考研考博-英語-中國(guó)計(jì)量大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國(guó)計(jì)量大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sherefusedtolettheinjurykeepherfrom（

）hergoalofbeingintheOlympics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detaining

B.attaining

C.screwing

D.sifting

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。detain“拘留；耽擱”；attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；screw“轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，擰”；sift“篩選”。句意：她不會(huì)讓受傷阻止她實(shí)現(xiàn)參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Icanthinkofnothingmore（

）thanarrivingatthetheateranddiscoveringthatIhavelefttheticketsathome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vicious

B.inviting

C.vexatious

D.immoral

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。vicious“惡毒的，惡意的”；inviting“吸引人的，誘人的”；vexatious“令人煩惱的，讓人生氣的”；immoral“不道德的，邪惡的”。句意：我想不出有什么事比到了電影院卻發(fā)現(xiàn)把電影票落在家里更令人煩惱。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。

句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Duringtheconstructionofskyscrapers,cranesareusedto（

）buildingmaterialstotheupperfloors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toss

B.tow

C.hoist

D.hurl

【答案】C

【解析】toss投擲，顛簸，搖勻；tow拖，拽，牽引；hoist吊起，升起；hurl丟下，用力投擲。句意：在摩天大樓的建造過程中，起重機(jī)被用來把建筑材料吊到較高的樓層。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational（

）areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.dominance

C.prerequisite

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“所需的東西，必要條件”；B選項(xiàng)dominance“支配，控制”；C選項(xiàng)prerequisite“先決條件，前提”；D選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，首要事情，優(yōu)先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.（大多數(shù)國(guó)家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力，特別是家庭暴力，作為國(guó)家犯罪預(yù)防政策的______領(lǐng)域）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：大多數(shù)國(guó)家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力，特別是家庭暴力，作為國(guó)家犯罪預(yù)防政策的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域。

6.單選題

When（

）atthedoor,shewasgivenawarmwelcome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appear

B.appeared

C.appearing

D.appears

【答案】C

【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句與從句的主語一致時(shí)，可以省略相同的主語和be動(dòng)詞。此題從句中的邏輯主語為she，she與appear之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，選C。句意：當(dāng)她在門口出現(xiàn)時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。

7.單選題

Asanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyofmodalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bravery

B.expertise

C.proficiency

D.sympathy

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.bravery勇敢B.expertise專門知識(shí)；專門技術(shù)

C.proficiency精通；熟練D.sympathy同情；慰問

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由本句句意可知作為一名護(hù)士，所應(yīng)該有的是同情心以及專業(yè)的知識(shí)，而從前半句中的“naturalhealer（天生的治療師）”可知天生所擁有的是同情心，所以D選項(xiàng)“同情，慰問”符合題意。劃線單詞compassion“同情”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)bravery勇敢，與護(hù)士治療病人無關(guān)，不符合句意；

B選項(xiàng)expertise專門知識(shí)；專門技術(shù)，因?yàn)檎f的是天生的治療師，因此應(yīng)該是天生所具有的品格，專門知識(shí)是后天所擁有的；

C選項(xiàng)proficiency精通；熟練，這也是后天才具備的，不符合句意。

【句意】作為一名護(hù)士，多蘿西是一個(gè)天生的治療師，她被賦予了同情心，有各種各樣的方式來幫助她的所有年齡的病人。

8.單選題

Thegoalofcommunicationisto（

）thoughtsandideasclearlyandeffectivelythroughvariousmodesofcommunication,includingspeakingandwriting,telecommunicationsandothertechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promote

B.articulate

C.generate

D.brainstorm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。promote意為“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”；articulate意為“明確表達(dá)，發(fā)音清晰”；generate意為“形成，造成”；brainstorm意為“具體討論”。

句意：溝通的目的是通過各種交流方式，包括說話和寫作、電信和其他技術(shù)，清晰有效地表達(dá)思想觀念。

9.單選題

Howbesttosolvethepollutionproblemsofacitysunksodeepwithinsulfurouscloudsthatitwasdescribedashellonearth?Simplyanswered:Relocateallurbansmoke-creatingindustryandencirclethemetropolisofLondonwithsweetlyscentedflowersandeleganthedges.

