考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

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11.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aspirant.

B.Courageous.

C.Cautious.

D.Amiable(溫和的).

【答案】B

【解析】M:Katewastheonlyonebraveenoughtospeakhermindatthemeetingtoday.

W:Yeah,alotofpeoplefeltthesameway,butweretooscaredtosayanything.Shejustvoicedtheaspirationofthem.

Q:WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKate?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對(duì)話(huà)可知，Kate敢于在會(huì)議上表達(dá)自己的想法，很多人也想如此，但因害怕沉默不語(yǔ)。故選B。

2.單選題

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)change。所以選項(xiàng)D改變是必不可少的為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A和C在文章中沒(méi)有提及,選項(xiàng)D包含了選項(xiàng)B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段農(nóng)民的例子是為了說(shuō)明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以選A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)有好也有壞,所以選項(xiàng)A和D錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)C中must太絕對(duì),并不是所有傳統(tǒng)的向?qū)Ф际钦_的。選項(xiàng)B過(guò)度的推崇傳統(tǒng)可能會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)麻煩,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要是講change,第二段主要是講tradition,所以文章主要討論的是傳統(tǒng)和變革的關(guān)系。

3.單選題

Theleaderwenthisownwayin______ofthepublicopinion,whicharousedgreatangeramongthepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.defiance

B.reflection

C.obedience

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.defiance違抗，反抗B.reflection反映

C.obedience順從，服從D.upgrade升級(jí)，提高

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由wenthisownway（一意孤行）和arousedgreatanger（引起了極大憤怒）可知，空格部分表示“違抗民意”，且indefianceof為固定搭配，表示“不顧，無(wú)視”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】領(lǐng)袖不顧民意，一意孤行，引起了人民的極大憤怒。

4.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman,Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby’’mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Akindofoverlookedinequality

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaregettingimpatient

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated

B.VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)“作者提及AAAA汽車(chē)與Zodiac汽車(chē)的是什么？”。由

第二段第一句“IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.眾所周知，在顧客瀏覽他們的電話(huà)薄時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為AAAA汽車(chē)的出租車(chē)公司比被稱(chēng)為Zodiac汽車(chē)的出租車(chē)公司有大的優(yōu)勢(shì)”與第一段第二句“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一個(gè)潛伏的形式（即字母順序主義）繼續(xù)繁榮”確定A選項(xiàng)“一種被忽視的不平等”正確；

2.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘從前三段我們可以推斷出什么?’。由第一段中“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一個(gè)潛伏的形式（即字母順序主義）繼續(xù)在繁榮”及第二段中“LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman不太為人所知的是AdamAbbott（即姓名以字母A開(kāi)始的人）在生活中相比ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z開(kāi)始的人）具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)”可知生活中的這種現(xiàn)象常被人忽視，所以D選項(xiàng)“一些形式的歧視太隱約而不易引人注意”正確。A選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論在東方還是西方，名字對(duì)于成功都是必要的”、B選項(xiàng)“字母表對(duì)ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z開(kāi)始的人）的失敗應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”和C項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者經(jīng)常很關(guān)注公司的名字”均不符合文意，排除。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘第四段指出…’。由第四段第四句“Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.因此，近視的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z開(kāi)始的人）小學(xué)生被困在后排，且很少被問(wèn)到由那些麻木不仁的老師提出有啟發(fā)性的問(wèn)題”確定C選項(xiàng)“教師應(yīng)該關(guān)注自己所有的學(xué)生”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘作者所說(shuō)的“大多數(shù)人都在打盹”是什么意思(第5段第2-3行)?’。由第五段中第三句“Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.求職面試名單、選票、會(huì)議發(fā)言者和參加人名單都傾向于按字母順序地被擬定，而它們的接受者卻在費(fèi)力地閱讀它們時(shí)失去了興趣?！迸c第二句“Atuniversitygraduationceremonies在大學(xué)畢業(yè)的典禮”這個(gè)場(chǎng)景的對(duì)應(yīng)確定B選項(xiàng)“他們正在鼾聲隆隆地打瞌睡”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的?’。全文圍繞“alphabetism字母順序主義”論述其帶來(lái)的各種偏見(jiàn)、歧視和不平等。如被稱(chēng)為AAAA汽車(chē)的出租車(chē)公司比被稱(chēng)為Zodiac汽車(chē)的出租車(chē)公司有大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，近視的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z開(kāi)始的人）小學(xué)生被困在后排，且很少被問(wèn)到由那些麻木不仁的老師提出的啟發(fā)性的問(wèn)題?！彼訢選項(xiàng)“按照字母順序安放事情可能導(dǎo)致非故意的偏見(jiàn)”正確。

5.單選題

Theirdogwasasubstitute______thechildrentheyhadneverhad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.of

C.to

D.for

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們的狗代替了他們從未有過(guò)的孩子。asubstitutefor是固定搭配，意為“某種東西的替代物”。其他三項(xiàng)不能和substitute搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thetoolsoftheinformationagecanreinforce,ratherthanerode,thelocalcharacterofknowledgesystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transform

B.spoil

C.replace

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.transform使改變外觀（或性質(zhì)）B.spoil破壞，搞壞，毀掉（把好的東西變成壞的、令人不快的、無(wú)用的東西）

C.replace代替，取代D.diminish減少，（使）減弱，降低（某物變小、變?nèi)酰?/p>

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】erode的意思為“逐漸毀壞，削弱，損害（摧毀某物或使其變得更弱）”，有破壞的意思，和reinforce“加強(qiáng)；加固”的意思相反，這里指信息時(shí)代的工具不會(huì)破壞知識(shí)體系的地方性，反而會(huì)鞏固和加強(qiáng)其地方性，spoil表示破壞和毀掉，與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符；

D選項(xiàng)側(cè)重于減弱，沒(méi)有到破壞的地步，詞義不同。

【句意】信息時(shí)代的工具可以鞏固加強(qiáng)而不是破壞知識(shí)體系的地方性。

7.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere（）alloverthefloor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sprayed

B.separated

C.dispersed

D.scattered

【答案】D

【解析】spray噴霧,噴射；separate分離,隔開(kāi)；disperse分散,多指把一群人或物等徹底驅(qū)散；scatter指人或物向四處散開(kāi),或把物隨意撒開(kāi)。句意：回形針、圖釘和安全別針散落在地板上。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Patientstendtofeelindignantandinsultedifthephysiciantellsthemhecanfindnoorganiccauseforthepain.Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthattheyarecomplainingofnonexistentsymptoms.Theyneedtobeeducatedaboutthefactthatmanyformsofpainhavenounderlyingphysicalcausebutaretheresult,asmentionedearlier,oftension,stressorhostilefactorsinthegeneralenvironment.Sometimesapainmaybeamanifestationof“conversionhysteria”.

Obviously,itisfollyforanindividualtoignoresymptomsthatcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyseriousillness.Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.Totalneglectisnottheanswertohypochondria.Theonlyanswerhastobeincreasededucationaboutthewaythehumanbodyworks;sothatmorepeoplewillbeabletosteeranintelligentcoursebetweenpromiscuouspill-poppingandirresponsibledisregardofgenuinesymptoms.

Ofallformsofpain,noneisimportantfortheindividualtounderstandthanthe“threshold”variety.Almosteveryonehasatelltaleachethatistriggeredwhenevertensionorfatiguereachesacertainpoint.Itcantaketheformofamigraine-typeheadacheorasqueezingpaindeepintheabdomenorcrampsorapaininthelowerbackoreveninthejoints.Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn'tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.Then,ifthepainpersistsdespitetheabsenceofapparentcause,theindividualwilltelephonethedoctor.

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

27.Somepeoplesufferingfromapaindonotgotohospitalbecause（）.

28.Accordingtothepassage,theproperwaytowardsapainis（）.

29.Assoonasapersongets“thresholdpains”，heshould（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Apaincanonlybecausedbyphysicalharm.

B.Somepeoplearecomplainingofapainwhichdoesnotexist.

C.Apaincanbecausedbypsychogenicfactors.

D.Educatedpeopledonotcomplainofnonexistentpain.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarehorrifiedtogetthebadnews

B.theythinknomedicineiseffective

C.theythinkthepainwilldisappearassoonasyouforgetit

D.theyaretoobusy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.takingdifferentmedicines

B.visitingfamousphysicians

C.payingnoattentiontoit

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.telephonethedoctorimmediately

B.firstrelievethestressandtensionwhichcausethepains

C.waittoletthepainsreachacertainpoint

D.takepain-killer

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】26.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。信息點(diǎn)定位為原文第一段，根據(jù)第二句Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthattheyarecomplainingofnonexistentsymptoms.（他們傾向于將“心理原因”一詞解釋為他們?cè)诒г共淮嬖诘陌Y狀。）中的“psychogenic”（心理性的），即可得出本題答案。

27.

細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“donotgotohospital”，將信息點(diǎn)定位到原文第二段Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.（有些人非常害怕從醫(yī)生那里得到消息，他們讓自己的不適加劇，有時(shí)甚至到了無(wú)法恢復(fù)的地步。）根據(jù)“soterrifiedofgetting”“news...worsen”，即可得出本題答案。

28.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Ofallformsofpain,noneisimportantfortheindividualtounderstandthanthe“threshold”variety.（沒(méi)有比知道這些疼痛種類(lèi)的下限更重要的事情了。）即可得出本題答案。

29.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thresholdpains”定位到原文最后一段第四句。根據(jù)Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn’tpanicwhentheyoccur;heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.（學(xué)會(huì)了如何將這種閾值疼痛與其原因聯(lián)系起來(lái)的人，在疼痛發(fā)生時(shí)并不驚慌；他或她做了一些緩解壓力和緊張的事情。）中的“relievingthestressandtension”即可得出本題答案。

9.單選題

Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crisis

B.urgency

C.emergency

D.emergence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)想crisis“危機(jī)；危險(xiǎn)期”；B選項(xiàng)urgency“緊急；催促”；C選項(xiàng)emergency“緊急情況；突發(fā)事件”；D選項(xiàng)emergence“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；露頭”。句意：救護(hù)車(chē)必須有優(yōu)先權(quán)，因?yàn)樗ǔＲ幚硪恍?。救護(hù)車(chē)需要處理的是一些緊急情況或突發(fā)事件，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

（

）ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。分析句子可知，這是一個(gè)倒裝句，正常的語(yǔ)序是：theNorthAmericanantelope，orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陸典型的草原動(dòng)物。

11.單選題

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.結(jié)合第二封信，我們可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.審稿人1

B.Referee2B.審稿人2

C.EditorC.編輯

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和討論部分，相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn)似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信對(duì)referee2的描述“討論的重點(diǎn)不明確，也沒(méi)有包括一些重要的相關(guān)出版物（relevantpublications）”，我們可以推測(cè)出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根據(jù)第一封信，提交的論文會(huì)被接受嗎？

A.No.A.不會(huì)。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不會(huì)，建議作者向其他雜志投稿。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建議拒絕這篇論文（rejected），但相信經(jīng)過(guò)大量修改后，它可能適合您的期刊”，可知，提交的論文會(huì)被拒絕，而且需要大量修改。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)中“建議作者向其他雜志投稿”沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.兩位審稿人都同意論文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的問(wèn)題

B.well-writtenB.寫(xiě)的很好

C.overlydelicateC.過(guò)于精細(xì)

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很關(guān)注

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo中兩位referee對(duì)方法部分的描述，referee1認(rèn)為“方法部分沒(méi)有提供足夠的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2認(rèn)為“方法部分有不足之處（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；綜合理解可知，兩位審稿人都認(rèn)為論文方法部分信息不足，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.與審稿人1不同的是，審稿人2也在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些要點(diǎn)，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來(lái)支持強(qiáng)烈的正相關(guān)”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“闡述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更關(guān)注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“強(qiáng)調(diào)其在非西方國(guó)家的開(kāi)拓性”

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位LetterTwo中對(duì)referee2的描述，根據(jù)最后一句“你論文中的工作實(shí)際上是第一個(gè)在歐洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同類(lèi)研究，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，審稿人2認(rèn)為應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)論文中的研究實(shí)際上是除歐洲和北美之外的關(guān)于這方面的第一個(gè)研究，D項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的論文將______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一輪同行評(píng)審

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.還可能受到額外的審稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中沒(méi)有提到

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要額外的審稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改論文后可能還有其他的審稿程序，C項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“同行評(píng)審”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾，文中提到了這一點(diǎn)。

12.填空題

Directions:Inthissectionthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).

HighereducationtakesahardlookatthePhDandfindsmuchthatneedschanging.

StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution,justastheirownprofessorsdo.It’stowardthisendthatmostdoctoralprogramsgeartheirtraining.

That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.Manyofthosewhostayworkatsmaller,teaching-intensiveuniversities,notatthemajorresearchinstitutionsthattrainthem.

Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.

“Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics,”saysKristiLemn,whorecentlyearnedherdoctoratefromYaleUniversity.“It’snotthatstudentsshouldallcomeinnotexpectingtobeacademics—it’smorethattheyneedmoreoptionsforatoughjobmarket.”

AgrowingcropofeducatorsagreethatPhDtrainingneedsclosescrutiny.“It’stimetotakestockofwhatwe’redoingindoctoraltraining,”saysCynthiaBelar,theAmericanPsychologyAssociation’sexecutivedirectorforeducation.

“Wemayattimesbetoonarrowlyfocusedontrainingforparticularcareerpaths.Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.”

Afocalpointofthemovementtoscrutinizedoctoraltraininghasbeen“Re-envisioningthePhD,’’alarge-scaleprojectfundedbythePewCharitableTrusts.HeadingtheprojectistheUniversityofWashington’s(UW)JodyNyquist.

“We’relookingathowwecangetthePhDexperiencetoincludeawiderrangeofprofessionalpreparation,”saysNyquist,associatedeanintheUWgraduateschool.

LeeShulman,presidentoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching,saidallfieldsoughttomorestronglyemphasizethat“beingadoctormeansbeingstewardofone’sdiscipline,whetherthatbeinindustry,governmentoracademics.AcoupleofdecadesfromnowtherewillstillbesomethingcalledthePhDineveryfield,”predictsShulman.

Questions:(注意：答題盡量簡(jiǎn)短，超過(guò)十個(gè)詞要扣分。每條橫線(xiàn)上限寫(xiě)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格。)

41.Whatdrivesstudentstoenterdoctoralprograms?

________________________________________

________________________________________

42.Accordingtothepassage,what’sashocktostudents?

________________________________________

________________________________________

43.Increasingstudentsaresoundinganalarmthatdoctoraltrainingisinneedofchangesbecause________.

________________________________________

________________________________________

44.Whyshouldthestudentspreparesomethingotherthanacademics?

________________________________________

________________________________________

45.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindsofpeoplearerequiredforachangingworld?

________________________________________

________________________________________

【答案】41.Theexpectationofresearchingatamajorinstitution.

42.ManyPhDsworkoutsidetheacademicworld.

43.theyseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities

44.Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.

45.Peoplewithcriticalthinkingandadaptiveskills.

【解析】41.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“是什么促使學(xué)生攻讀博士學(xué)位”可定位到第2段第1句StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution.（在美國(guó)攻讀所有學(xué)科博士學(xué)位的學(xué)生通常希望有一天他們能在一個(gè)主要機(jī)構(gòu)從事研究。）由此可知，促使學(xué)生攻讀博士學(xué)位的原因是他們想在一個(gè)主要的研究機(jī)構(gòu)奉獻(xiàn)自己。

42.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)文章，什么是學(xué)生的震驚”可定位到第3段第1句That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.（這就是為什么當(dāng)學(xué)生們得知有一半的科學(xué)和工程博士在學(xué)術(shù)世界之外工作時(shí)，可能會(huì)感到震驚。）由此可知，學(xué)生們震驚的是有一半的科學(xué)和工程博士在學(xué)術(shù)世界之外工作。

43.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生發(fā)出警報(bào)，博士培訓(xùn)需要改變，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。”可定位到第4段Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.（隨著越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生看到博士培訓(xùn)和工作機(jī)會(huì)之間的不匹配，他們敲響了警鐘，即他們的培訓(xùn)需要改變。）由此可知，學(xué)生發(fā)出警報(bào)的原因是看到博士培訓(xùn)和工作機(jī)會(huì)之間的不匹配。

44.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么學(xué)生們要準(zhǔn)備學(xué)術(shù)以外的東西”可定位到第5段第1、2句Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics.（成為學(xué)者的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少了。正因?yàn)槿绱耍瑢W(xué)生們需要為學(xué)習(xí)以外的東西做準(zhǔn)備。）由此可知，學(xué)生們要準(zhǔn)備學(xué)術(shù)以外的東西，是因?yàn)槌蔀閷W(xué)者的機(jī)會(huì)越來(lái)越少。

45.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，需要什么樣的人來(lái)適應(yīng)變化的世界”可定位到第7段第2句Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.（我們必須培養(yǎng)批判性思維和適應(yīng)能力，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，否則我們就有可能讓學(xué)生失敗。）由此可知，有批判性思維和適應(yīng)能力的人才能適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界。

13.單選題

Thepuritanarmyexecutedtheking,abolishedtheHouseofLords,andgottheHouseof

Commonsto（）Englanda"commonwealth",orrepublic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A