考研考博-英語-新疆體育職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆體育職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問題2選項

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問題4選項

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者主要談?wù)摰氖鞘裁?？錄音開頭就提及：今天我們將討論如何成為一名社會工作者。社會工作是助人的職業(yè)。B選項“作為一種職業(yè)的社會工作”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“社會工作的歷史”在錄音中并沒有信息提及；C選項“社會工作申請人所需的學(xué)歷”和D選項“全國社會工作者協(xié)會的目標”，雖然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是談話人主要談?wù)摰脑掝}，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問社工主要是做什么？說話者在介紹完主題之后，立馬講到：社工的主要任務(wù)是增進人類福祉，幫助滿足所有人的基本需求，特別關(guān)注弱勢群體以及受壓迫和生活貧困的人。D選項“他們幫助提高弱勢群體的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正確。A選項“他們試圖改變?nèi)藗兊纳鐣袨椤?；B選項“他們提高人們的環(huán)境意識”和C選項“他們?yōu)槭I(yè)者創(chuàng)造很多機會”都不是他們主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)說話者，專業(yè)社會工作者有什么共同點？錄音提到全國有60多萬的專業(yè)社會工作者，他們都有社會工作的學(xué)士學(xué)位、碩士學(xué)位或者博士學(xué)位。也就是說，專業(yè)社會工作者的共同點是都有社會工作的學(xué)位，因此C選項“他們都有社會工作學(xué)位”正確。A選項“通過工作他們已大不相同”和D選項“他們都接受過嚴格的臨床培訓(xùn)”是利用錄音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained設(shè)置的干擾項；B選項“他們都是國家協(xié)會的成員”在錄音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問MelWilson將在這個系列中談?wù)撌裁?？錄音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson將會講述在拿到社會工作的學(xué)位之后的擇業(yè)范圍，以及社會工作者必須堅守的高標準的責(zé)任。A選項“社工的工作選擇和責(zé)任”是對錄音原文的概括，因此正確。B選項“社會工作者滿足人們需要的方式”；C選項“對社會工作者而言培訓(xùn)的重要性”以及D選項“社會工作者社會地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要討論的內(nèi)容，因此排除。

2.單選題

______isyoursubstitutionofsomeoneelseforyourselfinregardtoaskingforyourlegalright.

問題1選項

A.Subjugation

B.Subrogation

C.Subversion

D.Submerge

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項subjugation“征服，鎮(zhèn)壓”，B項subrogation“代理，代替”，C項subversion“顛覆，破壞”，D項submerge“淹沒，把……浸入”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞substitution“代替”可知，空格處對應(yīng)的單詞是B項subrogation“代理，代替”。句意：代理權(quán)是指你以他人代替你自己來要求你的合法權(quán)利。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

3.單選題

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

問題1選項

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthefirst（序數(shù)詞）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的從句一定要用“現(xiàn)在完成時”，現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不會相信，這已經(jīng)是今晚第三次有人給我打電話了。hastelephoned使用了現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。

4.翻譯題

今諸生學(xué)于太學(xué)(theImperialCollege)，縣官(theroyalcourt)日有廩稍之供，父母歲有裘葛之遺，無凍餒之患矣；坐大廈之下而誦《詩》《書》，無奔走之勞矣；有司業(yè)(DirectorsofStudies)、博士之師，未有問而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之書集于此，不必若余之手錄，假諸人而后見也。其業(yè)有不精，德有不成者，非天質(zhì)之卑，則心不若余之專耳，豈他人之過哉？(5分)

人們?yōu)閴粝攵窢?，正如為財產(chǎn)而斗爭一樣。于是夢想即由幻想的世界走進了現(xiàn)實的世界，而成為了我們生命中的一個真實力量。夢想無論怎樣模糊，總潛伏在我們心底，使我們的心境永遠得不到寧靜，直到這些夢想成為事實為止；像種子在底下一樣，一定要萌芽滋長，伸出地面來，尋找陽光。(4分)

目前是研究在交叉文化與多種文化方面人類的相似性的最好時機了。差異談得夠多了。強調(diào)我們的差異使我們?nèi)祟惐舜耸柽h，使我們長久地相互猜疑；在極端的情況下加深我們的分歧使我們彼此否定，失去人性結(jié)果是導(dǎo)致相互殘殺。(3分)

刑事偵破(forensic)科學(xué)家的工作，與其說是迅速和富于洞察力，不如說是更為緩慢，更具有分析性的。但這種方法所展示出的高質(zhì)量與謹慎可由如下事實得以反映出來：只有少數(shù)案件真正會成為審判室的主要案件。鑒于在預(yù)審中被告所聽到的刑偵證據(jù)之確鑿，他們常常折服于證明他們有罪的有分量的科學(xué)信息，并且在審判還未開始之前就低頭認罪。（3分）

【答案】NowadaysmanystudentspursueaneducationintheImperialCollege,theywouldn’tneedtoworryaboutstarvationandcoldnessastheroyalcourtwouldofferthemeverydayfoodforfreeandparentsyourseasonalclothes.Withoutgoingoutside,theyjustsitinthecomfortableroomandreadtheclassicpoemsandhistoricalbooks.WithDirectorsofStudiesandMr.Knowledgebeingtheirteachers,alloftheirquestionsandinquirieswillbesolved.TheCollegehassuchasufficientcollectionofbooksthattheyneedn’tmakehandwrittencopiesafterborrowingbooksfromotherslikeIdidbefore.Iftheymakenoachievementintheirstudyandfailtobeapersonofhighvirtue,itdoesn’tresultfromtheirlearningabilitybuttheirlessdevotion.Itistheirownfault.

Peoplefightfordreamsjustthesameasforwealth.Dreamscomeintotherealityworldfromafantasyone,andbecomeakindofrealforceinourlives.Nomatterhowpuzzlingtheymayseem,dreamshideinourinnerheartssothatwecouldeverfindnopeaceinourmindsuntiltheybecomereality.Likeseedsdeepunderground,dreamssproutandgrowtofindthesun.

Itisthebesttimenowtostudyonhumansimilaritiesincross-cultureandmulti-cultureaspects.Nomoredifferences.Emphasizingthedifferenceskeepsusawayfromeachotherandsuspectseachotherforalongtime.Deepeningourdivergenceswouldresultin,tosomeextremes,ourdoubtstoeverybody,andmakeourhumannaturelost,wemightendupwithcruelkillingamongus.

Ratherthanbeingquickandofgreatinsight,theforensicscientists'workremainsslowandanalytic.Thehighqualityandcarefulnessofthismethod,however,couldbeshownonthefollowingfacts.Onlyafewcaseswouldactuallycometotrial.Thedefendantsareoftenconvincedbytheforensicevidencepresentedinthepre-trials,whicharescientificandimportantenoughtoestablishtheirguilt,andcommittocrimesbeforetrials.admittheircrimesbeforetrials.

5.單選題

（）dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不管他多么無趣，但是他確實是一位非常成功的高級管理人員。

考查連詞辨析。although盡管，雖然，然而（其后跟正常語序的句子）；whatever無論什么;as因為，隨著，雖然（引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，該從句中的表語成分一般放在句首），當…時；however不管怎樣（接副詞或形容詞）。由句意可知前后為讓步關(guān)系。故選D。

6.翻譯題

中國的電影行業(yè)已經(jīng)步入了一個新階段，始于七年前的行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改革使國內(nèi)票房以年均3%的驚人速度達到一個新的增長水平，這在世界上也是不多見的。

更多的優(yōu)秀電影展現(xiàn)給了公眾，這自然會吸引越來越多的觀眾走進電影院，也會激發(fā)投資商對該行業(yè)投資的熱情，這的確是個良性循環(huán)。中央政府已經(jīng)采取了新政策，幫助刺激國內(nèi)市場的發(fā)展。隨著國內(nèi)與國際市場密切關(guān)系的建立，國產(chǎn)影片在海外的影響和競爭力一定會越來越大。中國也已經(jīng)承諾，將按照WTO協(xié)議進一步開放娛樂市場。

當前，中國的電影制作人主要是自籌資金，但是新的籌資渠道正在出現(xiàn)。隨著中國金融體制的完善，越來越多的電影電視公司依靠金融機構(gòu)籌集資金，同時以票房收入、版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓以及演員的個人聲望做保障。

【答案】【參考譯文】China’sfilmindustryhasenteredanewstage.Thestructurereformoffilmindustrystartingfromsevenyearsagohasincreasedthedomesticboxofficeastonishinglyinanaverageannualspeedof3%toanewlevelofgrowth,andthisisalsorareintheworld.

Anincreasingnumberofgoodmovieswillnaturallyattractmoreandmoreaudiencesintocinemaandalsostimulatetheinvestors’enthusiasmforinvestinginthisindustry,whichisindeedapositivecircle.Thecentralgovernmenthasadoptedanewpolicytostimulatethedevelopmentofthedomesticmarket.Withtheestablishmentofacloserelationshipbetweenthedomesticandinternationalmarket,theinfluenceandcompetitivenessofdomesticfilmsinoverseaswillcertainlybeincreasing.ChinahasalsopromisedtofurtheropenitsentertainmentmarketinaccordancewiththeWTOagreement.

Atpresent,theChina’sfilmmakersmainlyhavefundsraisedbythemselves,butthenewfinancingchannelsareemerging.WiththeimprovementoftheChinesefinancialsystem,moreandmorefilmandtelevisioncompaniesarerelyingonfinancialinstitutionstoraisefundsandatthesametimeusingtheboxofficeearnings,copyrighttransferandtheactor’spersonalpopularityasguarantees.

7.單選題

HurricaneHugowill_____intherecordbooksasthecostlieststormeverfacedbyinsurers.

問題1選項

A.godown

B.goup

C.goby

D.gothrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。godown“下降，傳下去”；goup“增長，上升”；goby“經(jīng)過，順便拜訪”；gothrough“經(jīng)受，通過，仔細檢查”。句意：颶風(fēng)雨果將作為有史以來遭遇損失最嚴重的暴風(fēng)雨被載入史冊。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent（）whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

問題1選項

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短語搭配。Which指先行詞theextent，空格處詞語應(yīng)與theextent相搭配，構(gòu)成to……extent。B選項正確。

9.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項“描述統(tǒng)計和推理統(tǒng)計的缺點”不符合題意。B選項“推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的應(yīng)用”，推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類，不符合題意。選項D“使用描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)”跟選項B類似，描述性統(tǒng)計學(xué)也只是統(tǒng)計學(xué)的一類。因此C選項“統(tǒng)計學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計方法的早期發(fā)展受到兩種截然不同的影響。可知A選項“different”（不同的）正確。B選項“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統(tǒng)計學(xué)有一個“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機構(gòu)的文件（國家和統(tǒng)計學(xué)這兩個詞源于同一個拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數(shù)學(xué)來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計學(xué)的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數(shù)據(jù)可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型。可以得知B選項“height”沒有提及，所以B選項正確。選項A“Gender”（性別），選項C“Collegemajor”（大學(xué)專業(yè)），選項D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統(tǒng)計學(xué)的目的就是通過了解一個群體中一部分樣本的特征來預(yù)測或估計該群體的特征。則B選項“預(yù)測整個人口的特征”正確。

10.單選題

Thepresidentoftheboardalwaysgiveshisdirectionsso______thateveryonecanunderstandthem.

問題1選項

A.simply

B.explicitly

C.largely

D.shortly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項simply“簡單地；樸素地；坦白地”；B選項explicitly“明確地；明白地”；C選項largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；D選項shortly“立刻；簡短地；唐突地”。句意：總統(tǒng)總是使他的方向……，讓每個人都能理解他們。根據(jù)everyonecanunderstandthem.（每個人都能夠理解他們），可推測，要使每個人都能理解他們，總統(tǒng)會讓他的方向通俗易懂。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

11.單選題

MakingEveryDropCount

AThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.

BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.

CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.

DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.

EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.

FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.

GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.

HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.

1.WateruseperpersonishigherintheindustrialworldthanitwasinAncientRome.

2.Feedingincreasingpopulationsispossibledueprimarilytoimprovedirrigationsystems.

3.ModernwatersystemsimitatethoseoftheancientGreeksandRomans.

4.Industrialgrowthisincreasingtheoveralldemandforwater.

5.Moderntechnologieshaveledtoareductionindomesticwaterconsumption.

問題1選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題2選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題3選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題4選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

問題5選項

A.T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

B.F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

C.NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章A段，“suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.”，為羅馬居民提供的人均用水量，相當于當今工業(yè)世界許多地區(qū)的人均用水量。Asmuchas和表述中的higher相反，可判斷出工業(yè)世界的人均用水量和古羅馬時期相當，表述錯誤。

2.根據(jù)文章B段，“Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.”，糧食產(chǎn)量的激增帶來了人口的增長，主要原因是人工灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴大，這使得世界40%的糧食產(chǎn)量得以增長?？膳袛喑鲋饕捎诠喔认到y(tǒng)的改善，養(yǎng)活越來越多的人口成為可能，表述正確。

3.根據(jù)文章C段，“halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.”，世界上一半的人口仍在遭受水資源不足的痛苦，供水服務(wù)不如古希臘和古羅馬人。文中并未提及現(xiàn)代是否模仿了古希臘和古羅馬的供水系統(tǒng)，所以表述在文中并未體現(xiàn)。

4.根據(jù)文章F段，“Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.”，盡管發(fā)達國家的人口、工業(yè)產(chǎn)出和經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)力繼續(xù)增長，但人們從蓄水層、河流和湖泊取水的速度已經(jīng)放緩。所以工業(yè)的增長并沒有使人們增加對水的需求，表述錯誤。

5.根據(jù)文章G段，“Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.”，自1980年以來，由于一系列有利于家庭和工業(yè)節(jié)水的新技術(shù)，人均用水量實際上已經(jīng)呈下降趨勢?？膳袛喑霈F(xiàn)代技術(shù)確實已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了人們生活用水量的減少，表述正確。

12.單選題

TheSupremeCourt（）thejudgmentofthelowercourt.

問題1選項

A.amplified

B.affirmed

C.ascended

D.applauded

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：最高法院

下級法院的判決。amplify擴大，詳述；affirm斷定，確認，批準，支持；ascend上升；applaud鼓掌。因此，B項符合句意。

13.單選題

Heavyrainswerecausinginundationandmuchdamagethroughoutthecounty.

問題1選項

A.muchinconvenience

B.seriousconcern

C.overflowofwater

D.humanmisery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：暴雨引起了……并給整個國家?guī)淼暮艽蟮膿p害。muchinconvenience“極大的不便”；seriousconcern“深切關(guān)注”；overflowofwater“溢出的水”；humanmisery“人類的苦難”。根據(jù)“heavyrains”可推測出劃線單詞的意思是“洪水”，選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Otherguestsatyesterday'sopeningceremony,whichwasbroadcast（

）bytheradiostationincludedtheGovernorandtheMayor.

問題1選項

A.alive

B.live

C.lively

D.living

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。alive“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；live“直播的，活的”；lively“活潑的，生動的”；living“現(xiàn)存的，活躍的，逼真的”。句意：昨天，廣播電臺現(xiàn)場直播的開幕式上，其他來賓包括州長和市長。由broadcast可推知是現(xiàn)場直播。故B項正確。

15.單選題

ContrarytothesuggestionmadelastweekbyEliotSpitzer,theNewYorkStateattorneyGeneral,long-termmutualfundinvestorsarenotsignificantlyworseoffbecauseofshort-termtradingbymarkertimers.Buttradinginforeignstockmutualfundsconstitutesamajorexceptiontothisgeneralrule.

Spitzer’scommentscameonWednesday,whenhesaidthatsomefundcompanieshadallowedfavoredclientstobuyorselltheirfundsafterthestockmarketclose.Notonlywouldthisbeillegal,butitwouldalsoviolateinvestors’trustthatmutual,fundsputtheindividualandinstitutionalinvestorsonanequalfooting.

Mr.Spitzerannouncedthathehadreacheda$40millionsettlementwithEdwardJ.Stemandhishedgefund,CanaryCapitalPartners,whichdidnotadmitwrongdoing.Theattorneygeneralsaidfurtherinvestigationsofthemutualfundindustrywereunderway.

Hedidnotallegethatmarkettimingfrequentswitchingbetweenfundsandcash,generallytosidestepmarketdeclineswasitselfillegal.Buthehintedthatbecausemarkettimingsometimeshadadetrimentaleffectonlongtermfundinvestors,fundsmighthaveviolatedtheirfiduciaryresponsibilitiestoshareholdersbyallowingit.

Itiseasytounderstandhowthismaybeso.Thelargecashflowsthatresultfrommarkettimers’frequenttradingcanleadtosignificanttransactioncosts,whicharebornebyallshareholders,notjustbythetradersthemselves.

Thisiswhy,accordingtoJeffreyC.Keil,avicepresidentatLipperInc.almostallfundsincludelanguageintheirprospectusesreservingtherighttorejectsharepurchasefrominvestorsdeemedtobemarkettimers.Inpractice,however,accordingtoKeil,fewfundsactuallyprohibitsomeonefrominvestinginthem,thoughmanyimposefeesthatdiscourageshort-termtrading.

Onereasonthatfewfundscompletelyclosethedoortomarkettimersmaybethatthecostsimposedbymarkettimersinmostcasesareinsignificant.AccordingtoWilliamN.Goetzmann,afinanceprofessoratYale,dealingwiththeinflowsandredemptionsinducedbymarkettimersislittlemorethana“minorcash-managementproblem”formostfundmanagers.

ProfessorGoetzmann,pointstotheperformanceofindexfunds.Eventhoughtheyareusedheavilybymarkettimers,theirreturnsaretypicallyclosetothoseofthemarketaveragesthataretheirbenchmarks.Hecontendsthatthiswouldnotbethecaseifmarket