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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-惠州城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat(

).

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問題1選項

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問題2選項

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問題3選項

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問題4選項

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問題5選項

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”,中文翻譯為:在追求精確性過程中,科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘,它依賴于各種振動的原子或分子,以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知,B選項符合題意,科學(xué)家們希望原子鐘更加準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”,中文翻譯為:這個原子鐘的中心是一個銫原子,當(dāng)加熱到沸水的溫度時,它每秒振動92億次。因此,A項“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”,中文翻譯為:在以每小時18000英里的速度運(yùn)行的軌道衛(wèi)星中,時鐘可以將其時間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站,并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進(jìn)行比較??梢酝茰y出C選項“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”,中文翻譯為:這是可能的,因?yàn)槊糠N原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”,中文翻譯為:例如,氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次??梢缘弥狝選項“振動”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計時精確度、特性和相關(guān)原理,以及它在天文領(lǐng)域的一些應(yīng)用。推測出A選項“和平時期原子的使用”正確。

2.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,(

)themselves.

問題1選項

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項expand“擴(kuò)張,使膨脹”;B選項stretch“伸展,張開”;C選項prolong“延長,拖延(延長時間)”;D選項extend“延伸,擴(kuò)大,推廣,伸出”。stretchoneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懶腰,伸展身體”,句意為:做完早上的工作后,職員們從桌子后面站起來,伸展伸展身體。故正確答案選B。

3.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas______asitislovely.

問題1選項

A.frigid

B.fragile

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項frigid“寒冷的,嚴(yán)寒的;冷淡的”;B選項fragile“脆的;易碎的”;C選項strident“刺耳的;尖銳的;吱吱尖叫的;軋軋作響的”;D選項tedious“沉悶的;冗長乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又_____,又可愛”可知空格處的詞語要與cobweb(蜘蛛網(wǎng))在邏輯上搭配,且與lovely的感情色彩一致,句意:有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱,又可愛。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Leonardojustdiscoveredthathispassporthad(

)threemonthsago.

問題1選項

A.constrained

B.abolished

C.amended

D.expired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。constrain意為“強(qiáng)迫”;abolish意為“廢除,廢止”;amend意為“改良,修改”;expire意為“(因到期而)失效,到期”。

句意:Leonardo剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)他的護(hù)照已經(jīng)過期三個月了。

5.單選題

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

問題1選項

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

問題2選項

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

問題3選項

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

問題4選項

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

問題5選項

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎業(yè)務(wù)的用戶有轉(zhuǎn)向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿,第二段提出谷歌擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)遇到強(qiáng)勁對手,接下來三段都在講谷歌的競爭對手具體采取的措施和谷歌競爭,D選項“谷歌面臨激烈競爭”正確。A選項“谷歌設(shè)法在軟件業(yè)務(wù)中奪取更多的市場份額”,B選項“谷歌的增長在很大程度上威脅到了微軟這樣的公司”和C選項“谷歌主導(dǎo)了在線搜索市場”:是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。文章在第一段提出許多人因?yàn)閼T性而用谷歌,第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.(但他很高興,因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)樹敵無數(shù),現(xiàn)在必須打許多仗;因?yàn)楣雀?,也許是狂妄自大,似乎分心了。),第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram(例如,本月谷歌推出了一款免費(fèi)的在線電子表格程序),列舉了谷歌在其他領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù),可知這里表示的是谷歌的業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到各個領(lǐng)域,一方面對外有很多競爭者,一方面對內(nèi)可能精力不足,B選項“谷歌擴(kuò)展到各個領(lǐng)域”正確。A選項“其對手正試圖結(jié)成聯(lián)盟”,C選項“谷歌高估了它的技術(shù)”和D選項“谷歌新的在線節(jié)目吸引了更多的用戶”:文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。aikido的意思是“合氣道(以擒、摔為主的一種日本武術(shù))”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”(一個好的武術(shù)家可以利用他的對手的勢頭來戰(zhàn)勝他,所以“我們使用搜索合氣道”),所以在這里合氣道的意思是利用對手的攻勢來反攻對方,C選項“利用對手的力量保護(hù)自己”正確。A選項“觀察雙方的力量對比”,B選項“為了發(fā)動暴力反擊而做出的暫時妥協(xié)”和D選項“攻擊對手的明顯弱點(diǎn)”:不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.(因此,它不是按照網(wǎng)頁總瀏覽量來計算排序,而是通過專家對某個題目的關(guān)注程度排序,這種方法得到的結(jié)果往往比谷歌更好。),可知完全不以網(wǎng)頁的受歡迎程度計算排名,A選項“排序很少以頁面的受歡迎程度來計算”不符合文章內(nèi)容,故正確;C選項“它搜索專家對特定主題的常關(guān)注的信息”和D選項“它甚至超過谷歌”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第四段最后一句AskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages(在一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索方面,Ask和谷歌一樣好,但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好),可知B選項“能夠有效和高效地尋找相關(guān)信息”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.(SearchEngineWatch的克里斯?謝爾曼認(rèn)為,在一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索方面,Ask和谷歌一樣好,但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好。)和第五段第二句Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s(去年冬天,它試圖通過與AOL的談判來購買自己的市場份額——或者至少達(dá)成一項協(xié)議,讓AOL從谷歌的搜索技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向MSN的搜索技術(shù)),可知各個公司在關(guān)注谷歌競爭對手的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量以及和其他公司聯(lián)合,D選項“觀察聯(lián)合谷歌的競爭對手”正確。A選項“開發(fā)功能更好的電子表格”:不是任何一個公司的舉措。B選項“算術(shù)規(guī)則中增加了對于人文的考慮”:根據(jù)第三段最后一句Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”(雅虎是“將最優(yōu)秀的人與最優(yōu)秀的技術(shù)結(jié)合起來”),可知這是雅虎的措施。C選項“通過主題鏈接頁面”:根據(jù)第四段第二句IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.(Ask推出了“專家排名”算法,該算法還可以根據(jù)傳入鏈接和主題對網(wǎng)頁進(jìn)行排名。),可知這是Ask的措施。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof(

)forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

問題1選項

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項remedy“補(bǔ)救”;B選項compensation“補(bǔ)償,報酬”;C選項treatment“治療,處理”;D選項comfort“安慰,舒適”。句意:他的父母給了他許多昂貴的玩具,作為他跛腳而不能玩活動類游戲的某種補(bǔ)償。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.substitute代替;取代B.subsidize資助;補(bǔ)助

C.subscribe申請;預(yù)訂D.subordinate使從屬于

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞government和theater,結(jié)合四個選項可知,政府對于劇院應(yīng)該是資助,故該題選擇B項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多關(guān)于政府資助劇院的必要性的討論。

8.單選題

問題1選項

A.Japan.t

B.France.t

C.TheUK.t

D.SouthKorea.

問題2選項

A.Lowobesityrates.

B.Inadequatehealthresources.

C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.

D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.

問題3選項

A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.

B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.

C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:男性說到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”,說明韓國人的預(yù)期壽命會在2030年領(lǐng)先。

第2題:最后一句說到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”,說明在英國,喝酒的現(xiàn)象很多,因此D選項“大量飲酒”正確。

第3題:對話以一個問句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy(你認(rèn)為哪個國家的預(yù)期壽命最高)”開頭,再講到了日本、韓國、英國及法國的一些情況,說明本段對話講的主題就是各個國家的預(yù)期壽命情況,C選項正確。

9.單選題

A()statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項plausible“看似可信的,花言巧語的”;B選項reasonable“合理的,公道的”;C選項credible“可靠的,可信的”;D選項laudable“可贊譽(yù)的,值得稱贊的”。句意:一個看似可信的陳述很可能是表面上看起來令人信服的,但在仔細(xì)檢查后,卻并非如此。由選項意思和句意可知,A選項符合句意。

10.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThehealthprofilesofmanyracialandethnicminoritiesreflectthesocialinequalityevidentintheUnitedStates.(46)ThepooreconomicandenvironmentalconditionsofgroupssuchasAfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andNativeAmericansaremanifestedinhighmorbidityandmortalityratesforthesegroups.Itistruethatsomeafflictions,suchassingle-cellanemiaamongBlacks,haveacleargenericbasis.Butinmostinstances,environmentalfactorscontributetothedifferentialratesofdiseaseanddeath.

Inmanyrespects,themortalityratesforAfricanAmericansaredistressing.ComparedwithWhites,Blackshavehigherdeathratesfromheartdisease,pneumonia,diabetes,andcancer.ThedeathratefromstrokeistwiceashighamongAfricanAmericans.(47)SuchepidemiologicalfindingsreflectinpartthefactthatahighproportionofBlacksarefoundamongthenation’slowerclass.AccordingtotheNationalCenterofHealthStatistics,Whitescanexpecttolive77.7years.Incontrast,lifeexpectancyforBlacksis72.3years(Arias2004).

Asnotedearlier,infantmortalityisregardedasaprimaryindicatorofhealthcare.ThereisasignificantgapintheUnitedStatesbetweentheinfantmortalityratesofAfricanAmericansandWhites.Generally,therateofinfantdeathismorethantwiceashighamongBlacks.AfricanAmericansaccountfor15percentofalllivebirthsinthenationbut29percentofinfantdeaths.PertoRicansandNativeAmericanshavemortalityratesthatarelowerthanAfricanAmericans’buthigherthanWhites’(MacDormanetal.2005).

Themedicalestablishmentisnotexemptfromracism.(48)Unfortunately,themediaoftenfocusonobviousformsofracism,suchashatecrimes,whileoverlookingmoreinsidiousformsinsocialinstitutionslikethemedicalestablishment.Onereviewofmorethan100studiesconductedoverthelastdecadeconcludedthatminoritiesreceiveinferiorcareevenwhentheyareinsured.(49)Despitehavingaccesstocare,Blacks,Latinos,andAmericanIndiansaretreatedunequallyasaresultofracialprejudiceanddifferencesintheequalityofvarioushealthcareplans.Furthermore,nationalclinicalstudieshaveshownthatevenallowingfordifferencesinincomeandinsurancecoverage,racialandethnicminoritiesarelesslikelythanothergroupstoreceivebothstandardhealthcareandlife-savingtreatmentforconditionssuchasHIVinfection(CaesarandWilliams2002;Smedleyetal.2002;Steyerbergetal.2005).

Drawingontheconflictperspective,sociologistHowardWaitzkin(1986)suggeststhatracialtensionsalsocontributetothemedicalproblemsofBlacks.Inhisview,thestressthatresultsfromracialprejudiceanddiscriminationhelpstoexplainthehigherratesofhypertensionfoundamongAfricanAmericans(andHispanics)comparedtoWhites.(50)Hypertension—twiceascommoninBlacksasinWhites—isbelievedtobeacriticalfactorinBlacks’highmortalityratesfromheartdisease,kidneydisease,andstroke(MorehouseMedicalTreatmentandEffectivenessCenter1999).

SomeMexicanAmericansandmanyotherLatinosadheretoculturalbeliefsthatmakethemlesslikelytousetheestablishedmedicalsystem.TheymayinterprettheirillnessaccordingtotraditionalLatinofolkmedicine,orcuranderismo—aformofholistichealthcareandhealing.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.非洲裔、西班牙裔和美洲土著等群體的經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境條件惡劣表現(xiàn)在這些群體有很高的發(fā)病率和死亡率。

47.這樣的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果在一定程度上反映了這樣一個事實(shí),即在美國的底層人群中,黑人比例較高。

48.不幸的是,媒體往往關(guān)注的是明顯的種族主義形式,如仇恨犯罪,而忽視了社會機(jī)構(gòu)中存在的更隱蔽的形式,如醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。

49.盡管有醫(yī)療保障,黑人、拉丁裔和美洲印第安人在不同的醫(yī)療保險計劃的平等程度上受到種族歧視和差異的影響。

50.黑人的高血壓發(fā)病率是白人的兩倍,這被認(rèn)為是黑人患心臟病、腎病和中風(fēng)高死亡率的關(guān)鍵因素。

11.單選題

Insuchachangingandcomplexsociety,formerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome(

).

問題1選項

A.confusing

B.acceptable

C.complicated

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。confusing令人困惑的,混亂的;acceptable可接受的;complicated復(fù)雜的;feasible可行的,可用的。句意:在今天這個不斷變化的多元社會,以前應(yīng)對信息需求的簡單的解決方法變得復(fù)雜。根據(jù)changingandcomplexsociety及simplesolutions可推知以前的簡單方法現(xiàn)在變得更復(fù)雜。答案C

12.單選題

“I’malittleworriedaboutmyfuture,”saidDustinHoffmaninTheGraduate.Heshouldbeluck.AllhehadtoworryaboutwaswhethertohaveanaffairwithMrs.Robinson.Inthesixties,thatwasthesumtotalofpost-graduationanxietysyndrome.

