭人對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)特產(chǎn)烈酒威士忌很喜歡，但許多人已不喝純威士忌了，而是加冰水、蘇打水或汽水。從口味來看，英國人和澳大利亞人喜愛甜酸味，不喜太咸，注重營養(yǎng)，講究新鮮，健康食品很受歡迎。美國人、加拿大人的飲食習(xí)慣是一日三餐。早餐與英、澳相似英國人性格孤僻,生活刻板,辦事認(rèn)真，對(duì)外界事情不感興趣,往往寡言少語,對(duì)新鮮事物持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,具有獨(dú)特的冷靜的幽默。他們保守、冷漠，感情輕意不外露,即便有很傷心的事,也常常不表現(xiàn)出來。他們很少發(fā)脾氣,能忍耐,不愿意與別人作無謂的爭論。英國人做事很有耐心,任何情況之下,他們絕不面露焦急之色。英國人待人彬彬有禮,講話十分客氣,“謝謝”、“請(qǐng)”字不離口。對(duì)英國人講話也要客氣,不論他們是服務(wù)員還是司機(jī),都要以禮相待，請(qǐng)他辦事時(shí)說話要委婉,不要使人感到有命令的口吻,否則,可能會(huì)使你遭到冷遇。英國人對(duì)于婦女是比較尊重的,在英國,“女士優(yōu)先”的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣很濃。如走路時(shí),要讓女士先進(jìn)。乘電梯讓婦女先進(jìn)。乘公共汽車、電車時(shí),要讓女子先上。斟酒要給女賓或女主人先斟。在街頭行走,男的應(yīng)走外側(cè),以免發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)時(shí),保護(hù)婦女免受傷害。丈夫通常要偕同妻子參加各種社交活動(dòng),而且總是習(xí)慣先將妻子介紹給貴賓認(rèn)識(shí)。

英國人注意服裝,穿著要因時(shí)而異。他們往往以貌取人,儀容態(tài)度尤須注意。英國人講究穿戴,只要一出家門,就得衣冠楚楚。雖然英國人已無昔日的雄風(fēng),可是自負(fù)心特別強(qiáng)。中、上層的人士由于過著舒適的生活，因此,養(yǎng)成了一種傳統(tǒng)的"紳士"、"淑女"風(fēng)度。但他們守舊,一般都熱衷于墨守成規(guī),矜持莊重。一般家庭喜愛以前幾代傳下來的舊家俱、舊擺設(shè)、舊鐘表而炫耀于人。首都倫敦有許多"百年老店",而且越是著名的商店,越對(duì)原有的式樣或布置保持得越完整。汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)雖然換上新型號(hào)的了,但車型還要盡量保持過去的老樣子。倫敦有兩家郵局,一年365天晝夜?fàn)I業(yè)，從不休息，據(jù)說這是遵循英國的古老傳統(tǒng)而保留下來的。

英國各民族還是遵循傳統(tǒng)的習(xí)慣,宜避免老用"English"一字來表示"英國的".如遇到兩個(gè)商人,一個(gè)是蘇格蘭人或威爾士人,你說他是"英國人",那么