考研考博-英語-日照航海工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-日照航海工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

問題1選項

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝句用法。根據(jù)句意，前半句與后半句均表示否定含義，因此后半句用nor引導(dǎo)。nor后應(yīng)接倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。因此D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（

）afterthefloodin1991.

問題1選項

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。survive“幸存，生還”；suspend“延緩”；suffer“遭受，允許，寬恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的幫助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下來。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

ThepoetCarlosWilliamwasaNewJerseyphysician.

問題1選項

A.professor

B.doctor

C.physicist

D.resident

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。physician“內(nèi)科大夫”，A選項professor“教授”；B選項doctor“醫(yī)生”；C選項physicist“物理學(xué)家”；D選項resident“居民”。句意：詩人威廉姆?卡洛斯是新澤西州的一名內(nèi)科大夫。只有B選項與physician含義相近。

4.單選題

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

問題1選項

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告訴我參加會議的學(xué)生人數(shù)超過了100人。

語法題。考查主謂一致。此句為賓語從句。賓語從句的主語為thenumber,因此其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。而且主句的時態(tài)為一般過去時,所以賓語從句時態(tài)與主句保持一致。故選D。

5.單選題

Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.

問題1選項

A.influential

B.educated

C.diligent

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.influential有很大影響的B.educated受過教育的

C.diligent孜孜不倦的；勤勉的D.sophisticated見多識廣的；老練的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】literacy表示“讀寫能力”，literate是literacy的形容詞形式，那么literate表示“有讀寫能力的”，即受過教育的，B項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】該國的識字率有所提高，識字人口比例從十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。

6.單選題

ThankstosomehelpfromprofessorsattheuniversityinCanberra，theAustralianauthoritiesarelettingmetobringmybiologicalsamplesintothecountrywithouttheusualthree-week

quarantine.

問題1選項

A.Thankstosomehelpfrom

B.attheuniversityinCanberra

C.arelettingmetobring

D.three-week

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。C項中去掉to。Letsb.dosth.為固定搭配。

7.單選題

Manoftenwondershowtheearthevolvedfromahot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryplanetthat_______inpicturesfromspace.

問題1選項

A.standsfor

B.standsby

C.standsup

D.standsout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“standsfor”意為“代表；意味著”；B選項“standsby”意為“支持；袖手旁觀；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊”；C選項“standsup”意為“站起來；堅持；豎立；站得住腳；擁護”；D選項“standsout”意為“突出；杰出；堅持到底；堅決反對”。句意：人們常常想知道地球是如何從一個炙熱、狂暴的誕生演變成這個著名的含水星球，并從太空照片中脫穎而出的。由題干可知，inpicturesfromspace（在太空照片中），說明從太空層面來看，地球與其他星球截然不同，是個含水的星球，由此脫穎而出。因此D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

問題1選項

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。fade“褪色，逐漸消失”；illustrate“闡明，舉例說明”；confine“限制，緊閉”；concern“影響，牽掛，關(guān)系到，涉及”。句意：他大腦中童年時代的所有記憶在他65歲時都逐漸模糊。A項符合題意。

9.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

問題1選項

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

問題2選項

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

問題3選項

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問題4選項

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

問題5選項

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻譯為：其中一個是大腦左側(cè)控制語言的細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的。然而，在學(xué)習(xí)障礙者中，這些細(xì)胞是灰色的。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有按照應(yīng)有的方式排列。神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“white”“gray”可排除A、C選項，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（細(xì)胞不在一條線上）可排除B選項，因此可判斷D選項“顏色和排列”正確。

2.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能來自大腦的未知區(qū)域。”在文中并沒有提及，因此可知A選項正確。B選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大面積受損造成的?！痹谖闹械谖宥巍癏ebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻譯：他認(rèn)為大腦的這一側(cè)不能正常發(fā)育。他說，很可能那里的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有正常連接。所以大腦就像一個電線交叉的電子裝置?？赏茰y，大腦受損導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙。因此B選項正確，可排除。C選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的?！痹谖闹械诙巍癟hereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻譯：毫無疑問，所有的學(xué)習(xí)障礙都是由大腦組織方式的差異造成的。因此C選項符合原文意思，可排除。D選項Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問題引起的?！笨啥ㄎ坏轿闹械谖宥巍癉octorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻譯：Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問題引起的。因此，D選項也是直接來自原文，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。A選項“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（許多因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)習(xí)障礙），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻譯：科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，它們是由許多不同的事情引起的。因此A選項正確。B選項“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人沒有外在的跡象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻譯：你不能看著一個孩子就知道他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。沒有這種紊亂的外在跡象。因此B選項正確。C選項“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（閱讀障礙是影響10%人口的一個常見問題），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻譯：大約有10%的兒童患有這種疾病。與C選項不符，因此C選項錯誤。D選項“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知學(xué)習(xí)障礙者控制語言的左腦細(xì)胞是灰色的，而這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的?？赏茰y學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動與正常兒童不同。因此選項D正確。綜上所述，C選項為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻譯：達(dá)菲在波士頓兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)療中心試驗了他的技術(shù)。達(dá)菲博士

說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。A選項“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題不僅限于左腦”，達(dá)菲博士的研究證明“閱讀障礙還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域”，因此，選項B正確。C選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題是由左腦造成的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題并不在于大腦的左側(cè)”不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，B選項為正確答案。

5.推理判斷題。A選項“研究可能對大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，B選項“研究兒童如何學(xué)習(xí)讀寫和使用數(shù)字”，C選項“幫助學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童發(fā)展智力”，D選項“探討左腦在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“達(dá)菲博士說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。”，由此可推測接下來的研究會探討“大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

1.Recentreportsthatbedbugs［臭蟲］haveinfiltratedofficebuildings,movietheatersandstoresinNewYorkdidnotcomeasasurprisetoWesTyler,generalmanagerofaprestigioushotelindowntownSanFrancisco.“Shortofputtingabedbug-sniffingbeagleatyourdoortocheckeveryarrivingguestbeforetheycomein,you’regoingtogetbedbugs，”hesaid.“Dealingwiththemisthecostofdoingbusinessthesedays.”

2.Anemployeefirstdiscoveredabedbuginthe137-roomhotelin2003,andMr.Tyler

hassinceinstitutedacomprehensivebedbugdetectionprogramtofindtheblood-suckinginsectsbeforeaguestdoes.Forstarters,Mr.Tylercreatedapositioncalled“bedbugtechnician”——anemployeewhosesolejobistogofromroomtoroomcheckingforbedbugs.Thereisalsoabedbugbountyof$10paidtoanyemployeewhofindsone.Ifabedbugisfound,theroomandalladjacentroomaretakenoutofserviceforuptofivedayswhiletheyaresteam-cleanedandchemicallytreatedtoeliminatethebugsandtheireggs.Themattressesintheroomsarealsodiscarded.Thetotalcostforeachroomis$2,500,includinglostbookings.“Itsoundslikealotofmoney,butthevalueofagoodreputationisinfinite,”Mr.Tylersaid,“Yourbiggestfearisthatsomeonewillgetbittenandpostsomethingaboutitonanonlinetravelsite,andthat’dbeakiller.”

3.Bedbugsusedtobesolelyaresidentialproblem,buttheyareshowingupincommercialsettings,andnotjustinplaceswithbedslikehotels,nursinghomesandapartmentcomplexes.Increasingly,pestcontrolcompaniesreportfindingbedbugsinofficebuildings,movietheaters,clothingstores,foodplants,factoriesandevenairplanes.Fortheaffectedbusinesses,theexpensecanrunintothehundredsofthousandsofdollars.Forthecompaniesthatdealwiththescourge,itisabonanza,withbusinessdoublingandtripling.

4.Thecostsofcopingwithbedbugsaresignificant,andtheyarenotcoveredbymostinsurancepoliciesbecausetheyareseenasamaintenanceissue.Hiringbedbug-sniffingdogs,whichisconsideredthemosteffectivedetectiontechnique,costsabout$250fora1,200-square-footretailstoreandasmuchas$10,000foramillion-square-footdepartmentstore."Tostayaheadofbedbugs,Irecommendusingthedogstodoathoroughinspectionquarterly/'saidPepePeruyero,chiefexecutiveofacompanyinFloridathattrainsbedbug-sniffingdogsandoffersinspectionsforlargebuildingslikedepartmentstoresandschooldormitories.However,headded,manycustomerscannotafforditandinsteadchoosetorelyonthevigilanceofemployeesafteraninitialdogcheckcomesupclean.

5.Eliminatinginfestationsisalsocostly,rangingfrom$750forafewroomsinanofficebuildingto$70,000foralargeapartmentcomplex.Andthatisjustfortheapplicationofthecombinationofpesticidesthatkillsbedbugs.Itcostsanadditional40percentforthemostthoroughregimen:placingallthecontentsofanofficeorretailspaceintoaheatchamber——bedbugsdieat120degreesFahrenheit—andthensprayingpesticidesinthetemporarilyemptyrooms.’’Ittakesaboutfourtosevenhoursperroom”forthecombinationheatandpesticideprocedureandacoupleofhoursonthreeseparateoccasionsifusingpesticidesalone,saidJudyBlack,technicaldirectorforalargefirmbasedinCharlotte,NorthCarolina,whichprovidespestcontrolandotherqualitycontrolservicestocommercialcustomers."Gettingridofbedbugsisnotquickoreasy.”

6.Businesseslosemoneywhentheyhavetointerruptoperations.Inaddition,theymayhavetodestroybedbug-infestedmerchandise.Onewell-knownchainofsportinggoodsstores,forexample,hadtoclosetwoofitsoutletsinNewYorkinJuly,oneforfourbusinessdaysandanotherforfive,todealwithbedbuginfestations.Arepresentativeconfirmeddisposingofmerchandisebutdeclinedtocommentonthecost.

7.ThemanagementsoftheEmpireStateBuilding(afamousNewYorkCityskyscraper)andtheAMCTheaterchainweresimilarlytightlippedaboutthecostofdealingwithrecentbedbuginfestations."Nobodywantstotalkaboutthiseventhoughit'shappeningeverywhere,"saidRonHarrison,directoroftechnicalservicesforaAtlanta-basedpestcontrolcompanywhosecommercialbusinesshasmorethantripledsince2008."IspokebeforeachapteroftheNationalApartmentAssociationinoneAlabamacityandaskedforashowofhandsofthosewhohadexperiencedproblemswithbedbugs,andnotasinglehandwentup——yetrightthereinfrontofmewerethreeofourcustomerswhoIknowhadusedourservicestodeadwithbedbugsintheircommercialproperty."

8.Thesilence,ofcourse,istoavoidthestigmaofaninfestation.Evenifbusinesses

managetoavoidmediaattention,theymayendupononeofseveralwebsiteslikeand,whichencouragepeopletoreporthotels,apartmentcomplexes,officesandretailerswheretheysaworwerebittenbybedbugs."It’sbeennonstopdramadealingwithhotelsdisputingclaims,"saidMattCeglowski,acomputerprogrammerinSanFranciscowhostartedinNovember2006afterhewasbittenbybedbugsinalocalhotel."Everyoneisscaredofbeingpubliclyoustedandlosingbusiness."

9.Thereisalsoarealfearofliability.Bedbug-relatedlawsuitshavebeenincreasingsince2003,andseverallawyersnowadvertisethemselvesasspecialistsinsuchlitigation.TypicalisarecentcasefiledagainstalargePennsylvaniafurnitureestablishmentbyawomanwhocontendsthatfurnituresheboughttherehadbedbugs.Incourtdocuments,shesaidshewantedatleast$50,000incompensationbecausethebedbugsnotonlygaveheritchyweltsbutalsocausedhertoloseherhairandherjobasanattendantatanursinghome."Mostbedbugsuitsaresettledoutofcourtforlessthan$5,000,butI’veseendamagesgoashighassixfigures,”saidChristianHardigree,associateprofessorattheCollegeofHotelAdministrationattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas,andalawyerwhohasconsultedonbedbugcasesinvolvinghotels,cruiseships,movietheatersandnursinghomes."Itcanbeanightmareforbusinessesbecausealotofclaimantsinthesecasesaretreatingthelitigationsystemlikealotteryandaregoingafterthebigwin."

10.Inadditiontopersonal-injurylawfirms,otherbusinessesbenefitingfromthebedbugscourgeincludeafirmbasedinChicagothatmanufacturesenvelopingmattresscasestokeepoutmitesandbedbugs.Thecompanydevelopedtheproductin2004andhadsalesof$10millionlastyear,twiceasmuchasinthepreviousyear,accordingtoJamesBell,thecompany’schiefexecutive.Hepredictsanevenlargerjumpinsalesthisyear.“Theresponsehasbeenenormous,”hesaid.

11.BedbugsgaveLindaDevelascoofsuburbanChicagoanewcareerwhenshewaslaidofffromherjobasanew-accountsmanageratVerizontwoyearsago.Havinglearnedaboutbedbugsinthehospitalityindustryfromherfiance,whowasgeneralmanagerofahotel,sheboughtabedbug-sniffingbeaglenamedScoobyfor$9,700.Sherecoupedtheexpensewithinthreemonthsbydoingonetothreeinspectionseachweek."Hewaswortheverypenny,"saidMs.Develasco,whohadbeendoingmostlyresidentialworkbutwithinthelastweekbeganinspectingofficebuildings,retailstoresandmovietheaters.“It’sbeencrazy.”

12.Exterminatorsarealsoenjoyingawindfallafterseveralyearsofdecliningrevenueascustomerscutbackonpestcontroltreatmentstosavemoneyinthetighteconomy.“Ijustgota$60,000contracttotakecareofbedbugsinanapartmentcomplex”.TonyEsposito,ownerofasmallpestcontrolcompanyinTexas,shoutedintohiscellphoneashedrovetoinvestigateanotherbedbugcomplaintinnearbyHouston.“Ihadtopullmytruckoveranddoahappydance."

1.Ofthefoursuggestedtitlesbelow,thebestoneforthisarticleis（

）.

2.Mr.Tyler,theCalifornianhotelmanager（

）.

3.WhenMr.Tylerisquotedasusingthewordkillerinparagraph2,hemeans（

）.

4.Theuseoftraineddogstodetectbedbugs（

）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,insurancecompaniesare（

）.

6.Wemaydeducefromtheinformationinthearticlethatwhenbusinessesdiscoverbedbugstheytendtolosemoneyforeveryreasonexcept（

）.

7.WhenLindaDevelascousesthewordcrazyinparagraph11,sheismostprobablydescribing（

）.

8.Accordingtothearticle,pestexterminators（

）.

問題1選項

A.Arebedbugsbadforbusiness?Itdependsonthebusiness

B.Eek!BedbugsarenowturnupineverycomerofAmerica

C.Doyouhavebedbugs?Herearesomesuggestionsonhowtodefeattheinvaders

D.Getready!Bedbugsthreatenusall

問題2選項

A.recommendsusingtraineddogstopreventbedbugsfromenteringhotels

B.believesthattheonlyeffectiveresponsetobedbugsistowaittillcustomersfindthem

C.claimsthathishotelhasneverhadamajorbedbuginfestation,unlikeotherhotelsinSanFrancisco

D.believesthestrugglewithbedbugsisaninevitablepartofhotelmanagementnowadays

問題3選項

A.amurderer

B.somethingdevastatingforhishotel’sappealtocustomers

C.somethingthatwouldenhancehishotel'scommercialreputation

D.aterriblehealthhazard

問題4選項

A.ischeapenoughtoallowbothhomeownersandbusinessmentodothisasamatterofcourse

B.is,accordingtooneexecutivequotedinthearticle,necessaryonamonthlybasisforeffectivecontrolofthepests

C.is,accordingtoPepePeruyano,sufficientlyexpensivetomakeitsomethingmanybusinessownersdoonlyonce,iftheycanmanageit

D.ismoreimportantinplaceslikeFloridathaninotherpartsoftheUS,accordingtoPepePeruyano

問題5選項

A.usuallyunwillingtoinsureagainstbedbugsbecausetheybelievetheirpresenceorabsencedependsonhowwellownerskeeptheirpropertyclean

B.reluctanttoissuebedbuginsurancebecauseangrycustomerscansoeasilywincompensationfromthecourtsforexposuretobedbugs

C.unwillingtoinsurecommercialpropertiesagainstbedbugsunlessthepropertiesareregularlyinspectedbypestcontrolprofessionalsusingtraineddogs

D.happytoinsurecommercialpropertiesagainstbedbugs

問題6選項

A.ahikeintheirinsurancerates

B.ahaltintheiroperationswhilebedbugsareexterminated

C.expertinspectionoftheirfacilities

D.theneedtogetridofinfestedgoods

問題7選項

A.hermentalstateasaresultofbeingfirstlaidoffandthenhavingtoworkwithdogs

B.thedisgustshefeelsathavingtospendherworkinghoursdealingwithbedbugs

C.hershockatdiscoveringbedbugsinsomanydifferentsortsofenvironments

D.thepaceofherworksinceshebegantodobedbuginspectionswithherbeagleScooby

問題8選項

A.faceadecliningdemandfortheirservices

B.havemanagedtoconvincehome-ownersoftheneedfortheirservicesdespitetheeconomictroublesintheUS

C.havebedbugstothankfortheircurrentprosperityafteraperiodoffallingincome

D.withsmallbusinessesarecurrentlydoingwell,butthisisnottrueoflargercompaniesthatprovidepestcontrolservices

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先提出了臭蟲入侵紐約各大寫字樓、電影院和商店的問題；隨后通過實例對臭蟲入侵給各大酒店帶來的困擾和損失進行了詳細(xì)介紹；最后文章指出臭蟲的入侵在給各大酒店帶來損失的同時卻為另外一部分的行業(yè)另外一些行業(yè)卻來帶了巨大的利潤。因此A項最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段:Anemployeefirstdiscoveredabedbuginthe137-roomhotelin2003,andMr.Tylerhassinceinstitutedacomprehensivebedbugdetectionprogramtofindtheblood-suckinginsectsbeforeaguestdoes(2003年，一名員工在137間客房的酒店里首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只臭蟲，之后泰勒先生制定了一個全面的臭蟲檢測計劃，目的是在客人發(fā)現(xiàn)之前先發(fā)現(xiàn)吸血的昆蟲)。因此選D:泰勒先生認(rèn)為與臭蟲斗爭是當(dāng)今酒店管理中不可避免的一部分。

3.詞義題。Killer出現(xiàn)在第二段的最后一句:Itsoundslikealotofmoney，butthevalueofagoodreputationisinfinite,”Mr.Tylersaid,“Yourbiggestfearisthatsomeonewillgetbittenandpostsomethingaboutitonanonlinetravelsite,andthat’dbeakiller(這聽起來是很大的一筆錢，但是良好聲譽的價值卻是不可限量的，Tyler先生補充道，最讓人擔(dān)心的是有人被咬之后會到在線旅游網(wǎng)站上發(fā)表一些東西，這將會是一種……)。句子前半部分指出“良好聲譽的價值不可限量”而被咬的人在網(wǎng)站上面發(fā)表的東西固然會對酒店的聲譽構(gòu)成損害，故可以推斷出四個選項中與killer意思最相近的是選項B(酒店對顧客吸引力的破壞)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段:However,headded,manycustomerscannotafforditandinsteadchoosetorelyonthevigilanceofemployeesafteraninitialdogcheckcomesupclean(然而，他補充說，許多客戶支付不起雇傭‘臭蟲搜尋狗’的費用，從而在首次雇傭‘臭蟲搜尋狗’之后會選擇依靠工作人員)，因此可知C項“比較貴。哪怕是能負(fù)擔(dān)得起,很多企業(yè)著也只會支付一次”。

5.推理判斷題。第四段:Thecostsofcopingwithbedbugsaresignificant,andtheyarenotcoveredbymostinsurancepoliciesbecausetheyareseenasamaintenanceissue(應(yīng)對臭蟲的費用很高，并且大部分保險政策都不針對與臭蟲相關(guān)的問題，因為這些問題應(yīng)該屬于日常護理范疇),由此推斷A項“保險公司通常不愿意為臭蟲投保，因為他們認(rèn)為臭蟲的存在或不存在取決于主人如何清潔”正確。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞losemoney定位至第六段:Businesseslosemoneywhentheyhavetointerruptoperations(當(dāng)需要暫停營業(yè)時，商家就會虧損)。題干問的是發(fā)現(xiàn)臭蟲時，商家會虧損,除了…。故選A“保險費率提高”。

7.詞義題。定位至第11段,LindaDevelasco用一種臭蟲搜尋小獵犬掙了很多錢，但是以前她只在住宅區(qū)提供臭蟲搜尋服務(wù)，但后來很快就開始在辦公區(qū)、零售商店以及電影院等場所提供臭蟲搜尋服務(wù)。crazy出現(xiàn)在段尾。因此可以推斷出她所說的“這太瘋狂了”是因為臭蟲出現(xiàn)的場所從住宅區(qū)擴張到辦公區(qū)、零售商店以及電影院等眾多場所。

8.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段:Exterminatorsarealsoenjoyingawindfallafterseveralyearsofdecliningrevenueascustomerscutbackonpestcontroltreatmentstosavemoneyinthetighteconomy(在經(jīng)歷了幾年的收入下降后，滅蟲人員也獲得了一筆橫財，因為消費者為了在經(jīng)濟緊張的情況下節(jié)省開支而削減了害蟲防治措施)。故選C。

11.單選題

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.

問題1選項

A.Passion.

B.Determination.

C.Capability.

D.Action.

問題2選項

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol

問題3選項

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.

問題4選項

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines

問題5選項

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfully

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdo

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?21.以下哪一項是19世紀(jì)性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素？

A.Passion.A.激情，熱情

B.Determination.B.決心

C.Capability.C.能力

D.Action.D.行動

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the19th-centurycharactermodel定位第一段倒數(shù)第二句“作為靈魂的船長，你的工作就是建立水壩來控制這些激情（keepthesepassionsincheck）”，以及最后一句“你的工作就是對懶惰、欲望、貪婪、吸毒和其他罪惡說不（sayno）”，可知，在19世紀(jì)，最首要的性格模范就是“決心”，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項