考研考博-英語-廣西演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會(huì)，開啟了改革開放歷史新時(shí)期。從那時(shí)以來，中國共產(chǎn)黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，譜寫了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會(huì)主義中國的面貌、中國共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開放是黨在新的時(shí)代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

2.單選題

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.

1.Therapidglobalizationofscience

（

）.

2.Accordingtothistext（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternet

B.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareers

C.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUS

D.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscience

B.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfuture

C.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthy

D.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternet

B.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarkets

C.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctions

D.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.S

B.theshortageofscientistsintheU.S

C.Therapidglobalizationofscience

D.Bettercommunicationandglobalization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到美國40%的博士生都是來自其他國家，而這些學(xué)生在美國接受完教育后選擇回到自己的祖國，因此，隨著科學(xué)本身的國際化，美國在科學(xué)界領(lǐng)域的地位正在下降（isdiminishing）。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段提到了美國本國的學(xué)生與國外留學(xué)生對(duì)工作選擇的期望不同：那些來自于低收入國家的學(xué)生會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)研究助理的職位趨之若鶩，而本國的學(xué)生卻對(duì)此不感興趣，他們有更好的選擇(seebetteroptionsinotherfields)。選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)于美國本國學(xué)生沒有吸引力的工作，對(duì)外國學(xué)生卻有著吸引力”符合題意。

3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投機(jī)性高漲（speculativeboom），這種高漲導(dǎo)致學(xué)校里的老師只想盡可能多的去獲得更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益(theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible)，后半部分Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices提到接下來的幾十年，一種健康的方式在逆轉(zhuǎn)之前的道路，由此可推斷90年代的繁榮被認(rèn)為是不健康的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互網(wǎng)的誕生、廉價(jià)的款待網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通方式（therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication）、不同地方的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)時(shí)溝通都推動(dòng)了全球化進(jìn)程（real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations），所以只有選項(xiàng)B沒有推動(dòng)全球化，符合題意。

5.文章第一二段主要講述了由于留學(xué)生的增多，并且這些學(xué)生大都會(huì)選擇回自己的國家，從而導(dǎo)致美國在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位開始動(dòng)搖，第三段講述了90年代那種不健康的高漲：很多學(xué)校的教師將科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)利益掛鉤，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。所以文章主要在論述美國在科學(xué)界的領(lǐng)先地位與科學(xué)全球化的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whenluckplaysarole.

B.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.

C.Whatdeterminessuccess.

D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.

B.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.

C.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.

D.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.

B.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.

C.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.

D.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.

B.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.

C.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.

D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:IhavemanyBusinessEnglishstudents.[5]WhenIteachtheclassroom,weoftenenduptalkingaboutthingslikesuccessandwhatleadstosuccess.Andit’sinterestingthatmanyofthemmentiontheelementofluck.

M:Right.

W:Luckisimportanttosuccess.Butsinceyou’veseenthatfantasticvideoontheTedtalk’swebsitebyRichardSt.John,hedoesn’tmentionluckatall.

M:Well,I’mafirmbelieverthatpeoplecanmaketheirownluck.Imeanwhatpeopleregardasluck,youcanactuallycreatetoadegree.

W:Sure.[6]Ithinkalotofwhatpeopleconsiderluckisattributedtohowyourespondtotheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.

M:Yes,verygoodpoint.

W:[6]Seizingtheopportunities.Butwasthereanypointinthevideothatyouthoughtwasparticularlyinteresting?

M:Yes,actuallytherewas.Somethingveryimpressivetomeismanypeoplethinkthatluckisimportantandthatnaturaltalentissomethingyoumusthaveinordertobesuccessful.[7]Andinthevideowesaw,thepointaboutgettinggoodatsomethingisnotabouthavingsomenaturaltalent,it’sallaboutpractice,practice,practice...

W:Definitelyyeah.Naturaltalenthelpsinsomeway.Butattheendoftheday,youreallydoneedtoworkhardandgetreally,reallygoodatwhatyoudo.

M:Sure.

W:Ithoughtoneinterestingthinginthevideowastheideaofpassionbeingsoimportantandthatpeoplewhoreallylovewhattheydo.Ofcourseyou’regoingtowanttoworkharderandputthetimeandeffortintoit.[8]Andthefunnythingisthatifyoulovewhatyoudoandarereallypassionateaboutitandworkreallyhard,themoneykindofcomesautomatically.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問說話者主要在談?wù)撌裁?？錄音開頭，女士就提到她在教學(xué)課堂上經(jīng)常會(huì)討論“成功”這個(gè)話題以及什么因素導(dǎo)致了成功。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“什么決定了成功”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)什么時(shí)候發(fā)揮作用”，錄音只是提及幸運(yùn)對(duì)于成功的作用，并沒有提及什么時(shí)候發(fā)揮作用，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“是否熟能生巧”和D選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人天賦如何重要”在錄音中雖有提及，但都不是說話人談?wù)摰闹饕獌?nèi)容，因此也可排除。

6.Whatisthewoman’sviewofluck?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士是如何看待運(yùn)氣的？錄音中，女士提到運(yùn)氣對(duì)成功來說是很重要，但是否有運(yùn)氣其實(shí)主要是看我們能否把握機(jī)會(huì)。B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)氣意味著善于把握機(jī)會(huì)”符合錄音原文，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)有時(shí)會(huì)自己找上門”和D選項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)自然來自于一個(gè)人的自信”在錄音中均沒有信息提及。C選項(xiàng)“幸運(yùn)是任何人都不可能創(chuàng)造出來的”，錄音中，男士提到一定程度上幸運(yùn)是需要我們自己創(chuàng)造的，女士對(duì)此表示認(rèn)同，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

7.WhatisthechiefpointtheTedtalk’svideomakes?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問Ted演講視頻的要點(diǎn)是什么？錄音中，男士提到，Ted演講視頻里強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人是否擅長做某事并不是取決于其個(gè)人天賦，而是要靠不斷地練習(xí)。因此A選項(xiàng)“要想擅長某件事，練習(xí)是必不可少的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人應(yīng)該隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備抓住機(jī)會(huì)”在錄音中是女士所提出的觀點(diǎn)，并不是Ted演講視頻的要點(diǎn)，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人必須擁有天賦才能獲得成功”與Ted演講視頻里強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容不符，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)氣很難促進(jìn)一個(gè)人的成功”錄音中女士提到，RichardSt.John在Ted演講網(wǎng)站上的精彩視頻，他一點(diǎn)都沒提到運(yùn)氣。因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

8.WhatdoesthewomanthinkisthefunnythingintheTedtalk’svideo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士認(rèn)為Ted演講視頻中最有趣的事情是什么？錄音最后，女士說她認(rèn)為視頻演講內(nèi)容中有一點(diǎn)很有趣：若一個(gè)人喜歡他所做的事情，對(duì)所從事的工作抱有熱情，并努力做好工作，那金錢自然就會(huì)來。B選項(xiàng)中的passionateabout...為錄音原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，wealthy對(duì)應(yīng)錄音中的es。因此B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)工作的熱情可以使人富有”正確。A選項(xiàng)“熱愛工作的人不太關(guān)心金錢”；C選項(xiàng)“把時(shí)間與精力投放在有趣的事情上是有利可圖的”和D選項(xiàng)“需要錢的人會(huì)自動(dòng)努力工作”均不正確。

4.單選題

Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知這里指處理問題，選項(xiàng)A不符合句意；選項(xiàng)B和C后面都需要接介詞with，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.翻譯題

英語現(xiàn)在是60多個(gè)國家使用的官方或半官方語言。他是書報(bào)出版、科學(xué)技術(shù)，廣告和通俗音樂、計(jì)算機(jī)信息存儲(chǔ)所使用的主要國際語言。今天有4億多以英語為母語，另外大約有4億人使用英語作為第二語言，至少還有5億人把英語作為外語使用。

【答案】Englishisnowtheofficialorhalf-officiallanguageinmorethan60countries.Itistheimportantinternationallanguageusedinpublication,scientifictechnology,advertising,popularmusicandstorageofcomputerinformation.Nowadays,morethan400,000,000peopleuseEnglishastheirmothertongue,whileanother400,000,000useitastheirsecondlanguage,with500,000,000peopleusingitasaforeignlanguage.

6.單選題

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗號(hào)前后沒有連接詞，所以逗號(hào)后面不能是完整的句子，這里是分詞短語做狀語，前后為因果關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)C目的狀語可首先排除；再根據(jù)句意可知，這里表被動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。句意：主席被要求辭職，因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為完全不適合這個(gè)職位。

7.單選題

Thecorporationexpectsonly（）increasesinsalesnextyeardespiteayearlongefforttoreviveitsretailingbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modest

B.predictable

C.dynamic

D.expanding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)modest“適度的，謙虛的”；B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)言的”；C選項(xiàng)dynamic“動(dòng)態(tài)的，動(dòng)力的，有活力的”；D選項(xiàng)expanding“擴(kuò)大的，擴(kuò)展的”。句意：盡管用過去一年的時(shí)間去努力恢復(fù)零售市場(chǎng)，但是公司僅僅期盼業(yè)績（）增長即可。題干中的despite表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格所填單詞應(yīng)該與despite所引導(dǎo)的句子產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果相反，正常情況下，付出了努力必然期盼有回報(bào)，所以這里應(yīng)填與increase意思相反的詞匯。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（對(duì)位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（豎琴師）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisite（先決條件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.

1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?

3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.canbemadebutinalimitedway

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

B.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilar

C.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

D.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞relationship定位到文章第一段，由Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically（詩歌和音樂之間的密切關(guān)系幾乎不需要爭(zhēng)論。在英語中，兩者在歷史上有著密切的聯(lián)系）可知從歷史的角度來看，詩歌與音樂之間的關(guān)系是無可爭(zhēng)辯的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.（作為文學(xué)作品的抒情詩和流行歌曲的抒情詩在本質(zhì)上仍然是一回事：詩歌）可知C選項(xiàng)“一首歌的歌詞和詩歌的歌詞沒有什么不同”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame（我們對(duì)作品評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必須保持一致）可知C選項(xiàng)“歌曲創(chuàng)作和詩歌中最重要的共同評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。

9.單選題

Herhusbandisinterestedindesigningelectronic（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.management

B.safety

C.devices

D.routine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。management“管理，經(jīng)營”；safety“安全”；device“設(shè)備”；routine“例行公事，常規(guī)”。electronicdevices“電子設(shè)備”。句意：她丈夫?qū)υO(shè)計(jì)電子設(shè)備感興趣。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，明亮的”；audible“聽得見的”；amplified“放大的，擴(kuò)充的”。句意：我買了一個(gè)帶有發(fā)光鐘面的鬧鐘，這樣在黑暗中也能看清時(shí)間了。由后半句句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.翻譯題

Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname，topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.

Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren（ormales）isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.

Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,in.theliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.

【答案】在某些社會(huì)中，人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因:傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，討好祖輩;使包括家庭在內(nèi)的宗教儀式正常運(yùn)作。這樣的理由在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會(huì)中可能顯得蒼白無力，但在其他地方，它們?cè)?jīng)是而且確實(shí)是強(qiáng)有力的。

此外，有一類家庭原因,即為了維持或改善婚姻而生孩子,與下列原因有共同的邊界。比如生孩子是為了穩(wěn)住丈夫或占有妻子;修復(fù)或恢復(fù)婚姻活力;增加孩子的數(shù)量是基于家庭幸福就在于此的假設(shè)。相反的情況更強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn):在一些社會(huì)中，不能生育子女（或男性）是對(duì)婚姻的一種威脅，也是離婚的一個(gè)現(xiàn)成理由。

除此之外，兒童對(duì)家庭本身也具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。對(duì)許多人來說，夫妻二人并不是一個(gè)合適的家庭——他們需要孩子來豐富這個(gè)小圈子，來確認(rèn)這個(gè)小圈子的家庭性質(zhì)，來獲得后代的救贖性影響。兒童需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要兒童，家庭作為一個(gè)獨(dú)特的可用的社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)，至少在原則上，可以在一個(gè)變化中，往往是敵對(duì)的世界中獲得安全、舒適、保證和方向。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，這樣的一個(gè)大本營，從字面意義上講，需要不止一個(gè)人來維持和延續(xù)。

12.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial（）toitsburningtemperature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beheated

B.isheated

C.wouldheated

D.toheated

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。requirement為主語，所以后面應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣，后面的動(dòng)詞形式是shoulddo，表示“要求······，其中should是可以省略的。Material與heat之間應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該是shouldbeheated，其中should可以省略，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundantly“豐富地，大量地”；B選項(xiàng)intensely“強(qiáng)烈地”；C選項(xiàng)densely“濃密地，密集地”；D選項(xiàng)intensively“集中地，廣泛地”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“than”可知，前后形成對(duì)比。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

Heavyfoghadcreatedanoptical（）thatmadetheoppositeshoreseemcloserthanitwas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feature

B.property

C.illusion

D.phenomenon

【答案】C

【解析】feature特征；property性能，財(cái)產(chǎn)；illusion幻覺，錯(cuò)覺；phenomenon現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指大霧讓人們產(chǎn)生了視覺上的幻覺。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

15.單選題

Circustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can（）attacktheirtrainer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unexpectedly

B.deliberately

C.reluctantly

D.subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨折題。Unexpectedly意外地,

出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，謹(jǐn)慎地；reluctantly不情愿地,嫌惡地；subsequently隨后,

后來。句意：盡管馬戲團(tuán)里的老虎已經(jīng)被馴服，卻能出人意料地攻擊它們的馴獸師。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto（

）youranger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。holdback“隱藏，退縮，抑制”；holdon“緊緊抓住，不掛斷電話”；holdout“堅(jiān)持，伸出，提供”；holdup“舉起，阻擋”。句意：如果你們都能克制住自己的怒火，這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵本來是可以避免的。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Millionsofpeoplewere（）partiallyorwhollydestitute(貧窮)duringthecivilwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.rendered

C.become

D.ruined

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:deprive“剝奪”；B:render“使成為”；C:become“變成”；D:ruin“毀滅”。句意：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人民都淪落到啼饑號(hào)寒或一貧如洗的地步。根據(jù)語境和句意可知B為正確答案。

18.單選題

Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.Thebroadoutlinesaredrawn,theproperperspectiveachieved,andthetotalimpactofthepicture-to-becanbepartiallyappreciatedinadvance.Soitiswiththedesignofresearch;itspecifiesinadvancethekindsofstatementsthatcanbemadeonthebasisofitsfindingsandfixtheperspectivesagainstwhichthesefindingsaretobeevaluated.

Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.Constructionofthedesignwasguidedbythisgoalofexploringnewmethodsintheanalysisofjuveniledelinquency.However,researchtechniquedevelopedinonecontentcannotbemechanicallytransferredtoanother.Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.

Juveniledelinquencyhasbeenthesubjectofmanypreviousstudiesusingavarietyofresearchtechniques.Thisstudymakesanadditionalcontributionbyusingadesignspeciallyplannedtopermitacomparisonofseveralapproaches.Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.Itwasfoundthatmoststudiescouldbeclassifiedasbelongingstudyandpersonalmotivationstudy.

Eachtypehasitscharacteristicdesignandmodeofinterpretationandeachhasproducedinformationofconsiderableimportance.Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdataofusetothepractitioner.

1.Thephrase"theproject"（Paragraph3）refersto（）.

2.InParagraphOnetheauthordrawsananalogybetween（）.

3.Themajorcontributionofthisstudyisto（）.

4.Thesubjectunderdiscussioninthepassageisabout（）.

5.Threedesigntypesofpreviousresearchesare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anextensiveresearchoncrime

B.afullexplorationofresearchdesigns

C.anelaborateinvestigationintonewtechniques

D.acomprehensiveresearchofjuveniledelinquency

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aresearchandanartist

B.doingresearchanddrawingasketch

C.designingaresearchandmakingasketch

D.researchfindingandpicture’sperspectives

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.carryoutacomprehensiveanalysisofjuveniledelinquency

B.developanewresearchtechniqueeasilytransferredfromoneareatoanother

C.modifycreativelythepreviousresearchfindingofjuveniledelinquency

D.demonstratethesuccessfulapplicationofnewresearchtechniquesinanewarea

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aresearchdesignconcerningjuveniledelinquency

B.applicationofanalogyinstudyingjuveniledelinquency

C.crimeandjuveniledelinquency

D.extensivesurveyofresearchersinjuveniledelinquency

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.interrelatedtoeachother

B.supplementarytoeachother

C.tobemodifiedconsiderably

D.tobeintegratedintoonedesign

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.該研究設(shè)計(jì)的制定得益于項(xiàng)目早期對(duì)以往犯罪研究的廣泛調(diào)查?？芍@個(gè)項(xiàng)目早期就已經(jīng)對(duì)青少年犯罪進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第一段Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)很好的類比就是藝術(shù)家在將他的視覺交付給畫布之前所畫的草圖?？芍司鋵⒆鲅芯吭O(shè)計(jì)與藝術(shù)家畫草圖進(jìn)行類比。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“contribution”可定位到第二段Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.一項(xiàng)研究技術(shù)的新應(yīng)用需要實(shí)質(zhì)性的變化，而本研究的貢獻(xiàn)正是這些創(chuàng)新的改進(jìn)?？芍狢項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造性地改進(jìn)了以往關(guān)于青少年犯罪的研究成果?！闭_。

4.主旨大意題。文章開頭就表明了主題是關(guān)于研究設(shè)計(jì)的。再由第二段Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.這項(xiàng)研究的一個(gè)主要目的是證明新的社會(huì)研究技術(shù)是否能夠幫助拓寬和加深有關(guān)青少年犯罪的知識(shí)。故A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于青少年犯罪的研究設(shè)計(jì)”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdataofusetothepractitioner.然而，在任何研究中都沒有試圖將這三種設(shè)計(jì)類型中的一種或多種集成起來。很明顯,試點(diǎn)研究的一個(gè)主要的貢獻(xiàn)是方法和實(shí)質(zhì)性的結(jié)果將使三種類型的研究整合到一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)中，從而將調(diào)查結(jié)果聯(lián)合起來，并評(píng)估這些調(diào)查結(jié)果在為實(shí)踐者提供數(shù)據(jù)中的相對(duì)重要性?？芍@三種類型的研究將被整合到一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)中。故D項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernm