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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-揚(yáng)州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
I’msureyourresearchhas______thisdisease.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.contributedtounderstandingof
B.contributedtounderstandof
C.beencontributedtounderstandof
D.beencontributedtounderstandingof
【答案】A
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:我相信你的研究有助于了解這種疾病。I’msure(that)+賓語從句,根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去、對現(xiàn)在有影響,確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);根據(jù)contribute的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)發(fā)生,確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài);根據(jù)of所屬結(jié)構(gòu)確定用名詞性的understanding,A選項(xiàng)contributedtounderstandingof符合題意。B選項(xiàng)understand是動(dòng)詞詞性,C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)中hasbeendone是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Little(
)howhappyIhadbeen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.shehadrealized
B.didsherealize
C.sherealized
D.hassherealized
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)否定詞little位于句首時(shí)后面的句子要進(jìn)行主謂倒裝,且由句中關(guān)鍵詞“hadbeen(過去完成時(shí)態(tài))”的對應(yīng)知這里應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),故B項(xiàng)“didherealize”正確。
3.單選題
Thisspaciousroomis()furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lightly
B.sparsely
C.hardly
D.rarely
【答案】B
【解析】句意:這間寬敞的房間設(shè)備稀少,里面只有幾件物品。
考查副詞辨析。lightly輕輕地,輕松地,滿不在乎地;sparsely稀疏地,節(jié)省地;hardly幾乎不,幾乎沒有;rarely難得,很少,表示少見,不經(jīng)常的情況。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“里面只有幾件物品”可知B符合句意。
4.單選題
Everybodyknowsthattheearthisspherical,______?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.doesn’the
B.doesn’tshe
C.don’tthey
D.doesn’tit
【答案】C
【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意:每個(gè)人都知道地球是球形的,不是嗎?當(dāng)陳述句的主語是everybody時(shí),反義疑問句的主語用they。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping()togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.occasionally
B.simultaneously
C.eventually
D.promptly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾,間或”;B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)”;C選項(xiàng)eventually“最后,終于”;D選項(xiàng)promptly“迅速地,立即地”。句意:海倫打字時(shí),習(xí)慣_____停下來梳理一下她那飄逸的長發(fā)。這里表示的是“偶爾停下來”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.單選題
Ethnicityshouldnotbethesolecriteriaintherestructuringprocessbecauseithasthe()powertolullconsciousnessoftheimplementersandmakethem()thosewhoarefromdifferentgroups.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dominant...bearthesightof
B.disproportionate...settheirsightson
C.uncannylosesightof
D.inherent...catchsightof
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占優(yōu)勢的,支配的”;沒有搭配bearthesightof,選項(xiàng)A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”;setone'ssighton“以為目標(biāo)”;uncanny“神秘的,離奇的”;losesightof“忽視,不看”;inherent“固有的,內(nèi)在的”;catchsightof“看見”。句意:種族不應(yīng)該成為改進(jìn)進(jìn)程的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因?yàn)樗幸环N內(nèi)在的力量減弱主體意識(shí),并且使他們看到來自不同群體的成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
7.單選題
Thearchaeologist(
)thatthevasewas1500yearsold.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.upheld
B.estimated
C.sustained
D.unitized
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。upheld意為“支持”;estimate意為“估計(jì),預(yù)測”;sustain意為“維持”;unitize意為“統(tǒng)一(化),組成”。
句意:考古學(xué)家估計(jì)這個(gè)花瓶有1500年歷史了。
8.單選題
IcelandliesfarnorthintheAtlantic,withitsnorthernmosttipactually
theArcticCircle.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.touched
B.touching
C.beingtouched
D.touches
【答案】B
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)前半部分內(nèi)容可知句子已經(jīng)有謂語部分,因此空格處不可能再出現(xiàn)謂語形式,因此可知只能選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞。再判斷出Iceland與ArcticCircle是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意:冰島位于大西洋北部,最北端與北極圈相接。
9.單選題
Whenplantingshrubberyitisadvisabletotamphedintaroundtherootaftercoveringthem.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.intrigue
B.fertilize
C.packdown
D.tamperwith
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干tamp“搗實(shí);壓實(shí);塞緊”。A項(xiàng)“激起……的興趣;密謀”,B項(xiàng)“使受孕;施肥于”,C項(xiàng)“把……壓實(shí)”,D項(xiàng)“篡改;干預(yù)”。因此選C。句意:種植灌木叢時(shí),建議將其覆蓋后夯實(shí)在根部周圍。
10.單選題
Forallherrichexperienceinpracticinglaw,thelawyerfailedtoprymuchinformationoutofthe______witness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sophisticated
B.obstinate
C.sober
D.gloomy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的;精致的;久經(jīng)世故的;富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”;B選項(xiàng)obstinate“頑固的;倔強(qiáng)的;難以控制的”;C選項(xiàng)sober“冷靜的,清醒的;未醉的”;D選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的;沮喪的;陰郁的”。句意:盡管這位律師有豐富的律師執(zhí)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),但她未能從這位固執(zhí)的證人那里打聽到多少信息。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.capacity
B.strength
C.length
D.possibility
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)capacity“能力、容量、資格”;B項(xiàng)strength“力量、力氣”;C項(xiàng)length“長度”;D項(xiàng)possibility“可能性”;句意:不外出工作的家庭主婦感覺家務(wù)活不能讓她們完全施展自己的能力。worktoone’scapacity“充分發(fā)揮才能”;因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Youhavenothingto()byrefusingtolistentoouradvice.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.gain
B.win
C.reach
D.profit
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)gain“獲得;增加”;B選項(xiàng)win“贏”;C選項(xiàng)reach“達(dá)到;延伸”;D選項(xiàng)profit“獲利;有益”。句意:你不聽我們的建議對你……。由固定搭配Youhavenothingtogain(你沒有好處)結(jié)合此處語境,A選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Mostofitisfugitive,buthereandthereinhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprose—somewriting,almostbyaccident,achievesanaestheticsatisfaction,adepthandrelevancethatentitleittostandwithotherexamplesoftheartofliterature.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.plausible
B.consequential
C.prudential
D.temporary
【答案】D
【解析】劃線詞fugitive說明主語狀態(tài),后面以一長串buthereandthereinhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprose補(bǔ)充說明主語出現(xiàn)在各種文學(xué)形式中,說明主語是“無常的”。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的;巧言令色的”;B選項(xiàng)consequential“間接的;結(jié)果的;自傲的”;C選項(xiàng)prudential“謹(jǐn)慎的;明辨的”;D選項(xiàng)temporary“臨時(shí)的;暫時(shí)的”,D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.寫作題
Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.
【答案】略
15.單選題
Frostbittenfingersandtoesshouldbetreatedwithlukewarmwater.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.frigid
B.tepid
C.boiling
D.steamy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lukewarm意為“微溫的,溫和的,不熱情的”;frigid意為“寒冷的,嚴(yán)寒的”;tepid意為“不冷不熱的,微溫的,不熱情的”;boiling意為“熾熱的,沸騰的,激昂的”;steamy意為“蒸汽的,充滿水汽的”。
句意:凍傷的手指和腳趾應(yīng)該用溫水處理。
16.單選題
Putondarkglassesorthesunwill(
)youandyouwon'tbeabletosee.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.discern
B.distort
C.dazzle
D.distract
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。discern意為“識(shí)別,覺察出,看出”;distort意為“歪曲,扭曲”;dazzle意為“使目?!?;distract意為“使分心”。
句意:戴上墨鏡,否則太陽會(huì)讓你眼花,你會(huì)看不見。
17.單選題
A()surgeoncanbeasdangerousasarecruitwithagunhedoesnotknowhowtohandle.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.professional
B.negligent
C.competent
D.mellow
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。professional“專業(yè)的”;negligent“疏忽的,粗心大意的”;competent“能勝任的,有能力的”;mellow“圓潤的;柔和的”。句意:一名粗心外科醫(yī)生的危險(xiǎn)性好比一名不會(huì)使用槍的新兵拿著一把槍。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
18.單選題
Thedecreaseofhisfeverwasabenignsign.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.unfavorable
B.favorable
C.harsh
D.unharsh
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)unfavorable“不宜的,令人不快的”,B項(xiàng)favorable“有利的,良好的”,C項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的,嚴(yán)酷的”,D項(xiàng)unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意:他退燒了是一個(gè)好兆頭。根據(jù)句意可知,benign在句中表示“好的”。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
19.單選題
Hefoundthe()mediaattentionintolerableanddecidedtogoabroad.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sufficient
B.constant
C.steady
D.plenty
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sufficient“足夠的,充分的”;constant“持續(xù)的,不變的,恒定的”;steady“穩(wěn)固的,不變的”;plenty“許多,豐富”。句意:媒體對他的不斷關(guān)注使他無法忍受,因此他決定出國。由intolerable可知B項(xiàng)正確,其他三項(xiàng)都為褒義詞,不符合語境。
20.填空題
Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingthegivenpartsinChineseintoEnglish.
81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication_______________________.
(因?yàn)閺V告商要為宣傳的廣告信息付錢)
82._______________________________________onthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.
(禁止他在外面閑逛)
83._________________________________,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.
(我來晚了不是因?yàn)榻煌ǘ氯?/p>
84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,_________________________________________.
(我們很遺憾地通知顧客商店提前關(guān)門)
85.Theboss________________________________trythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.
(應(yīng)該知道不應(yīng)該)
【答案】81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationbecauseadvertisershavetopayfortheadvertisinginformation.
82.Heisforbiddentohangoutonthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.
83.Itwasn’tbecauseofthetrafficjamthatIwaslate,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.
84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,weregrettoinformourcustomersthatthestoreisclosingearly.
85.Thebossshouldhaveknownthatheoughtnottotrythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.
21.翻譯題
這次到臺(tái)灣訪問交流,雖然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,訪了舊友,交了新知,大家走到一起,談?wù)摰囊粋€(gè)重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺(tái)灣的青年生活在不同的社會(huì)環(huán)境中,有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷,但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記,都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。
【答案】
AlthoughthiscurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchangewasverycursory,wesawmanyplaces,visitoldfriendsandmakesomenewfriends.ThemostimportanttopicwetalkedaboutwashowtobuildaprosperousChinainthe21swhenwegottogether.TeenagerslivinginourmainlandandTaiwanhavetheirownvariouslifeexperiencebecauseofthedifferentsocialenvironments,butthemarksofoursplendidtraditionsofChinesecultureareengravedintheirinnermosthearts.WeallholdthecommonidealofrevitalizingtheChinesenation.
22.單選題
Ifeachofusdoesourpartlittlebylittle,wecan()thelifespanofourplanetandourselves.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enlarge
B.expand
C.increase
D.grow
【答案】C
【解析】考查近義詞辨析。enlarge擴(kuò)大,放大;expand擴(kuò)張,使膨脹;increase增加,延長;grow發(fā)展,生長。句意:如果我們每一個(gè)人都能夠一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地做好我們的本職工作,那么我們賴以生存的星球和我們自己本身的壽命會(huì)延長。本題想表達(dá)的是壽命的延長,increase有“延長”的意思,故答案C。
23.單選題
Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.
Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.
“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.
“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.
Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.
TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯(cuò))andgettheresttheyneed.
1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?
2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?
3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?
4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?
5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.
B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.
C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.
D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.
B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.
C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.
D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.
B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.
C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.
D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.
B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.
C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.
D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.
B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.
C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.
D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.(那些每天睡眠時(shí)間超過8小時(shí)但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的可能性是正常人的近三倍,這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。),可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因?yàn)榛加屑膊?,D選項(xiàng)“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確;這里沒有說到中風(fēng)和睡眠的關(guān)系,A選項(xiàng)“中風(fēng)常與睡眠有關(guān)”錯(cuò)誤;這里沒有說到睡眠過多的危害,B選項(xiàng)“睡眠過多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯(cuò)誤;文中沒有說到睡眠少就容易生病,C選項(xiàng)“每天睡眠少于8小時(shí)的人更容易生病”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問題,然后對醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑,最后一句說Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.(奇怪的是,那些認(rèn)為在酒精影響下進(jìn)行手術(shù)就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對于在睡眠不足的情況下進(jìn)行手術(shù)往往毫不猶豫。),可知作者認(rèn)為睡眠不足和醉酒沒什么兩樣,D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確;沒有提到醫(yī)生對自己睡眠不足這個(gè)情況的態(tài)度,A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問題”錯(cuò)誤;醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術(shù),而睡眠不足如同醉酒,所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠,B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠來保持精力充沛”錯(cuò)誤。這一段主要在表達(dá)醫(yī)生睡眠不足會(huì)影響服務(wù)質(zhì)量,并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪,不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件,也不是表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容,C選項(xiàng)“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對醫(yī)生的影響,比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.(我真的是站著睡著了,臉差點(diǎn)被埋在傷口里。)和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.(幾乎我認(rèn)識(shí)的每個(gè)外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了……我知道有三個(gè)人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。),最后總結(jié)說“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.(“你自己的病人變成了你的敵人?!钡谌齻€(gè)人寫道,因?yàn)樗麄兪恰白璧K你睡好幾個(gè)小時(shí)的唯一因素”。),表達(dá)醫(yī)生因?yàn)槁殬I(yè)的關(guān)系缺乏睡眠,在這里作者用大量篇幅舉例來闡述醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠的危險(xiǎn),B選項(xiàng)“舉例說明缺乏睡眠給醫(yī)生帶來的危險(xiǎn)”正確;這里只是表達(dá)因?yàn)橐尾?,醫(yī)生缺乏睡眠,A選項(xiàng)“顯示醫(yī)生對病人的敵意”錯(cuò)誤;娛樂讀者不是主要目的,而是舉例表達(dá)觀點(diǎn),C選項(xiàng)“用一些軼事來娛樂讀者”錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)“討論醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)睡眠問題的原因”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn),故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.(它的關(guān)鍵條款模仿了紐約州的規(guī)定,包括每周80小時(shí)的工作時(shí)間和24小時(shí)的輪班限制。然而,大多數(shù)醫(yī)生抵制這種干預(yù)。),可知醫(yī)生不贊同法案中對醫(yī)生工作時(shí)間如此具體和死板的規(guī)定,認(rèn)為睡眠的時(shí)間段不是能夠用法律規(guī)定的,不想連睡眠都要受法律束縛,D選項(xiàng)“政府干擾過多”正確。A選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于工作周和輪班的規(guī)定太具體了”和B選項(xiàng)“法律不能讓醫(yī)生睡覺,但是他的意識(shí)可以”:不是表達(dá)的主要意思。C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該遵守政府的規(guī)定”:文中沒有這樣的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown…Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.(在美國,飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時(shí)間都有嚴(yán)格的控制。但除非也給醫(yī)生制定這樣一套規(guī)定,否則病人只能聽天由命……就醫(yī)生而言,他們必須放棄一貫不出錯(cuò)的姿態(tài),而得到他們需要的休息。),可知醫(yī)生需要充足的休息來保證工作任務(wù)的質(zhì)量,A選項(xiàng)“如果醫(yī)生沒有得到充分的休息,病人將面臨更多危險(xiǎn)”正確;這里說的是飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作時(shí)間問題,而不是工作的安全性,C選項(xiàng)“飛行員和卡車司機(jī)的工作環(huán)境比醫(yī)生更安全”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)人員有權(quán)解除其醫(yī)生的職務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“病人可以選擇醫(yī)生的睡眠時(shí)間”文中沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
24.單選題
PeoplesaythatJohnSmithisveryeccentric.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.neat
B.nervous
C.odd
D.proud
【答案】C
【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE考查形容詞詞義辨析。題目中eccentric為“古怪的(人);反常的”A選項(xiàng)為“整潔的;干凈的”;B選項(xiàng)為“神經(jīng)的;緊張不安的”;C選項(xiàng)為“古怪的;臨時(shí)的;奇數(shù)的”;D選項(xiàng)為“自豪的;得意的”。由句意可知,人們說約翰斯密斯是個(gè)非常古怪的。因此,正確答案是C項(xiàng)。
25.單選題
Thelaserrepresentsatruemarriagebetweenscienceandtechnologyinthatthemenwhodeviseditwere()engineersandphysicists.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.spontaneously
B.homogenously
C.instantaneously
D.simultaneously
【答案】D
【解析】句意:激光代表了科學(xué)和技術(shù)的真正結(jié)合,因?yàn)榘l(fā)明激光的人同時(shí)是工程師和物理學(xué)家。
考查副詞辨析。spontaneously自發(fā)地;自然地;homogenously同樣地;instantaneously突如其來地;即刻;simultaneously同時(shí)地。根據(jù)前半句句意可知這里表示“發(fā)明激光的人既是工程師,也是物理學(xué)家”,故選D。
26.單選題
Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,orderingandthetakingofcensusesallofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemodeminferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.
Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.
Inferentialstatisticsinformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild,theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurseofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith(
).
2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?
3.Whichofthefollowingisnotgivenasanexampleofaqualitativevariable?
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?
5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inferentialstatistics
B.descriptivestatistics
C.unknownvariables
D.qualitativechanges
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics
B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics
C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables
D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinhumorousandunderstandableway.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Gender
B.Height
C.Collegemajor
D.Typeofpersonality
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.
B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.
C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems,
D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.
B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.
C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables
D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段...counting,measuring,describing.,allofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics,計(jì)算、測量、描述都屬于現(xiàn)化描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)。確定B選項(xiàng)‘描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)‘、C選項(xiàng)‘未知的變量’和D選項(xiàng)‘質(zhì)的變化’不符合題意。
2.第一段中的mother和father說明了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的起源,同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出作者的幽默,所以正確答案為D選項(xiàng)‘以幽默易通的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景’。A選項(xiàng)‘指出父母可以教孩子統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)’,完全不合文意。B選項(xiàng)‘介紹推理統(tǒng)計(jì)’,表達(dá)不完全。C選項(xiàng)‘說明有兩種不同變量’表達(dá)不確切。
3.第二段提及了qualitativevariablessuchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytypes:性質(zhì)變量,如性別、大學(xué)專業(yè)或性格類型??梢娦再|(zhì)變量不包括height高度,所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.根據(jù)第二段最后一句話:Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.大量的數(shù)據(jù)在被理解之前通常必須經(jīng)過一個(gè)概括或縮減的過程。描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)是一種工具,用于描述、概括或簡化成可理解的形式,以形成大量數(shù)據(jù)的特性。確定描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)可以將宏大的數(shù)據(jù)簡化成一種可以數(shù)據(jù)量的形式,所以A選項(xiàng)‘簡化大量數(shù)據(jù)’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘導(dǎo)致變量的增加‘、C選項(xiàng)’解決所有數(shù)字的問題‘太絕對。D選項(xiàng)’將性質(zhì)變量變?yōu)閿?shù)量變量‘文中未提到。
5.根據(jù)文章最后一句Thus,thepurseofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.因此,推理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的目的是通過對一個(gè)群體中某一樣本的特征的了解來預(yù)測或估計(jì)該群體的特征。確定B選項(xiàng)‘估計(jì)人的總體特點(diǎn)‘正確。
27.單選題
Somewomenaremotivatedtowork()professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.becauseof
B.asto
C.regardlessof
D.inspiteof
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?;由于”;B選項(xiàng)asto“至于,關(guān)于;就……而論”;C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧,不管”;D選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管、雖然、盡管、不顧”。句意:有些婦女工作的動(dòng)機(jī)是()職業(yè)興趣和為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的愿望。B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
28.單選題
I’msurprisedatthere()anindex.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.nottobe
B.tobenot
C.notbeing
D.beingnot
【答案】C
【解析】這是there?be非限定形式作介詞補(bǔ)足語,通常用?-ing形式。如果是否定形式,那么否定詞not應(yīng)放在非限定形式前面。注意,there?be作介詞for的補(bǔ)足語時(shí),常用there?to?be形式。
29.單選題
Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan()combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.arrogant
B.agreeable
C.ambitious
D.innocent
【答案】B
【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的;agreeable令人愉快的,和藹可親的;ambitious野心勃勃的;innocent無知的。句意:主火車站和展覽館周圍的區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)出古代歷史和自然歷史的完美結(jié)合。根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)填入的為褒義詞,所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。
30.寫作題
Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.
【答案】答:
1.lack改為short
2.launch改為launched
3.it改為which
4.crews改為crew
5.Upon改為Once
6.rotation改為rotate
7.inwards改為outwards
8.will改為would
9.from改為into
10.fantastically改為fantastical
【解析】1.【解題思路】lackof中的lack是一個(gè)名詞,所以lackof也是一個(gè)名詞詞組,跟在be動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)該跟冠詞,所以這里要把名詞lack改為形容詞short,shortof表示“短缺”。
2.【解題思路】分析句子可知,saw是謂語動(dòng)詞,所以launch應(yīng)該用非謂語形式,而太空巴士是在1981年首次著陸,事情發(fā)生在過去,所以launch用過去分詞形式launched。
3.【解題思路】分析句子可知,主句是Thisis“Columbia”,后面沒有連詞,所以只能作為定語從句修飾Columbia,故把it改為which。
4.【解題思路】crew是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“全體人員”,不用再跟s,故crews改為crew。
5.【解題思路】Upon表示“在……之上”,而此句是指“空間站一旦建成,它就會(huì)產(chǎn)生自己的大氣層”,故把Upon改為Once。
6.【解題思路】rotation是一個(gè)名詞,而needto后面要跟動(dòng)詞,故把rotation改為rotate。
7.【解題思路】此句是指“在離心力的作用下,人們將被迫從中心向外移動(dòng)”,而inwards表示“向內(nèi)”,所以應(yīng)該把inwards改為outwards。
8.【解題思路】根據(jù)文章可知,此處是表示生活在外太空的一種假設(shè)情況,而will不含有虛擬的語氣,故把will改為would。
9.【解題思路】beconverted一般與to或者into搭配,表示“被轉(zhuǎn)變成”,所以把from改為into。
10.【解題思路】sounds是系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞,所以要把副詞fantastically改為形容詞fantastical。
31.單選題
I(
)theminister’sfigures,thetruecostoftheprojectismuchhigher.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.contend
B.agree
C.dispute
D.disagree
【答案】C
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contend“主張;為……斗爭”;agree“同意”;dispute“辯論;爭吵”;disagree“不同意;不一致”。句意:我懷疑部長所說的數(shù)據(jù)—項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際花費(fèi)更高。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
32.單選題
Hecausedafalseaccountoftheevent()inthenewspaper.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hadpublished
B.tobepublished
C.beingpublished
D.tohavepublished
【答案】B
【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞。causesb.todosth.首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C,事件是被刊登上報(bào)紙的,表被動(dòng),所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意:他對報(bào)紙上刊登的事故進(jìn)行了虛假報(bào)道。
33.單選題
Oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingusis()ofhowtogetmorewaterformantouse.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.that
B.it
C.which
D.what
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我們面臨的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問題是如何獲得更多的水供人類使用。
語法題??疾閺木洹?崭窈竺媸莍s的表語,因此后面部分只能是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)或者從句。這里用that指代前面的problem,故選A。
34.單選題
Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss()thebreadwinner'sdeath.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.atthecostof
B.onthevergeof
C.asaresultof
D.forthesake
【答案】C
【解析】短語辨析。atthecostof
以…為代價(jià);onthevergeof接近于,
源臨于;asaresultof因?yàn)?
由于;forthesakeof為了…的緣故。句意:人壽保險(xiǎn)可以在養(yǎng)家糊口的人死后,
為撫養(yǎng)其家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
35.單選題
Mostcharismatic(有魅力的)leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(趣聞軼事).Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.
Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.
Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.
Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped(狹窄的)spacethatyouknowwell.”
Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.
Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.
1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefe
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