Infact,asChristineL.Corton,aCambridgescholar,revealsinhernewbook,LondonFog,thisfragrantanti-smokeschemewasthebrainchildofJohnEvelyn,the17th-centurydiarist.KingCharlesIIwassaidtobemuchpleasedwithEvelyn’sidea,andabillagainstthesmokynuisancewasdulydrafted.Thennothingwasdone.Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.

Andyetit’sasurprisetodiscoverhowbelovedafeatureofLondonlifethesemulticoloredfogsbecame.Apainter,ClaudeMonet,fleeingbesiegedParisin1870,fellinlovewithLondon’svaporous,mutatingclouds.Helookeduponthefamiliarmistashisreliablecollaborator.Visitorsfromabroadmayhavedelightedinthefog,buthomegrownartistslitcandlesandvainlyscrubbedthegrimefromtheirgloom-filledstudiowindows.“Giveuslight!”FredericLeightonpleadedtotheguestsataLordMayor’sbanquetin1882,beggingthemtohavepityonthepoorpainter.

ThemoreserioussideofCorton’sbookdocumentshowbusinesshastakenprecedenceoverhumanitywhereLondon’shistoryofpollutionisconcerned.Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.Thosewhocouldafforditlivedelsewhere.Theeastwasabandonedtotheunderclass.LordPalmerstonspokeupforchokingEastEndersinthe1850s,pointingafingerattheinterestsofthefurnaceowners.Abillwaspassed,buttherewaslittlechange.Eventually,anotherconnectionwasestablished:betweenLondon’sperpetualveilofsmoganditscitizens’cozilysmolderinggrates.Sadly,popularWorldWarIsongsdidn’tdomuchtoencouragetheadoptionofsmokelessfuel.

Itwasn’tuntilwhatcametobeknownasthe“GreatKillerFog”of1952thatthecasualtyratebecameimpossibletoignoreandtheBritishpressfinallytookupthecause.ItwaslefttoaMemberofParliamenttosteertheCleanAirActintolawin1956.Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.

1.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

2.Theword“grime”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.WhichwouldbemostheavilyaffectedbyLondon’spollutionaccordingtoCarton’sbook?

4.Theauthormainlyshowsinthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefragrantanti-smokeschemewasputforwardbyJohnEvelyn’schild.

B.KingCharlesIIwasnotsomuchcontentedwithJohnEvelyn’sproposalattheverybeginning.

C.Theprocessofdraftingthebillagainstthesmokynuisancewasrelativelyslow.

D.Itwasn’tuntil1950sthatsomeonewillinglyputpublichealthabovecommercialinterests.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fog

B.dirt

C.frost

D.paint

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Richdwellersintheeast.

B.Theunderclassinthewest.

C.EastLondon’sslumdwellers.

D.Servantsoffurnaceowners.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“GreatKillerFog”resultedinhugemortalityforBritain

B.theBritishpresswasalsoplayingamajorroleintheprocess

C.itwasalongwayfortheCleanAirActtobepassed

D.reducingtheairpollutionworkedthoughintheprimarystage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Nobodyatthetime,andnobodyrightuptothemiddleofthe20th-century,waswillingtoputpublichealthabovebusinessinterests.（在那個(gè)時(shí)候，直到20世紀(jì)中葉，都沒有人愿意把公共健康置于商業(yè)利益之上。），說明20世紀(jì)中葉之前沒有人愿意把公共健康置于商業(yè)利益之上。因此D選項(xiàng)“直到20世紀(jì)50年代，才有人愿意將公眾健康置于商業(yè)利益之上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“芬芳抗煙計(jì)劃是由約翰?伊夫林的孩子提出的”，原文只說芬芳抗煙計(jì)劃是約翰?伊夫林的想法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“查理二世國(guó)王一開始就不滿意約翰?伊夫林的提議”，與原文的muchpleasedwith（非常滿意）相反，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“反煙害法案的起草過程比較緩慢”，與原文的duly（按時(shí)的）不符，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句London’svaporous,mutatingclouds（倫敦蒸汽繚繞，如同變異的霧靄），再結(jié)合第一段的sulfurousclouds（硫磺霧霾）和urbansmoke-creatingindustry（城市里所有制造濃煙的工業(yè)），說明在畫室窗上的“grime”是煤塵污垢。因此B選項(xiàng)“污垢、灰塵”正確。A選項(xiàng)“霧”，C選項(xiàng)“霜”，D選項(xiàng)“顏料”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段第二句Aprevailingwesterlywindmeantthatthosedwellingtotheeastwerealwaysatmostrisk.（盛行的西風(fēng)意味著居住在東邊的人總是處于最大的危險(xiǎn)之中。），說明住在東邊的人受到污染的影響更大。因此C選項(xiàng)“倫敦東部的貧民窟居民”正確。A選項(xiàng)“東部的富人居民”，由原文可知有錢人會(huì)搬家，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“西部的底層居民”，由原文可知西部居民受到的污染影響較小，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大熔爐主人們的傭人”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，最后一段前兩句指出為治理霧霾而努力的具體事件，第三句總結(jié)Withinafewyears,evenasthewaragainstpollutionwasstillinitsinfancy,thedreadedfogbegantofade.（短短幾年后，即使與污染的斗爭(zhēng)仍處于起步階段，可怕的霧霾開始消退。），說明雖然剛剛開始，但治理霧霾的措施起作用了。因此D選項(xiàng)“盡管處于初期，但減少空氣污染奏效了”正確。A選項(xiàng)“殺人大霧”給英國(guó)造成巨大的死亡，C選項(xiàng)“《空氣清潔法案》的通過是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過程”只是表層示例，所以A，C錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)媒體在這一過程中也發(fā)揮了重要作用”不是作者主要想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

10.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore_______tolightthanhumaneyes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glowing

B.sensitive

C.brilliant

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glowing“灼熱的；熱情洋溢的；鮮艷的”；B選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的；感覺的；靈敏的；感光的；易受傷害的；易受影響的”；C選項(xiàng)brilliant“燦爛的，閃耀的；杰出的；有才氣的；精彩的，絕妙的”；D選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的；陰郁的”。句意：雖然貓?jiān)谕耆诎抵锌床灰姈|西，但它們的眼睛比人眼對(duì)光更敏感。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itseemsthat

B.hereseem

C.thereseemtobe

D.itseemstobe

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定句型。句意：根據(jù)元素周期表，似乎仍有一些元素未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。A選項(xiàng)itseemsthat放進(jìn)來that引導(dǎo)的主語從句缺主語，語法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)hereseem放進(jìn)來句子缺主語，here不能充當(dāng)主語成分；C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe是therebe句型，當(dāng)seem用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其通常的表現(xiàn)形式為Thereseemstobe…，tobe可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留為多見；D選項(xiàng)itseemstobe中it指代不明確，用法錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)thereseemtobe符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（41）“一帶一路”的獨(dú)特部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)建立陸地和海洋基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是所有國(guó)家的永久性需求。由于各國(guó)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的普遍重視，區(qū)域性的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和聯(lián)通項(xiàng)目建設(shè)從政治上來說相對(duì)容易往前推進(jìn)。這些項(xiàng)目將自然地增加貿(mào)易、投資和各國(guó)之間人民的交流?？鐕?guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目服務(wù)于跨境貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)，因而是比自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定更容易促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的方式，而這是當(dāng)今世界上很多國(guó)家都強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的。

（42）中國(guó)迄今為止已成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了漸進(jìn)式經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑，接下來的問題是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)?？纯丛鲩L(zhǎng)的需求端，投資長(zhǎng)期以來已成為主要驅(qū)動(dòng)。盡管中國(guó)的人均資本存量比更發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體低，(中國(guó))仍然需要實(shí)現(xiàn)從投資向消費(fèi)的逐漸平衡，以避免進(jìn)一步的資本錯(cuò)配及其負(fù)面影響，如一些行業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)的過剩。中國(guó)在兩年前就已經(jīng)開始這種再平衡努力了，最近的政府工作報(bào)告及2017年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃草案又重申了對(duì)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)的重視。

【答案】41.TheuniquepartoftheBeltandRoadliesinemphasizingtheestablishmentofterrestrialandmarineinfrastructure.Andinfrastructureisapermanentneedforallcountries.Ascountriesgenerallyattachimportancetoinfrastructure,theconstructionofregionalinfrastructureandconnectingprojectsisrelativelyeasytomoveforwardpolitically.Theseprojectswillnaturallyincreasetrade,investmentandexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Transnationalinfrastructureprojectsservethegrowthgoalsofcross-bordertrade.Andtherefore,aneasierwaytopromotetradethanfreetradeagreements,whichmanycountriesintheworldtodaystronglyoppose.

42.Chinahassofarmanagedagradualeconomicdownturn,andthenextquestionishowtoachievelong-termsustainablegrowth.Consideringthegrowingdemandside,investmenthaslongbeenthemaindriver.AlthoughChina’scapitalstockpercapitaislowerthanthatofamoredevelopedeconomies,agradualbalancefrominvestmenttoconsumptionisneededtoavoidfurthercapitalmisallocationanditsnegativeeffects,suchasexcessinsomeindustriesandrealestate.Chinabeganthisrebalancingefforttwoyearsago,andtherecentgovernmentworkreportandthe2017DraftPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentreaffirmedtheemphasisonboostingconsumption.

13.單選題

Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.Toloseweightyousimplyhadtopracticethereverseofhomeeconomics—spendmorethanyouearned.Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.

Tostayahealthyweight,youneedahormonecalledleptontoworkproperly.Itsends“I’mfull”messagesfromthefatcellsuptothebrain,wheretheygo,amongotherplaces,tothesamepleasurecentersthatrespondtodrugslikecocaine.Fatpeopleproduceplentyoflepton,butthebraindoesn’tseemtorespondtoitproperly.LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit（線路）wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.

There’salotofevidenceforthefactthatmost,ifnotall,ofushaveasetpointaroundwhichourweightcanvarybyaboutseventoninekilos,butanythingbeyondthatisarealstruggle.Makingchangesishard,particularlyifyourbodyisworkingagainstyou.Sowhynotrejectthetraditionalapproachesandtrysomenewmethod,basedonthelatestresearch,thatworkwithyourbodyratherthanagainstit.

SeveralyearsagoresearchersattheNationalInstituteonAginginBaltimorereportedthatwhentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.Thesamegoesforhumans,accordingtoDr.JamesJohnson.

Howdoesitwork?Besidesforcingthebodytoburnfat,itmayalsocausehormonalchanges.Mostpeoplesaythatthediettakesabitofgettingusedto,butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.

Olderdietersmayremembersomethingcalledbrownfat.Unliketheundesirablewhitestuff;thiswasadieter’sdream.Insteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.Brownfatfelloutoffavorbecauseresearcherscouldn’tfindmuchinhumansbutnow,thankstotheNewEnglandjournalofMedicine,it’sbackinfashion.Theideaistoexposepeopletocoldtemperatures.Theythenmakemorebrownfatandtheirweightdrops.

1.Thelastsentenceinparagraph1indicatesthatpeople’sunderstandingoflosingweight（）.

2.AccordingtothefindingsoftheOregonResearchInstitute,（）.

3.ThemethodusedbytheNationalInstituteonAgingcanbesummarizedas“（）”.

4.Theword“grinding”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Itcanbelearnedthatbrownfat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isunnecessarilycomplicated

B.seemsratherunreasonable

C.usedtobelimited

D.canbepartlyjustified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Overweightpeoplegotlesspleasurefromeatingthesameamount

B.Overweightpeopleenjoyedeatingmorethantheothersdo

C.Peoplewillbecomeoverweightiftheyeatmorethantheyneed

D.Peoplearemorelikelytobeoverweightiftheyproducelesslepton

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nodietatall

B.Dietonadailybasis

C.Dieteveryotherday

D.Dietpermanently

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Effective

B.Realistic

C.Unreliable

D.Miserable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.convertsexcessenergyintofat

B.accumulateseasilyinhumanbodies

C.worksbetterinwarmtemperatures

D.burnsextraenergytoproduceheat

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第一段說到“Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.（從前，人們認(rèn)為保持健康的體重很容易。）”；“Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.（不幸的是，對(duì)許多人來說，事實(shí)證明人比銀行賬戶復(fù)雜得多，但這也許并不令人意外。）”，由這兩句可以看出以前人們對(duì)減肥的概念很片面、有限，殊不知人體機(jī)能是很復(fù)雜的，所以最后一句話表明了人們對(duì)減肥的理解是很有限的，A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜難懂的”；B選項(xiàng)“似乎是相當(dāng)不合理的”；D選項(xiàng)“部分可以被證明的”都不符合段意，因此C選項(xiàng)“過去是有限的”正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。theOregonResearchInstitute的研究出現(xiàn)在第二段，原文“LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit（線路）wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.（去年俄勒岡州研究所研究人員掃描超重的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的大腦獎(jiǎng)賞回路（線路）是不夠的。他們吃得更多，試圖獲得他們錯(cuò)過的樂趣。）”的意思是胖的人和其他人吃同等數(shù)量的食物時(shí)，他們獲得的樂趣會(huì)比其他人少，因?yàn)樗麄兇竽X中的獎(jiǎng)賞回路不如其他人，因此會(huì)吃更多來試圖獲得樂趣。B選項(xiàng)“超重的人比其他人吃得更多”；C選項(xiàng)“如果人們吃得比需要的多，他們就會(huì)超重”；D選項(xiàng)“如果產(chǎn)生的瘦素較少，人們更有可能超重”都不是該研究的內(nèi)容，因此A選項(xiàng)“超重的人在吃同樣數(shù)量的食物時(shí)得到的快樂較少”正確。

3.推理判斷題。theNationalInstituteonAging的研究出現(xiàn)在第四段，原文說到“whentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.（當(dāng)他們一天給老鼠很少的食物，第二天讓它們吃大量的食物時(shí)，它們幾乎顯示出了長(zhǎng)期限制卡路里飲食的所有好處。）”。所以這個(gè)方法可以總結(jié)為隔天節(jié)食。A選項(xiàng)“不節(jié)食”不正確；B選項(xiàng)“日常節(jié)食”也不正確；D選項(xiàng)“永久性節(jié)食”也不是該研究的內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)“隔天節(jié)食”正確。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。第五段“butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.（但并不像每天嘗試節(jié)食那么痛苦。）”。grinding的意思是“無休止的；（狀態(tài)）難熬的”，A選項(xiàng)Effective“有效的，實(shí)際的”；B選項(xiàng)Realistic“現(xiàn)實(shí)的，逼真的”；C選項(xiàng)Unreliable“不可靠的，靠不住的”；D選項(xiàng)Miserable“痛苦的，悲慘的”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。brownfat出現(xiàn)在文章第六段?！癐nsteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.（棕色脂肪組織并沒有以脂肪的形式儲(chǔ)存多余的能量，而是通過燃燒來保持體溫——至少在老鼠身上是這樣的。）”，該句說明棕色脂肪燃燒多余的能量來產(chǎn)生熱量。A選項(xiàng)“把多余的能量轉(zhuǎn)化成脂肪”；B選項(xiàng)“容易在人體內(nèi)積聚”；C選項(xiàng)“在溫暖的溫度下工作效果更好”都與原文事實(shí)不符，因此D選項(xiàng)“燃燒額外的能量產(chǎn)生熱量”正確。

14.單選題

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw,havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong—andyetmostdidlittletofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“l(fā)ikehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren,thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.

36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto（）

37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat（）

38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?

39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.

B.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.

C.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.

D.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.

B.initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.

C.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.

D.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.

B.Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.

C.Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.

D.Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.

B.Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.

C.Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.

D.Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.moralconsiderations.

B.militaryexperience.

C.financialconditions.

D.politicalstand.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。分析出作者是如何從華盛頓的軼事過渡到下文主題的，是本題的解題關(guān)鍵?？v觀全文，從“華盛頓使用奴隸的牙”，到“華盛頓看到櫻桃樹的典型形象”，再到“奴隸制在開國(guó)元?jiǎng)椎纳钪邪缪莸慕巧笨芍?，華盛頓是行文的線索，作者從講述他鮮為人知的故事入手，引出話題，因此D選項(xiàng)“揭示了他生活中未知的一面”正確。

37.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第五句Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy（幾位歷史學(xué)家的著作揭示了美國(guó)早期領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做出的道德妥協(xié)，以及這個(gè)國(guó)家初期的脆弱本質(zhì)）可推斷出，B選項(xiàng)“在建國(guó)初期，美國(guó)面臨著微妙的局勢(shì)”正確。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate（雖然華盛頓和杰斐遜私下里表達(dá)了對(duì)奴隸制的厭惡，但他們也明白，奴隸制是他們幫助創(chuàng)建的美國(guó)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的一部分）可知，雖然杰斐遜私下厭惡奴隸制，但也明白其政治生涯也得益于奴隸制，顯然他對(duì)奴隸制的態(tài)度是復(fù)雜的，C選項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第五句中的Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800…（這個(gè)五分之三的公式讓杰斐遜在1800年的總統(tǒng)選舉中以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)獲勝）可以推斷出，A選項(xiàng)“一些開國(guó)元?jiǎng)自谡紊鲜芤嬗谂`制”符合題意。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill（華盛頓在目睹了美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間黑人士兵的英勇事跡后，開始相信人人生而平等。他克服了親戚們的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，在遺囑中賦予了他的奴隸自由）可知，B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

Today’schangedconditionsfordoingsocialtheoryhavedisturbedtheoriginalbalanceoftradebetweenlayandexpertsocialtheorists.Werewetocompare,say,theendofthenineteenthcenturytotheendofthetwentieth,wewouldsoonfindtwomajordifferencesinthecircumstancesaffectingwhothinkaboutsociallifeandhowtheythink.First,thenumberofpeoplewithreadyaccesstoaculturesupportiveofcriticalthinkinghasincreaseddramatically,especiallyaftertheholdoftheEuropeanpowersontheircoloniescametoaformalend,primarilyduringthe1950sand1960s.Second,thepeoplenormallyengagedincriticalsocialthinkingarenolongernecessarilymembersoforidentifiedwithadominantclassofbourgeoisintellectuals.Manyofthenewsocialtheoristsdonotconsiderthemselvesbourgeois,andmanyarevisiblynotanythinglikethewhite,maleadvocatesofEuropeanculturewhowrotethefirst,best-knownsocialtheories.Thesetwodifferences—oneofnumber,oneofkind—makesocialtheorytodayanenterpriselargely,butnotentirely,differentfromthatofthenineteenthcentury.

【答案】【參考譯文】

當(dāng)今社會(huì)理論研究的條件發(fā)生了變化，打破了外行社會(huì)理論家與專家社會(huì)理論家之間原有的貿(mào)易平衡。比如說，如果我們比較一下19世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)末，我們很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)影響人們思考社會(huì)生活和他們?nèi)绾嗡伎嫉沫h(huán)境有兩大不同。首先，有機(jī)會(huì)接觸到支持批判性思維的文化的人數(shù)急劇增加，特別是在歐洲列強(qiáng)對(duì)其殖民地的控制正式結(jié)束之后，主要是在20世紀(jì)50年代和60年代。第二，通常從事批判性社會(huì)思維的人不再一定是或不再被認(rèn)為是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子的主導(dǎo)階級(jí)成員。許多新社會(huì)理論家并不認(rèn)為自己是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)，而且許多人顯然一點(diǎn)也不像那些倡導(dǎo)歐洲文化的白人男性，他們寫出了第一批最著名的社會(huì)理論。這兩種不同——一種是數(shù)量上的不同，一種是種類上的不同——使得今天的社會(huì)理論在很大程度上（但不是完全）不同于19世紀(jì)的社會(huì)理論。

16.單選題

Thesphereshadbeenmagnetized______attractedorrepelledeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sothatthey

B.sotheywere

C.asiftheyhad

D.inorderthatthey

【答案】A

【解析】考查結(jié)果狀語從句。根據(jù)句子可知，空格后面的內(nèi)容是前面部分句子的結(jié)果，所以這里是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句，sothat可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“所以”，故A項(xiàng)正確；B項(xiàng)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但eachother前面沒有by，所以不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；C項(xiàng)asif引導(dǎo)的是方式狀語從句；D項(xiàng)表示目的。句意：這些球被磁化了，所以它們相互吸引或排斥。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論；似是而非的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”；B選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；D選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定；（常復(fù)數(shù)）商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常復(fù)數(shù)）上訴各項(xiàng)”。句意：父母?jìng)兘?jīng)常面對(duì)這樣的兩難處境，是選擇做他們認(rèn)為的對(duì)孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢，還是選擇對(duì)其放任自流。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheisagreatathlete.

B.Sheisafamedspeaker.

C.Sheisafamousscientist.

D.Sheisanotedinventor.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving.

B.Hownutritionhelpsathletes’performanceincompetitions.

C.Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ourphysicalstructures.

B.Ourscientificknowledge.

C.Ourbiochemicalprocess.

D.Ourconceptofnutrition.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B.Itmayleadtoathletes’overrelianceonequipment.

C.Itmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.

D.Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Tonight,wehaveaveryspecialguest.[1]Mrs.AnnaSanchezisathree-timeOlympicchampionandauthorofthenewbookTotheEdge.Mrs.Sanchez,thankyouforjoiningus.

W:Thankyouforhavingme.

M:Let’sstartwithyourbook.Whatdoesthetitle“TotheEdge”mean?What’reyoureferringto?

W:[2]Thebookisabouthowscienceandtechnologyhashelpedpushhumanstotheedgeoftheirphysicalabilities.Iarguethatinthepast20years,we’vehadthebestathletestheworldhaseverseen.

M:Butisthisafaircomparison?Howdoyouknowhow,say,afootballplayerfrom50yearsagowouldcomparetoonetoday?

W:Well,youareright.Thatcomparisonwouldbeperhapsimpossibletomake.Butthepointismoreaboutourknowledgetodayofhumanbiochemistry,nutrition,andmechanics.[3]Ibelievethatwhileourbodieshavenotchangedinthousandsofyears,whathaschangedisthescientificknowledge.Thishasallowedathletestopushthelimitsofwhatwaspreviouslythoughtpossible.

M:That’sinteresting.Pleasetellusmoreabouttheseperceivedlimits.

W:Theworldisseeingsportsrecordsbeingbrokenthatcouldonlybebrokenwiththeaidoftechnology.Whetherthisbethespeedofatennisserveorthefastesttimeinahundred-meterdashortwo-hundred-meterswimmingrace.

M:[4]Isthereanyconcernthattechnologyisgivingsomeathletesanunfairadvantageoverothers?

W:Thatisaninterestingquestionandonethathastobeconsideredverycarefully.Skis,forexample,wentfrombeingmadeofwoodtoametalalloy,whichallowsforbettercontrolandfasterspeed.There’snostoppingtechnologicalprogress.But,asIsaid,eachsituationshouldbeconsideredcarefullyonacase-by-casebasis.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutAnnaSanchez?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士，我們可以了解到什么？對(duì)話開頭男士提到今天的嘉賓AnnaSanchez是三屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍（athree-timeOlympicchampion），因此A選項(xiàng)“她是名出色的運(yùn)動(dòng)員”正確。B選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的演說家”和D選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的發(fā)明家”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“她是一位著名的科學(xué)家”，主要是利用錄音中提到的science和scientific設(shè)干擾，錄音中女士雖然提及科學(xué)，但這是為了說明科技對(duì)體育的影響，并不是說明女士的身份，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthewoman’sbookmainlyabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問女士的書主要講什么？女士說這本書是關(guān)于科學(xué)和技術(shù)如何促使人類達(dá)到身體能力的極限。D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)如何幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員達(dá)到新的高度”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類生物化學(xué)知識(shí)是如何進(jìn)化的”和B選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)如何幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中的表現(xiàn)”雖然在錄音中有所提及，但不是這本書的主要內(nèi)容，因此均可排除；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練如何使運(yùn)動(dòng)員創(chuàng)造新的紀(jì)錄”，錄音中并沒有提到training（訓(xùn)練），因此C選項(xiàng)也可排除。

3.Whathaschangedinthepastthousandsofyears?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問在過去的幾千年里發(fā)生了什么變化。女士提到，雖然人類的身體幾千年來都沒有改變，但改變的是科學(xué)知識(shí)（scientificknowledge），因此B選項(xiàng)“我們的科學(xué)知識(shí)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“我們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)”，錄音中明確提及人類身體是沒有發(fā)生改變的，因此排除A選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“我們的生化過程”和D選項(xiàng)“我們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)觀念”，錄音中提及的是：如今關(guān)于人類生化學(xué)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)和力學(xué)的知識(shí)已發(fā)生變化。變化的是知識(shí)，并不是過程和觀念，因此均不正確。

4.Whatistheman’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnologyinsportscompetitions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于在體育比賽中科技的運(yùn)用，男士擔(dān)心什么？錄音最后，男士問是否有人擔(dān)心科技會(huì)給一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來對(duì)其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)（anunfairadvantageoverothers），C選項(xiàng)“它可能給一些運(yùn)動(dòng)員不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì)”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“可能增加體育比賽的費(fèi)用”；B選項(xiàng)“可能導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)設(shè)備的過度依賴”和D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)改變體育比賽的性質(zhì)”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

19.單