Hoffman’smoderncounterpartsarenotsofortunate.TheMrs.Robinsonsaren’tsittingaroundathomeanymore,seducinggraduates.Theyareoutintheworkplace,doingthehigh-poweredjobsthegraduateswant,butcannotget.Forthosefreshoutofuniversity,desperateforworkbutunabletogetit,thereisabigimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Andthereisnonarrowingofthegapinsight.

Thelatestunemploymentfiguresshowthat746,000of18-24year-oldsareunemployed—arecordrateof18percent.Manyofthosewillhavegraduatedthissummer.Theyarenopanickingyet,butasthejobrejectionsmountup,theyarebeginningtofeelashamed.

Ofcourse,itiseasytoblametheGovernmentand,inparticular,thetargetthatLabourhaslongtrumpeted—50percentofschool-leaversinhighereducation.Thatwasnottoosmart.TheGovernmenthasnotonlyfailedtomeetitstarget—theactualfigureisstillcloserto40percent—butithasraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels.

Parentsfeelasbadlyletdownastheyoungpeoplethemselves.Middle-classfamiliesseetheirgraduateoffspringonthedolequeueandwonderwhytheybotheredpayingschoolfees.Working-classfamiliesfeelanevenkeenersenseofdisappointment.Formanysuchfamilies,gettingachildintouniversitywasthefulfillmentofalifelongdream.Itrepresentedupwardsocialandfinancialmobility.Itwasproofthattheywerelivinginadynamic,economicallysuccessfulcountry.Thatdreamdoesnotseemsorosynow.

Graduateunemploymentisnot,ultimately,apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved.Job-creationschemesforgraduatesareverylowdowninministerialin-trays.IfDavidCameron’sConservativeshadabrilliantideaforguaranteeingeverygraduateawell-paidjob,theywouldhaveunveileditbynow.Itisasocialproblem,thoughamoredeep-seatedsocialproblemthanpeopleperhapsrealize.

26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.

27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.

28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?

30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.

問題1選項

A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnow

B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduation

C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannow

D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthen

問題2選項

A.pessimistic

B.hopeful

C.indifferent

D.furious

問題3選項

A.infavourof

B.doubtfulabout

C.stronglycriticalof

D.mildlycriticalof

問題4選項

A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.

B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.

C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.

D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.

問題5選項

A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduates

B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissue

C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissue

D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissue

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.【選項釋義】

26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.26.作者以《畢業(yè)生》中的一段插曲作為開頭,是為了______。

A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnowA.支持現(xiàn)在有更多女性工作這一事實(shí)

B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduationB.說明很少有畢業(yè)生一畢業(yè)就開始工作

C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannowC.說明當(dāng)時的畢業(yè)生要比現(xiàn)在少得多

D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthenD.強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在和那時之間的鮮明對比

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞TheGraduate定位到第一段,文章開頭以電影《畢業(yè)生》為例,指出60年代畢業(yè)生對將來只是有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心,而且擔(dān)心的并不是找不到工作;第二段緊接著指出,現(xiàn)代社會的畢業(yè)生們就沒有霍夫曼那么幸運(yùn)了,因?yàn)轭愃齐娪啊读_賓森夫人》的女士們占據(jù)著畢業(yè)生們渴望而又無法得到的高職,供需之間嚴(yán)重失衡。綜合可推斷,這是過去與現(xiàn)在就業(yè)形勢的強(qiáng)烈對比,D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項是為了進(jìn)行對比,并不是題干的目的,屬于以偏概全;

B選項定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的“渴望工作卻又找不到工作(desperateforworkbutunabletogetit)”可知,B項與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

C選項沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

27.【選項釋義】

27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.27.關(guān)于年輕畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)機(jī)會,作者聽起來______。

A.pessimisticA.很悲觀

B.hopefulB.很有希望

C.indifferentC.很冷漠

D.furiousD.很憤怒

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】定位第二段最后兩句“對于那些剛走出大學(xué)校門、渴望工作卻又找不到工作的人來說,供需之間存在著巨大的失衡(bigimbalance)。目前還沒有縮小這一差距的跡象。”,從此可見,作者對年輕畢業(yè)生就業(yè)機(jī)會的態(tài)度是悲觀的,A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B、C選項不符合原文,屬于曲解原文;

D選項也屬于曲解原文,文中沒有字眼表明作者情緒激烈到憤怒的程度。

28.【選項釋義】

28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.28.作者_(dá)_____工黨政府的目標(biāo):50%的高中畢業(yè)生接受高等教育。

A.infavourofA.支持

B.doubtfulaboutB.懷疑

C.stronglycriticalofC.強(qiáng)烈批評

D.mildlycriticalofD.溫和批評

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】定位到第四段第一句“當(dāng)然,指責(zé)政府很容易,尤其是工黨長期吹噓(trumpeted)的目標(biāo):50%的高等教育畢業(yè)生”,從trumpeted一詞可知作者對工黨的做法的嘲諷和不屑之情;結(jié)合第二句“那不太聰明(nottoosmart)”可知,作者對工黨政府的批評還是比較溫和,D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項屬于曲解原文,文中作者明確指出“并未達(dá)到該目標(biāo)(failedtomeetitstarget)”,所以這并不是懷疑的態(tài)度;

C選項也屬于曲解原文,作者雖然批評工黨的做法,但文中并沒有出現(xiàn)批評的過激字眼,strongly并沒有體現(xiàn)出來。

29.【選項釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?29.以下關(guān)于父母感受的陳述哪一個是正確的?

A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.A.工薪階層的父母也同樣感到失望。

B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.B.父母和他們的孩子同樣感到失望。

C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.C.中產(chǎn)階級的父母感到更失望。

D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.D.父母比孩子更失望。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章倒數(shù)第二段首句“父母和年輕人一樣感到非常失望”,可知,B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位第五段第三句“工薪階層家庭的失望感更加強(qiáng)烈(anevenkeenersenseofdisappointment)”可知,該項屬于反向干擾;

C選項定位第二句“中產(chǎn)階級家庭看到他們的畢業(yè)生子女在領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的隊伍中,不明白他們?yōu)槭裁匆秾W(xué)費(fèi)”,第一句講的是“父母和孩子一樣失望”,所以中產(chǎn)階級父母同樣感到失望,該項屬于反向干擾;

D選項與原文相反,也屬于反向干擾。

30.【選項釋義】

30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.30.在文章的最后,作者暗示______。

A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduatesA.將會有為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的計劃

B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissueB.大學(xué)生失業(yè)更多的是一個政治問題

C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissueC.大學(xué)生失業(yè)既是一個政治問題,也是一個社會問題

D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissueD.保守黨在解決這個問題上做得還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到最后一段第一句“從根本上說,畢業(yè)生失業(yè)并不是一個有待解決的政治問題(apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved)”,換句話說,畢業(yè)生失業(yè)是一個政治問題,但是不容易解決;最后一句又說“這是一個社會問題(asocialproblem),盡管這個社會問題比人們可能意識到的更根深蒂固”,所以畢業(yè)生失業(yè)問題既是一個政治問題也是一個社會問題,C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項定位最后一段第二句“為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會的計劃在政府部門的公文中處于非常低的位置”可知,為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的計劃暫時沒有,該項屬于反向干擾;

B選項不全面,屬于以偏概全;

D選項作者明確指出,這個問題不是想解決就能解決的政治問題,所以屬于曲解原文。

13.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby()membersofthelocalcommunity.

問題1選項

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C選項prominent意為“突出的;著名的”。句意:參加這次招待會的是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的()人士。A選項excellent極好的;B選項conspicuous顯而易見的;C選項prominent突出的;著名的;D選項noticeable引人注目的,C選項prominent符合句意。

14.單選題

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeanaffronttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrevere.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandphilanthropyforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalsubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietarytreatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour“customers”and,astheoldsayinggoes,“thecustomerisalwaysright”.

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithapharmaceuticalcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyreinstated.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingakintotenureforhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepintherightdirection,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefunding,researchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistinsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingthe

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