考研考博-英語-張家口職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-張家口職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthattheimmigrantgenerationoftenarrivesinanewlandaspioneerswithdreamsofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesaswellasfortheirchildren.Theobjectivesofthefirstgenerationarerelativelyclear:getajob,earnmoney,learnanewlanguage,ifpossible,offeraneducationtothechildren,andingeneralimprovetheirlotinlife.Familyreunificationisanotherpowerfulmotivedrivingmanynewarrivals.Somenewimmigrants,perhapsmorethanthecurrentanti-immigrationlobbymayrealize,oftenwisheventuallytoreturnhometosettlethereoncefinancialconsiderationsallowit.

Theobviousdifficultiesthatmostimmigrantsfaceincludelanguageinadequacies,ageneralunfamiliaritywiththecustomsandexpectationsofthenewcountry(whatanthropologistsrefertoas“culturaldiscontinuities”),limitedeconomicopportunities,poorhousingconditions,discrimination,xenophobia,andwhatpsychologiststermthe“stressesofacculturation”.

Despitetheseobstacles,inmanycases,immigrantsexperiencetheirlotasbeingbetterthanitwasintheircountryoforigin.Becauseofaperceptionofrelativematerialimprovement,manyimmigrantsmayfailtointernalizetheanti-immigrantnegativeattitudesofthehostcountrytowardthem,maintainingtheircountryoforiginasapointofreference.Inaddition,recentimmigrantscommonlyviewandexperiencetheircurrentlotnotintermsoftheidealsandexpectationsofthemajoritysocietybutratherintermsoftheidealsandexpectationsofthe“oldculture”.

Thisispartofaninterestingorientationthathasbeentermed“theimmigrant’sdualframeofreference”.TheSuarez-Orozcoshavenoticedimmigrantsareconstantlycomparingandcontrastingtheircurrentlotinthehostsocietyagainsttheirexperiences,opportunities,andexpectationsinthecountryoforigin.Duringtheearliestphasesofimmigration,thenewarrivalsmaycometorealizethenewcountryasalandofunlimitedopportunities,concentratingonthenegativeaspectsoflifeinthelandleftbehind.Thesecondgeneration,incontrast,cannotcomparetheirowncurrentexperiencestopreviousexperiencesofrelativedeprivation.Instead,theirstandardofassessmentmaybethehostculture’saffluentideals(oftenrepresentedintelevisionandfilms)whichtheyarelikelytofindthemselveslacking.Fromthesecondgeneration’sperspective,theirlotinlifehasdecidedlynotimproved.

Researchershavesuggestedthatsocio-culturalandsocio-economicfactors,aswellasovercrowdedandpoorlystaffedschools,seemtoleadtomanyacculturalimmigrantstudentseventuallytodevelopambivalentattitudestowardschoolsandthevalueofeducation.Inaddition,weargue,ongoingdiscriminationanddisparagementspeciallytargetedto“unwanted”newimmigrantsisparticularlydestructive.Last,whenlearningandsuccessinaninstitutionofthedominantculture—thatis,theschool—cometobeexperiencedasanactofethnicbetrayal,signifyingawishto“bewhite”,learningmaybecomeaproblemtosomeethnicandimmigrantminoritystudents.Asaconsequence,ahighdrop-outratecontinuestobeasevereprobleminsomecommunitiesofminorityimmigrantchildren.

1.Itcanbeinferredthattheattitudeofsomenewimmigrantstowardstheirmotherlandismainly（）.

2.Theterm“theimmigrant’sdualframeofreference,”(Para.4)refersto（）.

3.Whatcanbeknownaboutthesecondgenerationofimmigrants?

4.Whatdoestheword“disparagement”(Para.5)showbythenativestoimmigrantstudents?

問題1選項

A.detesting

B.worried

C.nostalgic

D.nonchalant

問題2選項

A.immigrants’differentstandardsofexaminingtheirlifeexperiences

B.immigrants’rosyexpectationsoflifeandtheirsadmemoryofthepastlife

C.thedilemmasofboththefirstandthesecondgenerationsofimmigrants

D.thecontrastbetweentheimmigrant’smaterialsuccessandtheirpursuitofideals

問題3選項

A.Theyhavetheirlotinlifetotallydestroyed.

B.Theymaintaintheiridentityliketheirparents.

C.They’dliketochooseTVhostsastheirmodels.

D.Theythinkofthemselvesasmateriallypoor.

問題4選項

A.Ambiguity.

B.Contempt.

C.Ignorance.

D.Hostility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,家庭團聚是驅(qū)使許多新移民的另一個強大動機。或許目前反移民游說團體沒有意識到的是:一些新移民往往希望最終回到家鄉(xiāng)定居,只要經(jīng)濟條件允許。由此可知,新移民的態(tài)度是懷舊的,選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第四段第二句“hecountryoforigin.”移民不斷地將他們目前所處社會的命運與他們在原籍國的經(jīng)歷、機遇和期望進(jìn)行比較和對照。這是移民考查生活經(jīng)歷的不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Fromthesecondgeneration’sperspective,theirlotinlifehasdecidedlynotimproved.”從第二代人的角度來看,他們的生活顯然沒有改善。也就是說,他們的生活實際上被毀了,因為他們不像上一輩那樣可以對比自己不同的生活經(jīng)歷,他們的評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本來自于影視中,他們?nèi)狈硐?。選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)原文句意可知,disparagement應(yīng)該和discrimination意思相近,選項中B項與之意思最為相近。

2.單選題

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontainedviolence.Theinvestigatorssaid“Thesearenotjustgamesanymore.Thesearelearningmachines.We’reteachingkidsinthemostincrediblemannerwhatit'sliketopullthetrigger.Whattheyarenotlearningarethereal-lifeconsequences.”

Theyalsosaid“Thenewandmoresophisticatedgamesareevenworse,becausetheyhavebettergraphicsandallowtheplayerstoparticipateinevenmorerealisticviolentacts.”InthegameCarmageddon,forexample,theplayerwillhavedrivenoverandkilledupto33,000peoplebythetimealllevelsarecompleteD.Adescriptionoftheoutcomeofthegamesays:“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;theyalsogetontheirkneesandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthisstimulatedviolenceharmful?Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributionrole?Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

1.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames______.

2.Whatdoestheword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

3.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat______.

4.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoillustratethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforpassageis______.

問題1選項

A.allowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts

B.thatyoungpeoplelikeinvolveviolence

C.teachtheplayerstobeantisocial

D.maketheplayersforgettherealliferesults

問題2選項

A.Tocutsomebodyintopieces

B.Tokicksomebodyout

C.Todismisssomebody

D.Tostabaknifeintosomebody

問題3選項

A.moreandmoreyoungpeopleappreciatecruelcomputergames

B.therearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames

C.violenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayermoreaggressive

D.simulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromreallife

問題4選項

A.otherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife

B.thereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasinglygrowingviolenceinreallife

C.computerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreality

D.thecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreality

問題5選項

A.TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames

B.AstudyontheInfluenceofComputerandOnlineGames

C.TheDarkSideofComputerandOnlineGames

D.ComputerandOnlineGames—AdvantagesandDisadvantages

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage.”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.中文翻譯為：國家媒體與家庭研究所所長大衛(wèi)?沃爾什說，部分游戲以暴力、性和粗俗語言為反社會主題。A選項“允許玩家參與殺戮行為”可排除。B選項“年輕人喜歡使用暴力”可排除。D選項“讓玩家忘記現(xiàn)實生活的結(jié)果”可排除。C選項“教導(dǎo)玩家要反社會”最符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.詞義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“youcanalsodismemberthem.”中文翻譯為：你也可以肢解它們。B選項“把某人趕出去”排除。C選項“解雇某人”不符合題意。D選項“用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A選項“把某人切成碎片”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Approximately3,000differentstudieshaveconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.”中文翻譯為：大約有3000個不同的研究在這個問題上進(jìn)行。許多人認(rèn)為游戲中的暴力行為和玩家攻擊性的增強之間存在聯(lián)系A(chǔ)選項“越來越多的年輕人喜歡殘酷的電腦游戲”不符合題意，故排除。B選項“現(xiàn)在有更多的暴力事件是由于電腦游戲”不符合題意，故排除。C選項“電腦游戲中的暴力使玩家更具攻擊性”符合題意。因此C選項正確。D選項“電腦游戲中的模擬暴力不同于現(xiàn)實生活”不符合題意，故排除。

4.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“televisionadvertising”定位到原文第六段“Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?”，中文翻譯為：如果這是真的，為什么商業(yè)世界每年要花費數(shù)十億美元在電視廣告上。聯(lián)系上下文，D選項“現(xiàn)實中，商業(yè)世界正在助長暴力的增加”最符合題意，因此選項D正確。A選項“其他因素也必須被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)實生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合題意，故排除。B選項“電腦游戲和現(xiàn)實生活中日益增長的暴力之間有著密切的聯(lián)系”不符合題意，故排除。C選項“電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲并不是現(xiàn)實中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合題意，故排除。

5.判斷推理題。A選項“TheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames”暴力電腦游戲的發(fā)展，文章不僅僅講暴力游戲的發(fā)展，故A選項排除。B選項“計算機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的影響研究”，文章對于計算機并未提及，故B選項排除。C選項“電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也講述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的益處，故C選項排除。D選項“電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的優(yōu)點和缺點”最符合題意，故選D。

3.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因為他的判斷一直都很可靠。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

問題1選項

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

問題2選項

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

問題3選項

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

問題4選項

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（與現(xiàn)代工業(yè)陶藝家不同的是，史前工匠們用最簡單的技術(shù)制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和裝飾器皿方面表現(xiàn)出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B項“早期陶器的制作和裝飾”，后文都是在講早期陶器制作和裝飾的過程。

A項“考古學(xué)家為什么研究史前造壺”，文中并未提及；C項“早期陶藝家使用的窯爐的發(fā)展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主題；D項“史前陶器上裝飾的種類”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至關(guān)重要：它被仔細(xì)地?fù)v碎，并與水混合，使其質(zhì)地完全均勻）。meticulously“仔細(xì)地”。A項“大量地；沉重地”，B項“最初”，C項“仔細(xì)地；小心翼翼的”，D項“徹底地；完全地”，因此只有C項符合。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干：以下哪種方法是一些陶工用來給器皿玻璃般的飾面？文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一塊圓石或者類似的東西打磨，可以得到一個光亮、堅硬的表面），因此正確選項為D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它們”。A項“用濕手撫平它們”，這并不能得到一個玻璃般的飾面，而且接下來還有很多步驟；B項“將粘土與有色溶液混合”，文中未體現(xiàn)；C項“在很高的溫度下烘烤”，這是glaze“釉料”的制作過程。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被稱為窯爐的特殊烘箱中，溫度要高得多，這種烘箱……），

是說用這種特殊的烤爐里可以得到高得多的溫度，因此正確選項為B“達(dá)到更高的溫度”。A項“燃燒所需木材較少”，C項“把灰從罐子里拿開”，D項“烘烤容器并且容器沒有開裂”，均在文中未體現(xiàn)。

5.單選題

（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.

問題1選項

A.Thatmathematics

B.Whatmathematics

C.Wheremathematics

D.Mathematics

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語從句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充當(dāng)主句的主語，選項中的mathematics是主語從句的主語。所以前面的主語從句完整不缺成分，只有that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主語從句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：數(shù)學(xué)是人類知識中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，這一點已被廣泛接受。所以本題的正確答案是A選項。

6.翻譯題

Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointswheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”.

【答案】直到人類意識到把人口減到一半，直到能使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物，否則人們將必須接受更多的“人造食品”。

7.單選題

Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.

Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.

Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.

3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethods

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery

問題2選項

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluids

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodies

C.wereformedfromalluvialdeposits

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpression

問題3選項

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.

問題4選項

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.作者主要關(guān)注________。

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodologyA.主張回歸舊方法

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheoryB.解釋一種新理論的重要性

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsC.列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscoveryD.描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)

【答案】B

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段指出最近的一項理論（recenttheory），并且點出這一理論具有相當(dāng)大的實際意義（hasconsiderablepracticalimportance）；第二段點出這一理論幫助尋找地下礦物（takeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors），從理論中衍生出目前的一些方法和模型；第三段具體講勘探人員如何使用這些模型，和第二段是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。綜上所述，這一文章講的是這個新理論對于實際開采礦物的重要性，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“主張回歸舊方法”：文章花了大量篇幅在講新理論和新方法，主張采用新方法，而不是舊方法，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“列舉兩種廣泛使用的方法之間的差異”：這兩種方法是以前廣泛使用和現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的差別，而且主要不是在比較這兩種方法的差異，屬于曲解原文；

D選項“描述是什么事件導(dǎo)致的發(fā)現(xiàn)”：文章沒有提到新理論是如何得出的，屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.文章認(rèn)為，人們認(rèn)為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)________。

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluidsA.由變質(zhì)流體形成

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesB.起源于熔融花崗巖狀體

C.wereformedfromalluvialdepositsC.由沖積物形成

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpressionD.一般有地表表現(xiàn)

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞widelyheld定位到第一段第二句，該處講到“人們普遍持有的觀點就是這些太古代金石英脈是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的（depositedfrommetamorphicfluids）?！?，結(jié)合選項，A選項符合文章內(nèi)容，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“起源于熔融花崗巖狀體”：對應(yīng)第一段第一句“根據(jù)最近的一項理論（recenttheory），太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)是在20億年前由巖漿流體形成的（formedover...frommagmaticfluids）?！?，可知這不是人們普遍認(rèn)為的，而是最新理論認(rèn)為的，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“由沖積物形成”：對應(yīng)第一段第二句“這些系統(tǒng)是由變質(zhì)流體沉積的，即由濕的沉積巖脫水過程（duringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks）中形成的流體沉積（fluidsthatformed）的?！?，可知不是沖積物，而是沉積巖脫水形成的，屬于偷換概念；

D選項“一般有地表表現(xiàn)”：對應(yīng)第一段最后一句“但大多數(shù)尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦床都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為它們被埋在地下，沒有地表表現(xiàn)（havenosurfaceexpression）?！?，可知人們認(rèn)為太古代金石英脈系統(tǒng)沒有地表表現(xiàn)，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?這篇文章暗示，想要最大限度地提高發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金的機會，勘探人員首先會采取下列哪一步？

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.A.調(diào)查幾個已知形成于200萬年前的遺址。

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.B.將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點。

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.C.使用合適的概念模型選擇場地進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步勘探。

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.D.使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞maximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold定位到第二段倒數(shù)一、二句，該處講到“為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機會（tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery），勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層（selectingthegroundformations）。這種地面選擇在不同程度上依賴于概念模型（reliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels），這些模型考慮了相關(guān)因素的理論研究?！保芍碧饺藛T需要依賴于概念模型，選擇合適的場地進(jìn)行勘探，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“調(diào)查幾個已知形成于200萬年前的遺址”：文中沒有提到形成于200萬年前的遺址，屬于無中生有；

B選項“將勘探限制在已知由變質(zhì)流體形成的地點”和D選項“使用地球物理方法分析大面積的巖石”：對應(yīng)第二段第二、三句“目前廣泛使用的方法包括分析航空圖像以獲得廣泛的地質(zhì)概況（geologicaloverview），使用地球物理技術(shù)（geophysicaltechniques）得出所調(diào)查巖石的磁性、電性和礦物學(xué)性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)……但是，如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點從未礦化，這些方法就沒有任何價值（noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalue）?！保芍@兩種方法適用于已經(jīng)礦化的地方，不適用于未經(jīng)礦化的地方，不能最大程度地發(fā)現(xiàn)金子，屬于本末倒置。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦的陳述，下列哪項文中有信息支持？

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.A.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達(dá)到最初淘金熱時期的水平。

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.B.在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上，現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧。

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.C.基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦。

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.D.新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦很可能是定位埋藏礦物的勘探技術(shù)的結(jié)果。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第二段，該處講到“勘探的挑戰(zhàn)是了解某地區(qū)的地下地質(zhì)狀況，并且查明埋藏礦物的位置（pinpointthepositionofburiedminerals）?！保o接著提到各項勘探技術(shù)，可知找到金礦需要定位埋藏礦物的地方，并且需要勘探技術(shù)，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金礦產(chǎn)量不太可能達(dá)到最初淘金熱時期的水平”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項“在簡單找礦方法作為新發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦來源的應(yīng)用問題上，現(xiàn)代探索者們存在分歧”：對應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“但是，如果應(yīng)用這些高技術(shù)方法的地點從未礦化，這些方法就沒有任何價值，因此，為了最大限度地增加發(fā)現(xiàn)金子的機會（tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery），勘探人員必須特別注意選擇最有可能礦化的地層?！保@里的兩種方法不是相互對立，可以同時使用，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“基于金起源于巖漿流體理論的模型，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦”：文章沒有提到這個模型讓人們新發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦，屬于無中生有。

8.填空題

Someone（1）justgivenmeatypewriter.Doyouthinkyoucould（2）metotype?

句意:有人剛給了我臺打字機，你認(rèn)為你可以教我打字不？

【答案】1.has

2.teach

【解析】1.語法題。考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:有人剛給了我臺打字機。由just和過去分詞given知時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)（have/has+過去分詞），主語是someone,因此用has。

2.固定搭配。teachsbtodosth.教某人做某事

9.單選題

Hewasona________ofjudgesforafamousliteraryprize.

問題1選項

A.group

B.team

C.panel

D.lot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“團體”；B選項“團隊”；C選項“專家咨詢組”；D選項“組，群”。句意：他Group是有某種聯(lián)系的團體aminoritygroup“少數(shù)群體”；Team指一種因為工作或者某種原因組合在一起與另一個團隊競爭而組成的團隊比如Afootballteam；panel則是一群有專業(yè)知識的人組合起來研討或者評價某事的小組anadvisorypanel“顧問組”；lot則單純指一群，既可指人也可指物，Whatdoyoulotwant?“你們這幫人想要怎么樣？”。從題意的judges看，答案選C選項。

10.單選題

Youarenotallowedtotakeasecondjob（）youremployergivesyoupermission.

問題1選項

A.unless

B.solongas

C.otherwise

D.whereas

【答案】A

【解析】連接詞的運用。unless“除非,如果不”;solongas“只要”;otherwise“否則,不然”;whereas“然而,鑒于,反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允許,否則你不能從事第二份工作。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thedoor（）intoalargeroomwhichcanholdfiftypeople.

問題1選項

A.isopened

B.opens

C.hasopened

D.isopening

【答案】B

【解析】句意:門開通向一個能容納五十人的大房間。

語法題。考查時態(tài)。此句陳述一個事實，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，openinto表示“通向”。

12.單選題

Don’tgetmixedupinany（）business.

問題1選項

A.funny

B.misty

C.foggy

D.behind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項funny“有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的”；B選項misty“模糊的；有霧的”；C選項foggy“有霧的；模糊的，朦朧的”；D選項behind“在……的后面；朝……后面”。根據(jù)固定搭配funnybusiness“見不得人的活動，不規(guī)矩的事，不道德的行為”可知該題選funny。句意：不要卷入任何不道德的行為中。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

The_______actionofthepolicemensavedthepeopleinthehousefrombeingburnt.

問題1選項

A.supreme

B.significant

C.prompt

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】supreme最高的,至高的;significant重大的,有意義的;prompt及時的,迅速的;vital至關(guān)重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施,使得房子里的人免于燒傷。選項C符合句意。

14.翻譯題

Whenacompanyunexpectedlyfindsitselflosingmarketshareandtakingabeatingatthehandsofitscompetitors,it’saclearsignalthatachangeisneeded.Foravarietyofreasons,anycompanycansuddenlylosethecompetitiveadvantagethatitpreviouslyenjoyed.(36)Themarkofastrongbusiness,however,isitsabilitytoovercomesuchsetbacksandreclaimitspositionsasthefrontrunnerinitsfield.

Oneofthegreatestvariablesintheprocess,however,istechnology,whichononehandmakesbusinessmoreefficientandthusprofitablethanpreviouslythoughtpossible,butchangesatsucharapidpacethatfewbusinessesutilizeittoitsfullpotential.Thosecompaniesthatinvestheavilyinthelatesttechnologyofthedaymayfindtheirmachinesoutdatedandobsoletethenextyear,thuslosingtheadvantagethattheyhopedtogain,andalsoasubstantialamountofinvestmentmoneyaswell.(37)Thosewhoaremorecautiousandbuylessofthelatestmachinemaylearnthattechnologychangesmoreslowly,andtheircompetitorswhoinvestedmoreheavilynowholdtheupperhand.It’sagameofhitormiss.

Becauseoftheunevenandunpredictablepaceofprogressbetweentechnologicalfields,(38)companiesaredevotingmoreandmoreresourcestonotonlyacquiringmoreofthelatestdevelopments,butresearchingthefactorsthatdeterminetheirproductionsoastopositionthemselvesbettertoadapttothenextchange.Thisstrategyhasbeenproducingpositiveresultsforthosewhoemployit,butitisamassivelyexpensiveone,limitingitsviabilitytoonlythelargestcompanies,whoarealreadyenjoyingmanyadvantagesinthemarket.

Suchdynamicsmakeitincreasinglydifficul