考研考博-英語-北京社會管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京社會管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.（1）."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodand,clothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.（2）.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.

（3）.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.（4）Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.（5）.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

問題1選項

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題2選項

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題3選項

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題4選項

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問題5選項

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:F

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何國家的‘生活水平’是指國家生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)的平均份額”，空格后關(guān)鍵詞“wealth財富”可推斷中間內(nèi)容應(yīng)與“生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和財富”有關(guān)，C項“因為，一個國家的生活水平首先取決于其創(chuàng)造財富的能力”符合題意，故選C。

2.文章第二段第一句提到“一個國家創(chuàng)造財富的能力取決于許多因素，其中大多數(shù)因素相互影響”，空格后提到“世界上有些地區(qū)的煤炭和礦物供應(yīng)充足，土壤肥沃，氣候宜人，其他地區(qū)則沒有?！蓖茢嘀虚g內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是闡述“財富與煤、礦產(chǎn)等資源的關(guān)系”，F(xiàn)項“財富在很大程度上取決于一個國家的自然資源，如煤炭、黃金和其他礦產(chǎn)、供水等”符合題意，故選F。

3.空格后提到“有些國家自然資源雖然很豐富，但由于多年來戰(zhàn)爭和一些其他原因一直無法開發(fā)其資源”可推斷此處應(yīng)闡述“自然資源與開發(fā)自然資源的能力”，B項“排在自然資源后的是將自然資源轉(zhuǎn)化使用的能力”符合題意，故選B。

4.空格前文提到“另外一個重要因素是一個國家人民技術(shù)效率”可推斷此處應(yīng)闡述與“技術(shù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容”，A項“已經(jīng)培訓(xùn)了許多熟練工人和技術(shù)人員的工業(yè)化國家比其他工人不熟練的國家更有能力創(chuàng)造財富”符合題意，故選A。

5.空格前文提到“一個國家的生活水平不僅取決于在本國境內(nèi)生產(chǎn)和消費的財富，而且還取決于通過國際貿(mào)易間接生產(chǎn)的財富”，空格后提到“貿(mào)易使她剩余的制成品能夠在國外進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，以換取自身所缺乏的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。”可推斷空格處“應(yīng)該列舉一個例子”由此導(dǎo)出下文的結(jié)論，D項“例如，如果它只能依靠國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)，英國在食品和其他農(nóng)產(chǎn)品方面的財富要少得多”符合題意，故選D。

2.單選題

Lessthantwomonthsintoherbreastcancertreatment,AlexandraJn-CharleswascalledintoanewroomatSUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,wheretwotreatingphysicians,thechiefmedicalofficerandanattorneyrepresentingthehospitaltoldherthatmistakeshadbeenmade.

Theskinlesions(病變)onherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessions,butatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation.

Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.Theworstoffhavereportedskindamage,inexplicablehairlossandribs(肋骨)bucklingbeneaththeirchests—debilitatinginjuriessufferedwhileundergoingscreeningortreatmentforsomethingthatwouldotherwisekillthem.Asteeppriceforsurvival.

Thesetragediesgotothecoreofanissueaspressingasitisuncomfortabletothinkabout:Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?

Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingnumberofhealthexperts,isyes.Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“Whatwedoasphysiciansarguablyharmspeople,”JamesEhrlich,aclinicalassociateprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoandanadviserforPremierMicronutrientCorp.,toldNewsweek.

Ajarringexampleofthatcamein2010,whenWaltBogdanichpublishedanextensivereviewinTheNewYorkTimesthatlistednumerouspatientswhoseliveshadbeendestroyedbymistakesinhospitalimagingandradiotherapy.Shortlyafterthearticleserieswenttopress,theFoodandDrugAdministrationbegantorampupitseffortstolimitexcessiveexposure,eventuallylaunchingitsInitiativetoReduceUnnecessaryRadiationExposureFromMedicalImaging.

AlongwithorganizationsliketheAmericanCollegeofRadiology,theFDAnowsupportsanumberofso-calleddoseregistriesthatallowfacilitiestocompareradiationdoseindexestoregionalandnationalvalues.Todate,hundredsoffacilitiesacrosstheU.S.haveenrolled.

ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients:A2012paperbytheInstituteofMedicinefoundthatmedicalimagingisoneoftheleadingenvironmentalcausesofbreastcancer_____.

1.TheskindamageonJn-Charles’chestwascausedby_____.

2.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbyexemplifyingJn-Charles?

3.WhatcanbelearntabouttheCTscan?

4.Whatdoestheword“rampup”mean?

5.TheauthorthinksFDA’ssolutiontoreduceradiationexposureis_____.

問題1選項

A.breastcancer

B.advancedtechnology

C.over-radiation

D.treatmentmethods

問題2選項

A.Thereisnoneedtowastesomuchmoneyfortotreatbreastcancer.

B.Untilnow,breastcancerisstillanincurableillnessaroundtheworld.

C.Thereisanincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplesufferingfromcancer.

D.ThereareincidentsofexcessiveirradiationofpatientsinAmerica.

問題3選項

A.Itisadouble-edgedswordinthetermofcancer.

B.Ithasbeenarguedinthemedicalprofession.

C.Itismuchsafertobeusedtotreatbreastcancer.

D.Theradiationdosagescanbecontrolledeasily.

問題4選項

A.Heatup.

B.Drawout.

C.Intensify.

D.Putup.

問題5選項

A.ineffective

B.loose

C.harmful

D.unnecessary

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段第一句話Theskinlesionsonherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessionbutatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation“他們說：她胸部的皮膚損傷不是因為她的病而是因為應(yīng)該治好她的機器。這位32歲的患者接受了近30次放療但在這一點上，沒有真正的意義去計算它們，因為一個程序錯誤導(dǎo)致每個裝置提供了至少三倍于規(guī)定的輻射量”，第二步，綜合理解，由此可知答案選C選項“過度放療”。

A選項“乳腺癌”，見正確選項解析，可知Ａ選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“先進(jìn)的科技”，定位到文章第四段第二句話Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?“技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、治療方法的改進(jìn)和更全面的篩查方案是否導(dǎo)致了對患者的系統(tǒng)性、過度照射？”文章雖然有提到先進(jìn)技術(shù)，但這不是Jn-Charles胸部受傷的原因，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“治療方法”，見正確選項解析，是因為程序錯誤導(dǎo)致患者接受了三倍的輻射，所以才造成患者出現(xiàn)灼傷，如果按照規(guī)定輻射來可能不會出現(xiàn)這種情況，所以不能選D選項，屬于曲解文意。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段第一句話Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.“在這次會議結(jié)束兩年半后的2005年，Jn-Charles去世了，他最終成為美國醫(yī)院意外過度輻射的典型例子”，由此可知答案選D選項“在美國也有病人接受過度照射的案例”。

A選項“沒有必要浪費這么多錢去治療乳腺癌”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選；

B選項“到目前為止，乳腺癌在世界范圍內(nèi)仍是一種不治之癥”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選；

C選項“越來越多的年輕人患癌癥”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第二句Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.“例如，CT掃描在應(yīng)對不斷上升的癌癥發(fā)病率時已變得司空見慣，但它本身被認(rèn)為會增加一個人患癌癥的可能性”，第二步綜合理解，從這里可知，在檢測是否患癌癥時，醫(yī)生一般會用CT，但是CT會讓使用者更容易得癌，所以說CT是把有利有弊的雙刃劍，正確答案選A選項“對于癌癥來說，這是一把雙刃劍”。

B選項“醫(yī)學(xué)界對此一直爭論不休”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，不選；

C選項“用于治療乳腺癌要安全得多”，定位到第五段倒數(shù)第二句話ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“這種掃描產(chǎn)生的輻射量是X射線的數(shù)百倍——即使嚴(yán)格遵循指導(dǎo)方針和劑量”由此可知C選項錯誤這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項“輻射劑量很容易控制”，雖然這里有提到劑量，但是沒有提到劑量是否容易控制，而且文章病例是因為過度輻射而造成的，所以文章暗含著其實劑量不容易控制，這里屬于無中生有。

4.詞匯推斷題。第一步，句中前后信息連接，rampup前面接的是一個機構(gòu)后面接的是努力，第二步，上下文語義推測，整段的大意是一個令人吃驚的案例發(fā)表之后獲得很大的關(guān)注，然后某機構(gòu)出來推動限制使用輻射，避免患者過多暴露在輻射中，由上下文意可知，該機構(gòu)在收到反饋之后是加大自己的努力，從這里可知答案選C選項“增強，強化”。

A選項“加熱，升溫”，不符合文章意思，屬于無中生有；

B選項“擬定，導(dǎo)致”；

D選項“提供；建造”。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章最后一段一二句ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients．．．“但FDA的監(jiān)管機構(gòu)一般只關(guān)注設(shè)備制造商，無法保證州一級的合規(guī)。即使是符合規(guī)定的醫(yī)療機構(gòu)也有對病人進(jìn)行過度輻射的風(fēng)險……”，由此可見作者對FDA所采取的措施有效與否是持否定態(tài)度的，所以答案選A選項“無效的”。

B選項“松散的”，文章并沒有提及FDA在實施這些措施的時候是否嚴(yán)格，所以B選項不能選，屬于無中生有；

C選項“有害的”，文章沒有提到有害之處，屬于無中生有；

D選項“沒必要的”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

3.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問題2選項

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問題3選項

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問題4選項

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)這項調(diào)查，讓員工快樂的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪者認(rèn)為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項“獲得有競爭力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應(yīng)該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問在接受調(diào)查的人中，對工作感到不快樂的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪者認(rèn)為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪者則認(rèn)為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項“20%”正確。B選項“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項“31%”錄音中沒有提及；D選項“73%”的對象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項“充滿熟練工人的公司”；B選項“管理得當(dāng)?shù)墓尽焙虲選項“由女性經(jīng)營的公司”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個小時的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因為兼職人員的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。A選項“他們可以贏得工作上的認(rèn)可”是對工作幸福感最不重要的兩個影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無關(guān)，因此排除；C選項“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此也可排除。

4.單選題

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項philosophical“哲學(xué)的（等于philosophic）；冷靜的”；B選項ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；C選項literal“文字的；逐字的；無夸張的”；D選項invalid“無效的；有病的；殘疾的”。句意：算命的人擅長說一些模棱兩可的話，比如“你的悲傷會變的”。根據(jù)句意，B選項正確。

5.單選題

Drunkendriving—sometimescalledAmerica’ssociallyacceptedformofmurder—hasbecomeanationalepidemic（流行?。?EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledbydrunkendrivers.

Adrunkendriverisusuallydefinedasonewitha0.10bloodalcoholcontentorroughlythreebeers,glassesofwineorshotsofwhiskydrunkwithintwohours.HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimageandjudgesweretolerantinmostcourts,butthedrunkenslaughterhasrecentlycausedsomanywell-publicizedtragedies,especiallyinvolvingyoungchildren,thatpublicopinionisnolongersotolerant.

Twentystateshaveraisedthelegaldrinkingageto21,reversingatrendinthe1960storeduceitto18.AfterNewJerseylowereditto18,thenumberofpeoplekilledby18—20-year-olddriversmorethandoubled,sothestaterecentlyuppeditbackto21.Reformers,however,fearraisingthedrinkingagewillhavelittleeffectunlessaccomplishedbyeducationalprogramstohelpyoungpeopletodevelop“responsibleattitudes”aboutdrinkingandteachthemtoresistpressuretodrink.

Toughnewlawshaveledtoincreasedarrestsandtestsand,inmanyareasalready,toamarkeddeclineinfatalities.Somestatesarealsopenalizingbarsforservingcustomerstoomanydrinks.Atavern（酒店主）inMassachusettswasfinedforservingsixormoredoublebrandiestoacustomerwhowas“obviouslyintoxicated”andlaterdroveofftheroad,killinganine-year-oldboy.

Asthefatalitiescontinuetooccurdailyineverystate,someAmericansareevenbeginningtospeakwellofthe13yearsofnationalprohibitionofalcoholthatbeganin1919.Theyforgetthatlegalprohibitiondidn’tstopdrinking,butencouragedpoliticalcorruptionandorganizedcrime.Aswiththeboomingdrugtradegenerally,thereisnoeasysolution.

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause（）.

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat（）.

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave（）.

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause（）.

問題1選項

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkers

B.Americansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidents

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicity

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmerica

問題2選項

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalage

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddrivers

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960s

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaised

問題3選項

A.reducedthenumberofconvictions

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidents

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomers

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrink

問題4選項

A.alcoholiseasilyobtained

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrime

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailed

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficient

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause______.1.醉酒駕駛在美國已經(jīng)成為一個主要問題，因為______。

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkersA.大多數(shù)美國人都酗酒

B.AmericansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidentsB.美國人現(xiàn)在對交通事故不那么震驚了

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicityC.事故引起了如此多的關(guān)注

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmericaD.在美國，喝酒是一種被社會接受的習(xí)慣

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“酗酒曾經(jīng)是美國人可以接受的一部分（HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimage），在大多數(shù)法庭上，法官都很寬容，但最近醉酒車禍造成了如此多廣為人知的悲劇，尤其是涉及年幼兒童的悲劇，公眾輿論不再那么寬容了（publicopinionisnolongersotolerant）?！?，從中可知，在美國，喝酒是一種被社會所接受的習(xí)慣，而這種習(xí)慣造成了很多悲劇，成為美國的主要問題，所以D項“在美國，喝酒是一種被社會接受的習(xí)慣”符合題意，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“大多數(shù)美國人都酗酒”，文中只是提起喝酒是美國社會接受的一種習(xí)慣，并不代表大多數(shù)美國人都酗酒，該項曲解原文；

B項“美國人現(xiàn)在對交通事故不那么震驚了”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C項“事故引起了如此多的關(guān)注”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，醉酒駕駛造成的悲劇太多，使得公眾輿論對這種喝酒的習(xí)慣不再寬容，文中并沒有提到公眾的關(guān)注，該項曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat______.2.新澤西州發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，______。

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalageA.許多司機沒有達(dá)到法定年齡

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddriversB.年輕人往往不善于開車

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960sC.飲酒水平在20世紀(jì)60年代有所上升

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaisedD.法定飲酒年齡應(yīng)該提高

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞NewJersey定位至第三段第二句“在新澤西州把飲酒年齡降到18歲以后，18-20歲司機的死亡人數(shù)增加了一倍多，因此該州最近又把飲酒的年齡提高到21歲”，從新澤西州的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)來看，降低飲酒年齡，醉酒駕駛造成的死亡人數(shù)還增加了，這說明應(yīng)該提高法定的飲酒年齡，故D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“許多司機沒有達(dá)到法定年齡”、B項“年輕人往往不善于開車”在原文沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C項“飲酒水平在20世紀(jì)60年代有所上升”，文中只提到將法定飲酒年齡提高到21歲扭轉(zhuǎn)了20世紀(jì)60年代將法定飲酒年齡降低到18歲的趨勢，該項中的levelofdrinking（飲酒水平）在文中并沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave______.3.一些州最近出臺的法律______。

A.reducedthenumberofconvictionsA.減少了定罪的人數(shù)

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidentsB.使得嚴(yán)重事故的發(fā)生更少

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomersC.禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顧客

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrinkD.規(guī)定司機可以喝多少酒

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“嚴(yán)厲的新法律使得被捕人數(shù)和接受檢查的人數(shù)增加，并且許多地區(qū)的死亡率顯著下降”，從中可知，最近出臺的與飲酒相關(guān)的法律使得死亡率顯著下降，這也就是說這些法律降低了交通事故的發(fā)生率，B項“使得嚴(yán)重事故的發(fā)生更少”符合這一分析。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“減少了定罪的人數(shù)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，嚴(yán)厲的法律使得被捕人數(shù)增多了，而不是減少了，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顧客”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“一些州還懲罰酒吧為顧客提供過多的酒”可知，法律只是禁止酒吧為顧客提供過量的酒，關(guān)于“醉酒的顧客”并沒有提到，該項曲解原文；

D項“規(guī)定司機可以喝多少酒”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause______.4.醉駕問題之所以難以解決，是因為______。

A.alcoholiseasilyobtainedA.酒很容易獲得

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrimeB.飲酒與有組織的犯罪有關(guān)

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailedC.法律禁止已經(jīng)失敗了

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficientD.僅靠立法是不夠的

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“他們忘記了法律禁令并沒有讓人們停止飲酒，而是鼓勵了政治腐敗和有組織的犯罪。就像激增的毒品交易一樣，沒有簡單的解決辦法?！睆闹锌芍?，即使有法律禁令，人們還是繼續(xù)飲酒，并且政治腐敗和有組織的犯罪也增加了；所以推斷，醉駕問題之所以難以解決，是因為僅靠立法是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“酒很容易獲得”、C項“法律禁止已經(jīng)失敗了”在原文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B項“飲酒與有組織的犯罪有關(guān)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，原文只是提到法律禁令鼓勵了有組織的犯罪，但是并沒有說明飲酒和有組織的犯罪之間的關(guān)系，所以該項并不能推斷出來，屬于曲解原文。

6.單選題

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

問題1選項

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargument

D.suggestvariousmeansofencouragingadolescentstodeveloppersonalpoliticalideologies

問題2選項

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination

C.Evaluationbytheadolescentofthegeneralprinciplesencompassinghisorherspecificpoliticalideas.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety

問題3選項

A.familiarlegislationregardingpoliticalactivity

B.theexperiencesthatalladolescentsshare

C.asociety'sgeneralsenseofitsownpoliticalactivity

D.asociety'swillingnesstoresolvepoliticaltensions

問題4選項

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinw